不同喷雾助剂对稻田除草剂减量作用的研究

采用田间试验方法开展了β助剂、迈丝、益泽、激健4个喷雾助剂对氰氟草酯和灭草松的减量使用技术研究。结果表明,使用100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油防除稻田杂草稗Echinochloa crusgalli、千金子Leptochloa chinensis时,分别添加β助剂、益泽、激健3个喷雾助剂均可降低其使用量30%,添加迈丝可降低其使用量20%;使用480 g/L灭草松水剂防除多花水苋Ammannia multiflora、丁香蓼Ludwigia prostrata和异型莎草Cyperus difformis等杂草时,添加β助剂可降低其使用量30%,分别添加迈丝、益泽、激健3个喷雾助剂均可降低其使用量至少20%。两种稻田常用除草剂减量20%～30%后添加喷雾助剂施用对水稻生长和产量均无不良影响。     

Efficacy of a polyvalent injectable vaccine against Flavobacterium psychrophilum administered to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.)

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is one of the most important pathogens affecting cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Recent information from UK salmonid farms showed country‐wide distribution of genetically and serologically divergent clones, which has hampered the development of a vaccine for rainbow trout fry syndrome. The current study assessed the efficacy of an injectable polyvalent vaccine containing formalin‐inactivated F. psychrophilum in rainbow trout. The vaccine was formulated with an oil adjuvant (Montanide ISA 760VG) or formalin‐killed cells alone. Duplicate groups of trout (60 ± 13 g) were given phosphate‐buffered saline or vaccine formulated with Montanide by intra‐peritoneal (i.p.) injection and challenged by intra‐muscular (i.m.) injection with a homologous and a heterologous isolate of F. psychrophilum at 525 degree days post‐vaccination (dd pv). Significant protection was achieved in vaccinated fish (p = 0.0001, RPS 76% homologous, 88% heterologous). Efficacy of the adjuvanted vaccine was also demonstrated by heterologous challenge at 1155 dd pv resulting in 100% protection, whereas survival in the un‐adjuvanted group was not significantly different from control fish. Levels of specific antibody at 1155 dd pv, as measured by ELISA, were significantly higher in the fish vaccinated with adjuvant when compared with unvaccinated fish.     

中药有效成分对动物疫苗的免疫佐剂效果及相关机理研究进展

佐剂作为疫苗的重要组成部分，其自身的安全性及对疫苗的免疫增强效果受到广泛重视。动物疫苗佐剂种类较多，包括铝佐剂、油乳佐剂和脂质体佐剂等。但由于可应用的佐剂有限，疫苗的需求量增大，因此寻求更加安全有效的疫苗佐剂成为新的研究热潮。中药具有易获取、毒性低和免疫活性强等特点，有潜力成为新型疫苗佐剂。笔者对中药有效成分的佐剂活性、联合疫苗后的免疫调节效果及作用机制进行综述，阐明中药有效成分作为动物疫苗佐剂的可能性及研究进展，为新型佐剂的研制提供理论依据。     

猪IL-15 cDNA真核表达载体的构建、表达及其免疫佐剂效应

参考GenBank发表猪IL-15mRNA序列设计引物,用RT-PCR方法扩增猪IL-15cDNA,并克隆到pMD18-T载体中,通过PCR、酶切和测序验证克隆正确,再亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA-3.1（＋）上,得到重组质粒pcD-NA-pIL-15。在脂质体介导下,重组质粒pcDNA-pIL-15转染AD-293细胞。以鼠抗猪IL-15为一抗,用间接免疫荧光分析表明猪IL-15基因均在AD-293细胞中成功进行了瞬时表达。小鼠免疫试验表明,pcDNA-pIL-15作为免疫佐剂,能够有效提高小鼠的脾T细胞增殖,加强pcDNA-ORF2（PCV2）质粒免疫过程中的特异性中和抗体的产生,为进一步研制猪IL-15基因佐剂疫苗及进行临床实验奠定基础。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌鞭毛蛋白FliC的原核表达及其对口蹄疫疫苗的佐剂作用

用PCR扩增鼠伤寒沙门菌基因FliC,将PCR产物克隆至pMD18-T载体中,构建了克隆质粒pMD18-FliC。克隆质粒和pET-his载体用EcoR/Nhel双酶切,将得到的纯化基因FliC亚克隆至pET-his内,构建重组质粒pET-his-FliC。酶切、测序鉴定后,分别将重组质粒转染大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导表达,菌体蛋白超声处理,上清液用AKTA Explorer蛋白纯化系统纯化。用SDS-PAGE分析所得蛋白,发现于约53 000处出现了与目的蛋白一致的外源蛋白带。293-mTLR5细胞活性检测表明该融合蛋白能刺激TLR-5通路,引起NF-κB的活化。用小鼠模型检验FliC对O型口蹄疫抗原的免疫增强作用,证明其对口蹄疫疫苗具有佐剂作用。     

