添喂气溶胶OT对小尾寒羊采食和消化代谢的影响

利用6只1.0~1.5岁、体重(55.3±3.8)kg、装置永久性十二指肠和回肠瘘管的小尾寒羊公羊,收集十二指肠和回肠食糜试验的同时,进行消化代谢试验,研究在粗料型日粮(玉米秸秆67%)和精料型日粮(玉米秸秆30%)条件下添喂气溶胶OT(0.8 g/kg日粮)对绵羊自由采食和整体消化代谢的影响。结果表明,在粗料型日粮条件下添喂气溶胶OT,绵羊的干物质自由采食量增加30.7%(P0.01),干物质、有机物、粗蛋白(表观)消化率分别提高6.8%(P0.05),7.6%(P0.05),7.9%(P0.05),氮、钙和磷保留量分别增加49.1%(P0.01),30.8%(P0.01),53.4%(P0.01);在精料型日粮条件下添喂气溶胶OT,绵羊的干物质自由采食量增加23.7%(P0.01),绵羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白(表观)消化率分别提高3.4%(P0.05),4.1%(P0.05),7.7%(P0.05),氮、钙和磷保留量分别增加29.5%(P0.01),49.3%(P0.01),24.2%(P0.01)。添喂气溶胶OT可以提高绵羊自由采食量,提高消化率,增加氮保留,这种作用在粗料型日粮条件下更显著。     

添喂气溶胶OT对小尾寒羊及策勒黑羊消化代谢的影响

选取平均体重分别为（48.5±2.1）,（47.6±3.2）kg的2.5~3.5岁空怀小尾寒羊和新疆策勒黑羊母羊各6只,自由采食粉碎玉米秸秆占70%的粗料型日粮,以自身对照设计,比较添喂气溶胶OT（0.8 g/kg日粮）对小尾寒羊、策勒黑羊消化代谢的影响。结果表明,添喂气溶胶后小尾寒羊和策勒黑羊的干物质自由采食量分别提高25.2%（P〈0.01）和25.3%（P〈0.01）;干物质表观消化率分别降低12.0%（P〉0.05）和8.3%（P〉0.05）;有机物表观消化率分别降低7.9%（P〉0.05）和6.6%（P〉0.05）;粗蛋白表观消化率分别降低3.2%（P〈0.05）和4.3%（P〉0.05）;能量表观消化率分别降低12.0%（P〉0.05）和8.3%（P〉0.05）;纤维素消化率分别提高1.1%（P〉0.05）和2.3%（P〉0.05）;半纤维素消化率分别提高2.3%（P〉0.05）和6.2%（P〉0.05）;氮保留分别增加13.7%（P〉0.05）和11.1%（P〉0.05）;钙保留分别增加25.2%（P〈0.01）和21.2%（P〈0.05）;磷保留分别增加24.3%（P〈0.05）和18.2%（P〉0.05）。添喂气溶胶OT可提高绵羊自由采食量和消化量,改善绵羊的消化代谢,但在小尾寒羊和新疆策勒黑羊母羊间没有显著差异。     

ICP-MS法测定沙棘果油中13种微量元素含量

沙棘果油样品经微波消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定所得样品溶液中铁、硒、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、锰、铅、砷、汞、镉等13种微量元素的含量。使用动态反应池技术消除了多原子离子对部分被测元素的干扰。方法快速准确、灵敏度高,加标回收率在96.1%～101%之间,相对标准偏差小于3%。     

农业有机废弃物两相厌氧消化影响因素的稳定性调控

两相厌氧消化工艺受产氢调酸、反应温度、底物滞留时间、活性污泥的形成及其颗粒化程度调控,其工艺参数的选取直接关系到系统运行的成败和处理效果的优劣。     

莫能菌素对牛日粮养分代谢和甲烷排放的影响

为研究莫能菌素饲喂肉牛后对日粮养分消化代谢及瘤胃甲烷排放的影响,选用12月龄左右、健康、发育正常的西门塔尔牛48头,按随机设计分成4组,对照组试验牛饲喂由混合精料与玉米秸秆所组成的基础饲粮,其精粗比45∶55,处理1、处理2和处理3组分别在基础日粮基础上添加100、200和300 mg·d-1的莫能菌素,进行为期70 d的试验。结果表明,处理2和处理3的粗蛋白消化率和采食氮显著高于对照组(P0.05),甲烷能显著低于对照组(P0.05);处理2和处理3的粪氮和尿氮显著低于对照组和处理1(P0.05),而可消化氮和沉积氮显著高于对照组和处理1(P0.05);处理组的氮排泄/采食氮、磷排泄/采食磷显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综合以上各项指标,当莫能菌素的添加量为300 mg·d-1时,日粮中粗蛋白的消化率、氮利用率提高,氮、磷和甲烷排放降低。     

