有效助剂在悬浮种衣剂中的应用

通过对在悬浮种衣剂所用有效助剂种类、性能、特点的分析研究,并采用助剂筛选、对比试验等方法,从物理化学原理的角度研究并解决悬浮种衣剂的悬浮稳定性的问题,指出有效助剂不仅能稳定悬浮种衣剂的悬浮度,还能起到增加剂型药效和环境保护的作用,在剂型中是不可缺少的组成部分.     

生姜油对佐剂性关节炎小鼠关节液前列腺素E_2的影响

目的:探讨生姜油对佐剂性关节炎小鼠足关节液前列腺素E2的影响。方法:皮下注射弗氏完全佐剂建立小鼠右后足佐剂性关节炎模型,将小鼠随机分成5组,即正常对照组、模型组、生姜油高剂量(1.0 mL.kg-1)组、生姜油低剂量(0.5 mL.kg-1)组和阳性药(地塞米松1 mg.kg-1)对照组。于致炎后d8开始灌胃给药,1次/d,连续14 d,给药容积均为20 mL.kg-1,正常对照组和模型组给等量蒸馏水。分别在致炎后d8、d12、d16、d20测量小鼠足肿胀度,并于d21处死小鼠,测定致炎侧足关节液中前列腺素(PG)E2的含量。结果:生姜油0.5,1.0 mL.kg-1均能明显减轻小鼠足肿胀(P<0.05,P<0.01),也能明显抑制佐剂性关节炎小鼠关节液中PGE2的升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:生姜油对小鼠佐剂性关节炎有抑制作用,其抗炎作用的机制之一可能与抑制炎症局部前列腺素合成有关。     

厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物抗炎生物活性研究

    以我国海洋养殖的主要贻贝品种之一厚壳贻贝为材料,通过大鼠棉球肉芽肿和佐剂诱导的关节炎模型研究厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物的抗炎生物活性.结果表明厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物具有很强的抗炎生物活性,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿和大鼠佐剂性关节炎原发性和继发性症状,其抗炎生物活性比新西兰绿唇贻贝脂溶性提取物稍低或与之相当.这为进一步把贻贝作为具有抗炎保健功能的食品或具有自主知识产权的纯天然安全有效的新型抗炎药物开发利用提供了理论基础和依据.     

Adjuvant effect of an extract from Cochinchina momordica seeds on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice

The seed of the Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng as a traditional Chinese medicine has been utilized in China for more than 1 200 years. It is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory swelling, scrofula, tinea, diarrhea as well as suppurative skin infections such as sore, carbuncles, furuncles and boils in both humans and animals. In this study, an extract from Cochinchina momordica seeds (ECMS) is evaluated for its adjuvant effect and safety. The results suggest that when co-administered with ECMS in Balb/c mice, ovalbumin (OVA, 10 μg) may induce significantly higher specific antibody production than OVA used alone (P < 0.05). Analysis of antibody isotypes indicates that the ECMS can promote the production of both IgG₁ and IgG_2a, but favor the IgG_2a. Splenocyte proliferative responses to concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides or OVA are significantly higher in mice immunized with OVA mixed with ECMS than immunized with OVA alone or mixed with aluminum hydroxide (P < 0.05). No local reactions and negative effects on the body weight gain occurred after the injection of OVA mixed with various amounts of ECMS in mice. Therefore, the ECMS is safe for injection and can be used as a potential vaccine adjuvant biasing the production of IgG_2a in mice.     

人参茎叶总皂苷联合亚硒酸钠对猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫的增强作用

为了探讨人参茎叶总皂苷(ginseng stem-leaf saponins,GSLS)联合亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3,简称Se)对伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)灭活疫苗免疫的增强作用,本试验给小鼠口服GSLS后,接种添加了Se的PRV灭活疫苗,并检测免疫后小鼠血清中PRV gB抗体及其亚类(IgG1和IgG2a)水平、淋巴细胞增殖水平、淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6)水平以及野毒(fPRV)攻毒后小鼠的存活率。结果显示,与仅仅免疫PRV灭活疫苗的小鼠相比,口服GSLS联合疫苗中添加Se(GSLS-Se)能够显著提高小鼠血清中PRV gB抗体及其亚类(IgG1和IgG2a)水平,淋巴细胞增殖水平和细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2和IL-6)水平。此外,GSLS-Se还提高了免疫小鼠对野毒感染的抵抗力。结果表明,GSLS-Se对PRV灭活疫苗具有免疫增强作用,值得在本动物上进一步研究。     

Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine for femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in dogs undergoing stifle surgery