新型兽用疫苗佐剂的研究进展

综述了细胞因子、脂质体、CpG及单磷酰基脂质A四种新型佐剂的特点及其国内外的研究进展。传统佐剂存在的一些缺点致使其不适合在新型疫苗中使用,因此寻找理想的新型佐剂已经成为兽用疫苗研发的关键问题之一;新型疫苗具有传统疫苗不具备的优点,但其抗原高度纯化、免疫原性较弱的不足也需要有理想的疫苗佐剂与之配合使用以增强其作用。     

佐剂性关节炎大鼠成纤维样滑膜细胞的体外培养与鉴定

探讨佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)的体外培养及鉴定方法,制备AA大鼠模型,采用组织块培养法培养AA大鼠FLS,并通过形态学、透射电镜及RT-PCR方法对FLS进行鉴定.结果表明,培养的滑膜细胞具有成纤维细胞的形态和特征,呈长梭形板向生长,RT-PCR方法检测波形蛋白表达较高.本研究成功地培养出了AA...     

聚γ谷氨酸生物合成与DegR关系及其免疫佐剂效果研究

为探讨调节因子DegR对聚γ谷氨酸(γ-PGA)生物合成产量的影响,比较聚γ谷氨酸佐剂和传统铝佐剂的辅助免疫效果,利用P43启动子构建了穿梭表达载体pHY-degR,通过电转化地衣芽胞杆菌WX-02获得重组菌株WX-02/pHYdegR。同时以福尔马林灭活的金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白疫苗作为免疫原,分别以不同分子质量聚γ谷氨酸佐剂和铝佐剂制备相关疫苗并免疫小鼠,7d后注射金黄色葡萄球菌,根据小鼠死亡数,计算其相对免疫保护率。结果显示,过表达degR后,聚γ谷氨酸生物合成产量提高至28.5g/L,相比对照菌株WX-02/pHY300提高22.6%。分子质量2×10~3 ku聚γ谷氨酸作为佐剂的相对免疫保护率效果最好(78.9%),优于铝佐剂免疫保护率(52.6%)和未添加佐剂免疫保护率(42.1%)。结果表明,过表达degR基因能提高聚γ谷氨酸生物合成量,且聚γ谷氨酸作为疫苗佐剂能增强疫苗免疫效果,可作为理想的疫苗佐剂。     

Studies on the antibody response and side effects after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) with different oil‐based vaccines

Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) is used as a biological delousing agent for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis K.) infestations in Norwegian aquaculture. Here, we present a study on the antibody response and vaccine side effects after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of lumpfish with two vaccines. Both vaccines contained bacterial antigens from atypical Aeromonas salmonicida A‐layer types V and VI, Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 and Moritella viscosa sp., but one vaccine contained a vegetable oil‐based adjuvant, while the other contained a mineral oil‐based adjuvant. Intramuscular injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine caused a high acute mortality of fish within 48 hr after immunization. Intraperitoneal injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine resulted in a lower severity of intra‐abdominal side effects than the vegetable oil‐based vaccine. Intramuscular injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine resulted in a significantly higher antibody response against A. salmonicida when compared to controls and the vegetable oil‐based vaccine group. The antibody response was poor against V. anguillarum and M. viscosa for all groups. Our results indicate that intramuscular injection of oil‐based vaccines might be feasible for providing immunological protection for Atlantic lumpfish against bacterial diseases, especially atypical A. salmonicida, but more work is required to identity optimal adjuvants.     

Effects of Different Adjuvants on the Immunogenicity of PCV2-Cap Protein

The study was aimed to prepare vaccines with different adjuvants,and research its effects on immunogenicity.The PCV2 Cap gene with its signal peptide removed was connected to pET-28a vector,and then was induced to express,using sodium deoxycholate（DOC）and low concentration of urea to dissolve the inclusion body.Different adjuvants,such as alum-based adjuvants,liposome adjuvants,propolis adjuvants,white oil adjuvants and Freund adjuvant were prepared,together with protein purified to make up subunit vaccines,and commercial inactivated vaccine as positive control,immuning mice,and ELISA method were used to detect changes in concentrations of animal serum antibody and cytokines,evaluated the immune protective effect.Results showed that the expression product in the form of inclusion body,using the DOC could omit dissolving inclusion body protein renaturation steps,and the purification method was simple,the capsid protein obtained had high purity.ELISA assays showed that PCV2-Cap had good immunogenicity.And we found that the water system adjuvants had high immune activity,this could provide important previous experimental data for the commercialization of the subunit vaccine.