镉污染中性土壤伴矿景天修复的硫强化及其微生物效应

田间微区试验研究了施硫(S)处理对中性镉污染农田上伴矿景天镉吸取修复效率、土壤pH、有效态镉(Cd)、有效态硫以及微生物群落变化的影响。结果发现,土壤pH值随时间和硫用量的增加而显著下降,有效态镉和有效态硫随时间和硫用量的增加而显著增加。在360 g/m_²硫处理下,伴矿景天地上部镉浓度为70.9 mg/kg,较不施硫对照(38.3 mg/kg)增加85%,耕层土壤全量镉去除率为19.4%,是对照(10.5%)的1.85倍。施硫处理150天后,土壤Thiomonas和Rhodanobacter细菌相对丰度显著高于试验前土壤和对照处理。本试验结果表明,中性土壤施加适量硫磺不仅可显著提高污染土壤中镉的生物有效性,也可通过调节与硫代谢相关的功能微生物,显著增强镉的植物吸取修复效率。     

超富集植物的研究进展

找到合适的超富集植物是植物修复的关键。通过查阅文献,综述了当前超富集植物的研究进展。     

Uptake and Translocation of Copper in Brassicaceae

Abstract

Ten cvs. of four Brassicaceae species were tested to evaluate their copper (Cu) uptake and translocation. Germination and root length tests indicated that Brassica juncea cv. Aurea and Raphanus sativus cvs. Rimbo and Saxa were the species with the highest germinability and longest roots at Cu concentrations ranging from 25 up to 200 µM. Raphanus sativus cv. Rimbo grown in hydroponic culture at increasing Cu concentrations (from 0.12 up to 40 µM) for 10 days produced a relatively high biomass (17.2 mg plant^?1) at the highest concentration and had a more efficient Cu translocation (17.8%) in comparison with cvs. Aurea and Saxa. The potential of cv. Rimbo for Cu uptake was then followed for 28 days at 5, 10, and 15 µM Cu. In comparison with the control, after 28 days of growth the 15 µM Cu‐treated plants showed a reduction in the tolerance index (?40%) and in the above‐ground dry biomass (?19%). On the contrary, an increase in the below‐ground dry weight was observed (+35%). Copper accumulated during the growth period both in the below‐ and above‐ground parts (about 14 and 4 µg plant^?1 at 10 and 15 µM Cu, respectively), but the translocation decreased from 50 to 30% in the last week at all the concentrations used. In addition, cv. Rimbo grown in a multiple element [cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cu, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)] naturally‐contaminated site accumulated all elements in the above‐ground part in a range from 5 to 62 µg plant^?1.     

内生细菌强化重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进展

近年来,植物修复因其独特的优势备受推崇,尤其是当前植物内生细菌的应用为植物修复重金属污染土壤提供了有效的新方案.在植物修复过程中,耐重金属的内生细菌利用与植物的共生互惠关系,通过自身的抗性系统缓解重金属的毒性,促进植物对其迁移,并通过溶磷、固氮等途径改善植物营养以及分泌植物激素、铁载体、特异性酶、抗生素等作用,促进植物在逆境条件下的生长和对重金属的富集.本文综述了近年来国内外关于重金属抗性植物内生细菌促进植物生长、增强植物对重金属的抗性以及影响重金属在植物体内吸收、转运和积累的作用机制,系统分析了内生细菌促进植物修复重金属污染土壤的机理,并进一步讨论了植物内生细菌在重金属污染土壤植物修复工程中的应用前景与研究方向.     

根际促生菌及其在污染土壤植物修复中的应用

植物对重金属吸收、转运和积累以及植物生物学特征使其成为修复重金属污染土壤的重要手段之一。然而,由于植物对重金属的耐受性有限而限制其广泛实际应用,因而探讨植物修复技术强化措施就显得尤为重要。随着自然资源的开发和技术的发展,微生物调控使植物修复技术变得更为可行和更有价值。回顾近年来新兴的微生物调控技术,植物根际促生菌资源因其对环境无污染,可利用自身的抗性系统减缓重金属对植物的毒性,促进植物的生长和影响重金属的迁移等优势,在修复过程中发挥着重要作用。目前,国内外就植物根际促生菌的筛选、鉴定和应用价值等方面已经做了大量的相关研究。本文综述了根际促生菌-植物相互作用的机制及其促进植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用原理。     

几种豆科、禾本科植物对多环芳烃复合污染土壤的修复

通过盆栽试验,研究了几种豆科植物与禾本科植物对多环芳烃(PAHs)复合污染土壤的修复作用。结果显示,90天后8种植物对土壤中PAHs均有不同程度降解效果,其中紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草对土壤PAHs的去除率分别达48.4%、46.8%,且对3环PAHs去除较为彻底,对4环及4环以上的PAHs去除效果较差。8种供试植物对PAHs均有一定的吸收、富集与转运的能力,紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草对土壤PAHs的生物富集系数分别为0.096、0.085,其提取修复效率为0.017%和0.013%。可见,紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草具有较好的根际修复潜力。     

Soil microbial response during the phytoremediation of a PAH contaminated soil

The aim of this trial was to quantify and compare the responses of soil microbial communities during the phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a laboratory trial. The experiment was conducted in 1-kg pots and planted treatments consisted of a mixed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) sward together with a rhizobial inoculum (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii). Throughout the 180-d experiment soil microbial biomass and communities of PAH degraders were monitored. PAH degradation was enhanced in planted treatments that received a rhizobial inoculum. Microbial biomass was enhanced in planted treatments, but there were no significant differences between treatments that had received a rhizobial inoculum and those that had not. However, numbers of PAH degraders were greater in the treatment that had received a rhizobial inoculum.     

城市森林植物修复污染土壤的功能

主要论述了不同森林植物通过自身理化特性吸收和转移土壤重金属，实现修复污染土壤的功能。重点从修复重金属污染土壤、降解土壤中的TNT以及修复被多环芳烃(PAH)污染土壤等功能方面进行了综述，并列举了部分植物Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg等重金属的富集能力。为城市不同重金属污染条件下的城市森林建设植物材料选择提供了参考。     

化工污染场地植物修复研究

[目的]研究植物对复合污染土壤的修复效果。[方法]采取模拟试验,进行 Pb-Cd复合污染、PAHs污染和 Pb-Cd-PAHs复合污染土壤修复植物的筛选,通过种植黑麦草,调控生物有效性影响因素对污染场地土壤进行修复。[结果]种植黑麦草70 d后污染土壤有效态 Pb的含量为375.26 mg/kg,90 d后土壤有效态 Cd含量为4.9 mg/kg,110 d后土壤有效态 B[a]P的含量为0.60 mg/kg,都低于土壤限值,能达到修复效果。[结论]黑麦草是适于复合污染土壤修复的植物。     

Cr(Ⅵ)污染生物修复研究进展

首先介绍了我国Cr(Ⅵ)污染的状况及毒性,然后重点介绍了铬污染生物修复技术的特点以及研究现状,包括铬污染水体的微生物还原、微生物吸附、植物吸附,以及铬污染土壤的微生物还原及植物修复.相对于植物修复而言,微生物在治理Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体及土壤方面都具有非常大的应用潜力,值得进行更深入的研究.