Effect of physical training on nutrient digestibility and faecal fermentative parameters in Standardbred horses

This study aimed at evaluating, in previously inactive Standardbreds horses, the effect of 5 weeks of an exercise training programme on nutrient digestibility and faecal fermentative parameters (FFPs). As an increase in digestibility had previously been reported in trained endurance horses, we hypothesized that similar results would be found in horses being trained for other types of exercise on a different type of diet. After 3 weeks of dietary adaptation, a digestibility trial (DT1) was undertaken, over 3 days, in eight untrained Standardbreds with a fresh faecal sample being collected on the second day for FFP determinations. Six of the eight horses undertook a training programme, and after 5 weeks of exercise, the DT and the FFP measurements were then repeated (DT2). DT2 began after 3 days of inactivity. The same natural meadow hay (H) and pelleted complementary feed (CF) were fed throughout. For 5 days before the DTs, horses were fed 2.1% BW on a dry matter basis (55:45 ratio H:CF). Body weight and body condition score remained constant. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose, crude protein and gross energy, as well as faecal total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate and propionate concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher at DT2 than at DT1. A 5‐week exercise programme had a positive impact on nutrient digestibility and FFP. Training may improve dietary energy supply, in particular via increased hindgut VFA production. The potential improvement of digestive efficiency with training should be taken into account when formulating nutritional recommendations for the exercising horse, particularly when performing light work, which is low‐intensity exercise for 1–3 h per week.     

The effect of mixing and changing the order of feeding oats and chopped alfalfa to horses on: glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, and breath hydrogen and methane production

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding oats alone before or after feeding chopped alfalfa or, in admixture with the alfalfa on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of horses as well as post-prandial breath hydrogen and methane excretion. Horses were fed in a randomized order, chopped alfalfa as a source of dietary fibre and unprocessed oats as a source of starch. Chopped alfalfa intake was adjusted to a crude fibre intake of 0.5 g/kg bodyweight (BW) per meal and the oats intake was adjusted to a starch intake of 2 g/kg BW per meal. The feeds were offered in three different ways: (i) alfalfa followed by oats (A/O), (ii) oats followed by alfalfa (O/A) or (iii) a mixture of alfalfa and oats (A + O). Oats alone were used as a control. Blood and breath were collected after the test meal was fed at the end of a 11.5-h overnight fast following a 10-day acclimatization period. The highest glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were measured when the A/O and O/A diets orders were fed, whereas most hydrogen was produced after feeding oats alone. It was concluded that adding alfalfa chaff to a meal of oats prolonged the pre-caecal digestion of starch, but there was no evidence for any effect on pre-caecal starch digestibility.     

饲粮蛋白质水平对重庆黑山羊消化代谢的影响

以5月龄左右重庆黑山羊为试验动物,配制了粗蛋白质水平分别为8.23%、10.42%和12.52%的饲粮,进行了消化代谢试验和瘤胃降解试验。结果表明:随着饲粮中粗蛋白质水平的提高,各组间的干物质消化率、粗蛋白质消化率、氮沉积率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤纤维消化率、粗纤维消化率之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。随着饲粮中粗蛋白质水平的提高,瘤胃内中性洗涤纤维的降解率在各个时间点变化不明显(P>0.05);酸性洗涤纤维的降解率在6h及以前降低(P<0.05),之后接近;干物质的降解率在6h及以前提高(P<0.05),之后接近;有机物的降解率在6h提高(P<0.05),之后接近;粗蛋白质降解率在12h及以前提高(P<0.05),之后接近。     

脂肪对奶牛采食量及瘤胃消化的影响

随着人们对脂肪营养和生理功能认识的深入,多种脂肪产品用于高产奶牛生产中,大量试验结果证明,日粮中添加脂肪对奶牛采食量和瘤胃消化具有影响,作者综述了日粮脂肪在瘤胃内的代谢、日粮中添加脂肪对脂肪酸、干物质、碳水化合物、粗纤维和粗蛋白质采食量和瘤胃消化影响的研究进展。     

反刍动物饲料氨基酸在小肠中消化的研究进展

反刍动物饲料蛋白质进入小肠,被降解为可吸收氨基酸或可吸收肽,最终以氨基酸或肽的形式被吸收或利用。作者对小肠氨基酸的来源、需要量、吸收和供应模式的调控进行了综述。并对今后反刍动物氨基酸营养研究进行了展望。