The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

肉碱对中华鳖脂肪代谢的影响

选用1 170只211日龄中华鳖进行养殖试验,研究不同剂量(0,50,100 mg/kg)的l-肉碱对中华鳖脂肪代谢的影响. 通过解剖取样测定肝脏、四肢肌肉和脂肪块的脂肪代谢酶活性及肌细胞内脂肪酸β-氧化反应等生化指标,探讨其作用机理. 结果表明,在饲料中添加100 mg/kg l-肉碱显著降低了中华鳖四肢的脂肪沉积量的27.11%(P<0.01),肝脏和脂肪中的苹果酸脱氢酶及脂肪中激素敏感脂酶总活力分别提高了24.32%(P<0.01)、32.22%(P<0.01)和14.88%(P<0.05),肌肉和脂肪中脂蛋白脂酶总活力分别提高了27.08%(P<0.01)和13.18%(P<0.05),肌肉中游离肉碱、总酸不溶肉碱含量分别升高了16.92%(P<0.01)和38.24%(P<0.01).     

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Seromonitoring Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Using Recombinant Lipoprotein LppQ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides SC as Antigen

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides SC （MmmSC） is the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia （CBPP）. The lipoprotein LppQ encoded by lppQ gene is specific to MmmSC and is found in the type strain and in field strains isolated in Europe, Africa, and Australia, as well as in vaccine strains. No serological cross-reactions were observed with the related mycoplasmas of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. The N-terminal domain of the mature lipoprotein LppQ is hydrophilic, and it induces a strong, specific, early, and persistent immune response in naturally and experimentally infected animals. Mycoplasma-specific TGA （Trp） codons are utilized as stop codons in most other organisms. The lppQ N-terminal fragment from MmmSC HVRI X strain, the Chinese strain for CF antigen production, was mutated with one-step overlapping extension PCR. Sequence analysis confirmed the successful mutation from A to G in codon 198 in the lppQ gene. The fragment containing the mutation site was subcloned into the pET32a expression vector. The recombinant protein with molecular weight of 42 kDa was purified using the Ni-NTA His.Bind purification kit, with a purity of up to 95%. Western blot indicated that the standard positive serum of CBPP could react with the recombinant protein. The purified protein was diluted to 0.35 μg mL^-1, and coated to microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） plates. Indirect ELISA reaction conditions were optimized. The value of P/N was determined to be 4.8 （0.934/0.193）, the sensitivity to be 95.8% （46/48）, and the specificity to be 98.9% （161/163）. 3 817 cattle serum samples from three different provinces were detected by the indirect ELISA and CFT. The Kappa value is 0.63, which is middle or high agreement between the two methods.     

鹅LPL基因外显子4、5、6克隆及序列分析

为揭示鹅脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)脂质和肝素结合区域的特性,对鹅LPL基因外显子4~6进行了克隆和序列分析。以皖西白鹅血清总DNA为模板,设计引物对鹅LPL基因的第4~6外显子区域进行扩增和测序,分析鹅与其他物种之间该区域的DNA序列同源性、密码子非随机应用以及相应氨基酸残基区域的亲水性。结果表明,鹅LPL基因外显子4~6的片段大小分别为112、234和243 bp,其序列与鸡LPL基因相应序列的同源性达到91.9%,与人、羊、牛、猪等哺乳动物的同源性为74%~77%;鹅与鸡密码子非随机应用的相似系数为0.839,与猪和鼠的相似系数为0.580~0.650;LPL中由外显子4~6编码的氨基酸残基有4个区域具有较大的表面概率,分别位于残基145~148、残基187~190、残基255~257和残基293~299区域,表面概率分别1.62~4.29、2.06~3.01、2.75~4.46和3.03~6.01,这些区域伴随有较强的亲水性。     

