免疫方式对Iss抗体产生的影响

为获得抗大肠杆菌Iss蛋白的抗体,将纯化的GST-Iss蛋白分别免疫雏鸡及小鼠。结果显示,无免疫佐剂、弗氏佐剂免疫雏鸡所产生的Iss抗血清效价仅为1∶100,氢氧化铝佐剂免疫小鼠所产生的Iss抗血清效价为1∶60 000。Iss融合蛋白采用氢氧化铝佐剂免疫小鼠,可获得更强的体液免疫应答,抗体效价更高。     

大豆田应用杰效利助剂对农药效果的影响试验总结

在草害药剂中加入杰效利农药助剂防除豆田杂草,结果表明:18%耕田易乳油2.7L/hm2(正常用量)+杰效利助剂5mL、18%耕田易乳油(正常用量)和8%耕田易乳油(正常用量4/5)+杰效利助剂5mL,三个处理的综合株防效和产量均好于其他处理,防效分别为84.1%、81.9%和79.0%,较对照分别增产12.9%、12.1%和9.8%。由此可见杰效利助剂对提高农药防除杂草的效果是有一定作用的,但它的作用达不到使农药的剂量减少20%。     

甲酯化油助剂对氯虫苯甲酰胺在甘蓝叶片上沉积的影响

室内模拟研究了5种自制甲酯化油类助剂与氯虫苯甲酰胺喷雾液桶混对其物理性状及在甘蓝叶片上沉积的影响。结果表明,供试5种助剂均可不同程度降低药液的表面张力及缩短药液干燥时间,并增加氯虫苯甲酰胺在甘蓝叶片上的最大持留量及抗雨水冲刷力,增强农药的渗透性。花生油酸甲酯助剂(MPOA)对药液喷雾性能改良作用最为明显。添加0.02%的MPOA可降低药液表面张力28%左右,甘蓝叶片最大持留量增加约4倍,而且可大大增强药剂的渗透性。     

Optimizing the performance of diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop-propargyl on littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor) and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) control with adjuvants

Optimizing the herbicide dose by the addition of adjuvants is an acceptable way to reduce the risk of side-effects from herbicides. Therefore, to detect a suitable adjuvant for diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop-propargyl against littleseed canarygrass ( Phalaris minor ) and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana ), six dose–response experiments were conducted. The treatments consisted of diclofop-methyl at 0, 112, 225, 450, 675, and 900 g ai ha⁻¹, cycloxydim at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g ai ha⁻¹, and clodinafop-propargyl at 0, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 64 g ai ha⁻¹ with and without the adjuvants of Frigate, olive oil, and castor oil at 0.2% (v/v) in order to control both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. Tested herbicides performance was enhanced by all adjuvants against littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils. A comparison between the two vegetable oils revealed that olive oil exerted a greater control of littleseed canarygrass than did the castor oil. In contrast, castor oil exerted a greater control of wild oat than did the olive oil, which can be related to differences in the leaf surface micromorphology of the weeds.     

Cornstar 35WG防除夏玉米田杂草的药效与安全性研究

2003～2004年对Cornstar 35WG加助剂Biopower防除玉米田一年生杂草进行了田间研究,结果表明,Cornstar 35WG主要以杂草叶片吸收并在体内进行传导,根系也能吸收传导,对优势杂草马唐等一年生杂草防效优异,105～135 g/hm2对一年生禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在95%以上,对总草的株防效和鲜重防效也在90%以上,所有用量下玉米生长无异常,说明Cornstar对玉米是安全的。因此认为Cornstar35WG在玉米5～6叶,杂草3～5叶时用Cornstar35WG105～120g/hm2(ai.36.75～42g/hm2)+Biopower900ml/hm2,对水450～600 kg/hm2进行茎叶喷雾处理,可有效地防除玉米田一年生杂草。     

DNA疫苗佐剂研究进展

DNA疫苗是近年来发展较为迅速的一类生物制剂,它能诱导动物机体产生持久的体液免疫和细胞免疫,其在抗病毒、细菌和寄生虫的感染方面起到了重要作用。但与传统的灭活疫苗相比,其免疫效果并不理想。为了攻克DNA疫苗免疫效力低下的难题,一些学者已经研制了多种佐剂制品,以提高DNA疫苗对动物疾病免疫保护的能力。文章对使用佐剂提高DNA疫苗免疫效力进行了综述。     

奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌乳房炎菌苗佐剂研究现状

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的重要致病菌。近年来 ,科学工作者对于预防奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌乳房炎的疫苗进行了大量研究 ,但由于金黄色葡萄球菌存在着荚膜的原因 ,疫苗效果不理想 ,需要佐剂提高疫苗的免疫原性。目前研究的佐剂主要有弗氏佐剂、氢氧化铝、细胞因子、微球、人参提取物及其皂甙Rb1等。其中弗氏佐剂、氢氧化铝容易引起局部副作用使其应用受到限制 ,而细胞因子、微球和人参皂甙等佐剂因其效果确实 ,安全性好值得应用推广。     

皂甙QuilA及其单体成分的免疫佐剂作用

皂甙 Quil A及其单体成分是南美奎拉雅属皂树皮提取物。研究发现其能够与细胞膜上的胆固醇形成复合物 ,是抗原强有力的佐剂。机理包括 :诱导产生特异性 MHCI抗原限制性CTL ;诱导产生多种细胞因子 ,如 IL -1 0、IL -4、γ-IFN、IL -2、IL -8;提高动物机体对抗原的特异性抗体的水平 ,刺激产生 Ig G1、Ig G2 b和 Ig G2 a抗体亚类。皂甙发挥佐剂活性的特点是诱导一个平衡的 Th1 / Th2反应 ,T细胞依赖性和缺乏全身性作用。目前已在实验室应用于多种疫苗的研究 ,具有广阔的前景     

Adjuvanted Outer Membrane Protein Vaccine Protects Poultry against Infection with Salmonella enteritidis

The immunogenicity of a sonicated extract (SE) and of outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Salmonella enteritidis was tested in birds of about 8 weeks of age. The dose, route of vaccination and the adjuvant used varied in different groups of birds. Two vaccine doses with or without adjuvant were given parenterally or orally 3 weeks apart. OMP vaccines gave significantly higher antibody titres than SE vaccines, as indicated by ELISA. The vaccines adjuvanted with oil produced higher antibody titres than those without any adjuvant. A dose of 1 mg of vaccine produced higher antibody titres than 0.5 mg of vaccine. Adjuvanted vaccine given subcutaneously elicited higher antibody responses than oral vaccines given without adjuvant. The birds were challenged with virulent S. enteritidis organisms at the end of the second week after a booster dose. None of the birds given 1 mg of OMP vaccine subcutaneously shed the organisms when tested by culturing cloacal swabs, although a few birds vaccinated with 0.5 mg of OMP vaccine did so. In general, adjuvanted OMP vaccines gave better protection than SE vaccines.     

Antibody Response in Goats Vaccinated with Liposome-adjuvanted Clostridium perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxoid

A trial was performed using 20 goats to evaluate the antibody responses to a liposome-adjuvanted Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxoid vaccine (LIPV). The antibody response was compared with those produced by epsilon toxoid vaccines prepared using aluminium hydroxide (ALV) and incomplete Freud's adjuvant (FAV). The animals were allocated to four groups at the beginning of the trial. The animals in group 1 were vaccinated with ALV, while the animals in group 2 received FAV and those in groups 3 and 4 were vaccinated with LIPV. The animals in groups 1 to 3 received three doses of the corresponding vaccine at intervals of three weeks, while those in group 4 received only 1 dose of vaccine at the beginning of the trial. A blood sample was obtained from all the goats at the beginning of the trial and then weekly for 8 weeks. The samples were analysed for epsilon toxoid antibodies by an indirect ELISA technique. No major clinical abnormalities were observed in the animals after vaccination, with the exception of those that received the FAV, which experienced transient lameness. The highest antibody response was observed in the animals vaccinated with FAV, but they presented moderate to severe inflammatory tissue reactions at the injection site. Moderately high antibody responses were obtained with the ALV, with which only minor local reactions were observed. No significant antibody responses were obtained with the LIPV, nor were local reactions observed.