猪δ冠状病毒TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

本研究旨在建立一种灵敏、快速检测猪δ冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法。参照GenBank中PDCoV有关基因序列,设计一对特异性引物用于扩增PDCoV M 基因。将测序正确的基因片段克隆入pMD18-T载体,构建重组质粒作为建立标准曲线的病毒模板。设计合成一对特异性引物与TaqMan探针,进行反应条件和反应体系的优化,建立快速检测PDCoV的TaqMan实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,并进行该方法的灵敏性、特异性与重复性验证。结果表明,该方法能有效扩增1.0×10^1 ~1.0×10^9 拷贝·μL^-1 的PDCoV标准质粒,建立的标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系。该方法的检测灵敏度为1.0×10^1 拷贝·μL^-1;对猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒等病原不发生交叉反应,具有很好的特异性;重复性试验结果显示变异系数(CV)小于1%,重复性良好。对2017—2018年期间收集的河南省不同猪场的100份腹泻病料进行检测,PDCoV的阳性检出率为23%(23/100),与PDCoV SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的符合率为100%。人工感染PDCoV的仔猪,取攻毒后不同时间的粪便样品,应用本研究建立方法与常规RT-PCR方法对样品进行检测,TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的灵敏度远远优于常规RT-PCR。上述结果表明,本研究所建立的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法能够灵敏、特异地检测PDCoV,可用于临床PDCoV的检测。     

伪狂犬病病毒野毒株与gE基因缺失疫苗株TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR鉴别方法的建立

为实现对伪狂犬病病毒（pseudorabies virus,PRV）野毒株与gE基因缺失疫苗株的快速、敏感、特异的鉴别诊断,本试验针对PRV gD和gE基因设计了2套特异性引物和TaqMan探针,建立了PRV野毒株与gE基因缺失疫苗株的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR鉴别方法,对引物和探针浓度、退火温度等进行了优化,对方法进行敏感性、特异性、重复性试验,并进行临床样品检测。结果显示,建立的针对gD、gE基因的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法线性相关系数（R²）分别为0.996和0.980,均呈良好的线性关系;检测限分别为39.4和12.1拷贝/μL;与圆环病毒2型、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒均无交叉反应;重复性试验结果显示,针对gD基因的批内和批间变异系数分别为1.43%~1.86%、1.10%~2.07%,针对gE基因的批内和批间变异系数分别为0.98%~1.41%、1.12%~1.86%。应用建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR与普通PCR分别对11份临床疑似感染样品进行检测,阳性率分别为36.4%和27.3%。结果表明,该方法敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好,可作为伪狂犬病病毒野毒株与gE基因缺失疫苗株的早期鉴别诊断和定量检测的有效手段。     

棉花根系分泌物对枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株趋化性的影响

 枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株在不同棉花品种根际定殖能力表现不同,在感黄萎病品种冀棉11根际的定殖能力最强,而在耐病品种中棉所41根际的定殖能力最弱。本研究收集了5个不同棉花品种的根系分泌物,测定了NCD-2菌株对根系分泌物的趋化作用,结果表明NCD-2菌株对冀棉11根系分泌物的趋化作用最强,而对中棉所41根系分泌物的趋化作用最差。通过柱前衍生高效液相色谱法(AccQ-Tag-HPLC)测定了根系分泌物中氨基酸的成分及含量,结果表明不同氨基酸在不同棉花品种中含量不同。冀棉11的根系分泌物中氨基酸种类最多,可达17种。在中棉所41的根系分泌物中氨基酸种类最少且大多数氨基酸含量均为最低。测定了NCD-2菌株对14种氨基酸标准品的趋化性,结果表明NCD-2菌株对精氨酸(Arg)、丙氨酸(Ala)和赖氨酸(Lys)趋化性最强,但对甘氨酸(Gly)呈现负趋化性。RT-qPCR试验表明冀棉11的根系分泌物可提高cheA和cheD基因在NCD-2菌株中的表达量。室内防治试验表明,NCD-2菌株对冀棉11黄萎病的防效最好,防治效果可达到66.68%。本研究明确了棉花根系分泌物中氨基酸对NCD-2菌株趋化性的影响,该菌株在棉花根际定殖能力与棉花根系分泌物中氨基酸对本菌株的趋化性相一致。     

Improved detection and identification of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum and the Port Orford cedar root pathogen Phytophthora lateralis

Early detection provides the best way to prevent introduction and establishment of alien plant pathogens. Amplification of DNA by PCR has revolutionized the detection and monitoring of plant pathogens. Most of those assays rely on the amplification of a fraction of the genome of the targeted species. With the availability of whole genomes for a growing number of fungi and oomycetes it is becoming possible to compare genomes and discover regions that are unique to a target organism. This study has applied this pipeline to develop a set of hierarchical TaqMan real-time PCR detection assays targeting DNA of all four Phytophthora ramorum lineages, and a closely related species, P. lateralis. Nine assays were generated: three targeting DNA of all P. ramorum lineages, one for each lineage of P. ramorum, one for P. lateralis and one targeting DNA of P. ramorum and P. lateralis. These assays were very accurate and sensitive, ranging from 98.7% to 100% detection accuracy of 2–10 gene copies of the targeted taxa from pure cultures or inoculated tissues. This level of sensitivity is within the lowest theoretical limit of detection of DNA. It is expected that these assays will be useful because of their high level of specificity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed because of the inherent flexibility in primer and probe design afforded by their lack of conservation in non-target species.     

TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank公布的鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒六邻体蛋白基因的高度保守序列,设计了2对特异性引物和1条TaqMan探针.以构建的阳性重组质粒为标准品,绘制标准曲线,建立了一种快速检测鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒的TaqMan荧光实时定量PCR方法.该方法最小检出量达10 copies·μL-1,在1.0×102～1.0×108copies· μL-1检测范围间有良好的线性关系,特异性、稳定性和重复性也较好.用建立的本方法检测感染鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒鸡群的产蛋分离物,与普通PCR相比,该荧光实时定量PCR方法具有更高的敏感性,可更好地用于鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒的临床检测.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒TaqMan real-time PCR检测方法的建立

为建立鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)TaqMan Real-time PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的ILTV gB基因序列设计了2对引物与一条特异性TaqMan探针,通过对反应体系和反应条件的优化,特异性、敏感性以及重复性试验,证明该方法在核酸含量108拷贝/μL～101拷贝/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系;能够检测初始模板中10-3EID50的病毒核酸及16拷贝的标准品;与其它相关的鸡源病毒均无交叉反应,并且批内、批间变异系数均小于2%,具有良好的重复性。该检测方法的建立为ILTV的临床检测和定量分析提供了一种快速、准确的技术手段。     

基于TaqMan MGB探针的李痘病毒分子检测

李痘病毒(Plum pox virus,PPV)是我国对外检疫性有害生物。研究根据该病毒不同分离株外壳蛋白(coatprotein,CP)基因的保守序列,设计了特异性引物与荧光探针,建立了基于TaqMan MGB分子探针的PPV实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法。方法特异性研究表明,针对PPV的2个主要流行株系M株系与D株系,均能够得到典型扩增曲线,Ct值分别为14.96和18.22;而对于马铃薯Y病毒、李属坏死环斑病毒以及桃丛簇花叶病毒等其他毒株则没有典型扩增曲线,也无Ct值。灵敏度比较发现,该方法比双抗体夹心酶联免疫检测方法的灵敏度提高1000倍,具有快速、灵敏和高特异性的优点,适合对PPV的检测。     

猪圆环病毒Ⅰ型荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

以定量的10倍系列稀释的质量pMD-ORF2为标准品进行荧光定量PCR扩增,建立了PCV1检测的荧光定量PCR方法.结果表明该方法检测灵敏度可达1.0×104拷贝/μL,线性范围为1010～101;对起始浓度为1.0X107、1.0×106、1.0×106拷贝/μL的标准品的最终实际测得值分别为1.001×107、0.869×106和0.988×105拷贝/μL,变异系数分别为4.758%、1.865%和3.836%,说明此方法具有良好的准确性和重现性.对阳性组织病料的检测表明该方法的检测灵敏度高出常规PCR,与套式PCR(nPCR)具有相近的灵敏度.     

How molecular methods change our views of FeLV infection and vaccination

FeLV was discovered 40 years ago and vaccines have been commercially available for almost two decades. So far, most FeLV pathogenesis and vaccine studies were conducted assaying parameters, such as virus isolation and antigen detection. Accordingly, regressive infection was characterized by transient or undetectable viremia, while persistent viremia is typically observed in cats with progressive infection. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, the spectrum of host response categories to FeLV infection was recently refined by investigating proviral and plasma viral RNA loads. Cats believed to be immune to FeLV infection were found to turn provirus-positive after virus exposure. Moreover, efficacious FeLV vaccines were found unable to prevent provirus-integration and minimal viral replication. Remarkably, no difference was found in initial proviral and plasma viral RNA loads between cats with different infection outcomes. Only subsequently, the infection outcome is associated with FeLV loads. FeLV provirus was found to persist for years; reoccurrence of viremia and disease development was observed in some cats. Thus, aviremic provirus-positive cats are FeLV carriers and, following reactivation, may act as an infection source. However, integrated viral DNA may also be essential for solid protection and long-lasting maintenance of protective immunity. In conclusion, real-time TaqMan PCR and RT-PCR assays are highly sensitive and specific. They yield a more sensitive measure for FeLV exposure than antigen detection, virus isolation or immunofluoresence assays. We recommend the use of real-time PCR assays to identify FeLV exposed cats, particularly in catteries, and investigate obscure clinical cases that may be FeLV-associated. The use of sensitive molecular methods will contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the FeLV pathogenesis.