小型多功能底盘稻麦割晒机研究

针对贵州山区田块小而分散,提出设计稻麦割晒机时应采用适应多种田间作业需要的通用底盘。小型多功能底盘主要由多功能底盘、发动机、动力传动系统、操作手柄及前后连接支架组成,多功能底盘上安装前后连接支架,根据田间农作物作业需要,与通用底盘快速挂接,可完成旋耕整地、开沟起垄、播种施肥、灌水施药及稻麦割晒等作业。该底盘可构建多功能作业机组,扩大机具使用范围和利用率,解决丘陵山地小田块机械化收割问题。     

浅圆仓多功能中心系统的应用与研究

为降低浅圆仓入库过程中产生的自动分级,减小破碎率的增加等现象,解决中心部位在通风过程中产生的通风死角,实现安全储粮,我库与河南工业大学及郑州筒仓公司合作开发研制了浅圆仓气浮式降分级、减破碎多功能中心系统。通过实仓试验发现,该系统在降低分级、减小破碎率方面效果明显,并实现了中心部位的径向通风,提高了储粮稳定性。     

1ZZJ-2型自走式多功能作业机的研究

为满足我国北方地区旱作农业的生产要求,研制开发了1ZZJ-2型自走式多功能作业机。在简述该机主要结构和工作原理的基础上,总结其主要特点,详细介绍其主机和进行灭茬、播种、收割、田间运输时的技术参数。     

菠菜内生固氮菌的分离及其功能特性研究

内生固氮菌具有促生、病原菌的防治及生物固氮等作用,并且占据着植物组织内有利于营养供应和微环境适宜的生态位,是重要的微生物菌种资源。从菠菜根内分离筛选优势内生固氮菌7株,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)5株,红球菌属(Rhodococcus)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)各1株。菌株Pseudomonas sp.BCE6和Pseudomonas sp.BC-E8固氮酶活性较高,分别为(13.19±0.32)和(12.11±0.96)C2H4nmol/(mg protein·h),与圆褐固氮菌(ACCC11103)的固氮酶活性具有极显著性差异(P0.01);菌株Pseudomonas sp.BC-E7具有固氮酶活性[(8.42±0.03)C2H4nmol/(mg protein·h)]、产IAA能力[(59.58±4.15)μg/m L]、ACC脱氨酶活性[(5.067±0.376)μmol/(mg protein·h)],拮抗立枯丝核菌ACCC36124(Rhizoctonia solani)、麦类赤霉病ACCC36272(Gibberella zeae)等4种常见土传病害。菠菜内生固氮菌Pseudomonas sp.BC-E7是一株多功能内生菌,具有较好的生产应用前景。     

多功能土壤添加剂对小麦土传病害的防效及对玉米秸秆的腐解作用

为明确多功能土壤添加剂HAD-5的田间功效,通过3地2 a田间定点试验研究了其对小麦土传病害的防治效果、对玉米秸秆的腐解效果及对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,越冬期至拔节期,多功能土壤添加剂HAD-5对小麦纹枯病(拔节期除外)、根腐病和全蚀病的防效分别显著低于对照药剂6%戊唑醇种子处理悬浮剂、3%苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂和2.5%咯菌腈种子包衣剂处理;成熟期,多功能土壤添加剂对纹枯病和根腐病的防效分别为71.2%和68.9%,均与对照药剂差异不明显,其对全蚀病的防效低于咯菌腈包衣剂处理,为55.6%。在定兴县、枣强县和献县试验站该制剂对玉米秸秆的累积腐解率分别为62.34%、61.45%和63.33%,比秸秆腐解剂处理分别提高了19.36%、32.89%和19.88%,比空白对照分别提高了37.59%、42.11%和37.29%。多功能土壤添加剂不仅可提高小麦株高和次生根数量,还能提高小麦产量,3地2 a平均产量分别为7 124.7kg/hm2、7 116.2 kg/hm2和6 737.4 kg/hm2,与空白对照相比增产率分别为10.7%、12.3%和5.2%,均高于对照药剂处理和秸秆腐解剂处理。     

多功能脚踏式机具的驱动机构设计

就我省山区和丘陵地区广大农村在农业生产和部分农产品加工所需的人力多功能机具的驱动机构从理论方面进行了分析，并对该机构的基本形式和最佳工况以及曲柄的最佳位置进行了分析，提出了驱动机构的设计基本要求，推出了驱动机构各构件的设计计算公式，为人力多功能机具设计打下了理论基础。     

我国多功能森林经营的理论探索与对策研究

多功能林业已经成为世界林业发展的主流,开展多功能森林经营是提高我国森林质量和效益的重要途径。探索了多功能森林经营概念,论述了多功能森林经营技术体系,探讨了我国实施多功能森林经营的对策,最后指出:需要树立多功能森林经营理念,强化多功能森林经营技术和制度支撑体系,逐步推动多功能森林经营在我国的实施。     

Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return

Dry direct-seeded rice (DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient, relatively cheap, and environmentally friendly.  However, this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment.  To address this problem, we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels (B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5=100, 190, 280, 370, and 460 seedlings m⁻², respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation.  We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018.  The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density.  There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density, and the maximum yield (9.34−9.47 t ha⁻¹) was obtained under B3.  The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m⁻² and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity.  The higher total spikelet number m⁻² under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m⁻² compared with B1 and B2.  Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5, these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle.  Lower biomass, smaller leaf area, and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5.  The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m⁻² of land, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and leaf area index.  Furthermore, the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio, as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.  A quadratic function predicted that 260−290 seedlings m⁻² is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yield.  Together, these results suggested that appropriately increasing the seedling density, and thereby increasing the proportion of panicles formed by the main stem, is an effective approach for obtaining a higher yield in DDR sown using a multifunctional seeder in a rice–wheat rotation system.     

电动拖拉机综合台架试验系统设计与试验

电动拖拉机试验具有测试对象多和物理系统复杂的特点,单一试验系统不能满足电动拖拉机性能测试要求。根据电动拖拉机作业特点,通过分析其动力传动系统数学模型,确定了以电动机效率、电池组放电特性为测试变量的设计任务。采用模块化方法,设计了能源系统试验模块、动力系统试验模块和电动拖拉机综合试验系统整体方案。通过研究试验系统总体参数设计方法,得到了加载电动机、电池测试系统和直流电池模拟器等部件的参数计算模型。通过试验系统硬件选型匹配,设计了可满足90 k W以下电动拖拉机性能测试的试验系统。在该试验平台进行了电动拖拉机性能台架试验,结果表明:试验测试误差与前期仿真分析误差在10%以内,设计的综合台架试验系统对电动拖拉机部件性能测试的适用性较好,满足整机性能分析和标定的试验需求。     

小型多功能作业机丘陵山地应用试验

丘陵山地农业机械化是农业现代化发展的必经之路。该文通过研究小型多功能作业机在丘陵山地的应用试验,提出采用适应多种田间作业需要的通用底盘。通过集成技术的研究与示范推广应用,为加快丘陵山地农机化的发展提供技术支撑。