血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度的双向选择对肉鸡腹脂、肝脂和产肉性能的影响

对零世代８周龄血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度进行降低腹脂的间接选择，一世代取得了明显效果：腹脂和肝脂向两极分化，其中肌胃脂和肝脂选择反应较大。低血浆ＶＬＤＬ的选择使腹脂降低，肝脂增加，对产肉性状未产生不利影响。９周龄腹脂率、板油率和肌胃脂率在高ＶＬＤＬ系分别高于低ＶＬＤＬ系２１％，１６％和５１％；肌胃脂率品系间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。品系与性别互作对肌胃脂率有明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。腹脂、肌胃脂存在性别差异，腹脂率雌性略高于雄性，而肌胃脂率雄性高于雌性。９周龄肝脂率，高ＶＬＤＬ系显著低于低ＶＬＤＬ系（Ｐ＜０．０１），雌性高于雄性。一世代８周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ产生了直接选择反应，血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度，高ＶＬＤＬ系高于低ＶＬＤＬ系。血浆ＶＬＤＬ存在性别差异，雄性高于雌性。一世代高、低ＶＬＤＬ系血浆ＶＬＤＬ和腹脂的变异系数仍然很大，继续对其选择仍然有效。由于血浆ＶＬＤＬ属中等遗传力，并且家系间差异显著，因此，在世代选育中应采取家系结合个体选择法     

Congenital lipoprotein lipase deficiency in hyperlipemic kitten siblings.

The nature of the hyperlipemia in two 3-week-old male kittens, one of which was presented with the owner's complaints of retarded growth and white streaks on its eyes, was studied. Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and reduced Post-Heparin Plasma Lipolytic Activities (PHPLA) were observed in both animals. One of the kittens, however, was more severely affected and in addition, had lipemia retinalis and a marked lactescent, hyperchylomicronemic serum in spite of a short-term fast before sampling. These findings are strikingly similar to those found in human Type I hyperlipoproteinemia due to familial Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) deficiency. Diagnosis of persistent hyperlipemic syndromes in kittens should include the possibility of LPL deficiency as determined by PHPLA measurements.     

黄酮类化合物影响卵磷脂的研究进展

黄酮类化合物对机体有重要生理功能,能促进机体脂质代谢、提高免疫功能、改善生产性能,是一类具有广阔发展前景的新型饲料添加剂。本文综述了蛋黄卵磷脂在肝脏中合成过程和转运途径,探讨黄酮类化合物能够提高蛋黄卵磷脂含量的可能性。     

Comparison of cholesterol levels among lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in periparturient Holstein–Friesian dairy cows

Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease.     

饥饿和重摄食对鲤鱼脂蛋白脂肪酶活性的影响

采用对硝基苯酚法测定正常摄食、饥饿(14 d)和重摄食(3 d)状态下鲤鱼不同组织和器官中脂肪酶及脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoproteinlipase,LPL)的活性。结果显示:与正常摄食相比,饥饿鲤鱼肌肉、脂肪和心脏中脂肪酶比活力显著下降(P0.05),但脂肪和心脏中LPL比活力显著升高(P0.05);除脂肪中LPL外,重摄食3d的鲤鱼各组织和器官中脂肪酶和LPL比活力比正常摄食和饥饿鲤鱼均显著升高(P0.05),有明显的补偿作用。     

中药复方对保育阶段仔猪血清中胆固醇与脂蛋白的影响

[目的]在基础日粮的水平上添加中药复方,纯中药全程饲喂,对保育阶段仔猪血清中胆固醇和脂蛋白含量进行测定,为该中药复方对保育阶段仔猪增强机体抵抗力,降低抗生素在畜牧业的应用,形成质量可靠的“无抗”猪肉提供帮助。[方法]试验选用80头（28±2）日龄、体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加1.5%、1.0%和0.5%的中药复方,试验期4周。试验结束第2天上午9：00空腹,前腔静脉采血,进行全血血常规指标测定。[结果]与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶含量均有升高,其中,添加0.5%中药复方组与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中高密度脂蛋白含量均有升高,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,各中药复方添加组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中低密度脂蛋白含量均有所下降,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,其中,添加0.5%中药复方组与对照组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中三酰甘油含量均有下降,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,各中药复方添加组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。[结论]在基础日粮中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶含量、高密度脂蛋白含量均有升高;保育仔猪血清中低密度脂蛋白含量、三酰甘油含量均有降低。