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine administered perineurally or intramuscularly (IM) on sensory, motor function and postoperative analgesia produced by lidocaine for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in dogs undergoing unilateral tibial tuberosity advancement surgery.Study designProspective, blinded, clinical study.AnimalsA group of 30 dogs.MethodsDogs were anaesthetized with acepromazine, propofol and isoflurane in oxygen/air. Electrolocation-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were performed: group L, 0.15 mL kg^–1 2% lidocaine (n = 10); group LD_loc, lidocaine and 0.15 μg kg^–1 dexmedetomidine perineurally (n = 10); group LD_sys, lidocaine and 0.3 μg kg^–1 dexmedetomidine IM (n = 10). After anaesthesia, sensory blockade was evaluated by response to forceps pinch on skin innervated by the saphenous/femoral, common fibular and tibial nerves. Motor blockade was evaluated by observing the ability to walk and proprioception. Analgesia was monitored with Short Form of Glasgow Composite Pain Scale for up to 4 hours after extubation. Methadone IM was administered as rescue analgesia. Data were analysed by linear mixed effect models and Kaplan-Meier test (p < 0.05).ResultsMedian duration of the sensory blockade for all nerves was longer (p < 0.001) for group LD_loc than for groups L and LD_sys and was longer (p = 0.0011) for group LD_sys than for group L. Proprioception returned later (p < 0.001) for group LD_loc [285 (221–328) minutes] compared with group L [160 (134–179) minutes] or LD_sys [195 (162–257) minutes]. Return of the ability to walk was similar among all groups. Dogs in group LD_loc required postoperative rescue analgesia later (p = 0.001) than dogs in groups LD_sys and L.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDexmedetomidine administered perineurally with lidocaine prolonged sensory blockade and analgesia during the immediate postoperative period. Systemic dexmedetomidine also prolonged the sensory blockade of perineural lidocaine.     

褐藻胶对农药喷洒液物理性能及喷洒质量的影响

报道了褐藻胶对农药喷洒液主要物理性能及喷洒质量的影响。在喷洒液中加入0.05％～0.2％的褐藻胶,虽然有使喷洒液表面张力增大3.76％～10.76％,湿展能力降低12.4％～40.5％,雾滴直径(VMD)增大2.18％～86.75％等不利影响,但却使喷洒液的粘度提高1～6倍、悬浮率提高1～2倍(25％除草醚可湿性粉剂)、沉积率从142.4μg/g提高到198.9～228.4μg/g、雨水冲刷率从28.2％降低至4.8％～8.5％,从而明显地提高了大田防治效果。另外还就褐藻胶在我国农药喷洒中的应用前景进行了讨论、     

免疫佐剂研究进展

佐剂是能够增强免疫应答或改变免疫应答类型的物质,本身可以具有免疫原性,也可以没有免疫原性.佐剂种类很多,如氢氧化铝佐剂、细菌佐剂、脂多糖、细胞因子等.综述了氢氧化铝佐剂、多糖佐剂、细胞因子佐剂以及一些新型佐剂的研究进展,旨在为今后开展疫苗和佐剂的相关研究提供参考.     

新型兽用疫苗佐剂的研究进展

综述了细胞因子、脂质体、CpG及单磷酰基脂质A四种新型佐剂的特点及其国内外的研究进展。传统佐剂存在的一些缺点致使其不适合在新型疫苗中使用,因此寻找理想的新型佐剂已经成为兽用疫苗研发的关键问题之一;新型疫苗具有传统疫苗不具备的优点,但其抗原高度纯化、免疫原性较弱的不足也需要有理想的疫苗佐剂与之配合使用以增强其作用。     

猪IL-15 cDNA真核表达载体的构建、表达及其免疫佐剂效应

参考GenBank发表猪IL-15mRNA序列设计引物,用RT-PCR方法扩增猪IL-15cDNA,并克隆到pMD18-T载体中,通过PCR、酶切和测序验证克隆正确,再亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA-3.1（＋）上,得到重组质粒pcD-NA-pIL-15。在脂质体介导下,重组质粒pcDNA-pIL-15转染AD-293细胞。以鼠抗猪IL-15为一抗,用间接免疫荧光分析表明猪IL-15基因均在AD-293细胞中成功进行了瞬时表达。小鼠免疫试验表明,pcDNA-pIL-15作为免疫佐剂,能够有效提高小鼠的脾T细胞增殖,加强pcDNA-ORF2（PCV2）质粒免疫过程中的特异性中和抗体的产生,为进一步研制猪IL-15基因佐剂疫苗及进行临床实验奠定基础。