我国棉花纤维品质存在的问题及解决途径

根据棉纺织工业发展对原棉品质的多层次要求,指出我国棉花品种品质不足主要是纤维长度类型单一、强度偏小、麦克隆值稍大,还有栽培、加工等方面的影响。提出以加强纤维品质为核心的新品种选育,改进栽培措施等解决途径。     

苎麻种质资源纤维结晶度变异及其主要品质性状的关联性研究

从国家苎麻种质长沙苎麻圃中选择有代表性的55个苎麻品种为材料．用X射线衍射法测定苎麻精干麻的结晶度。用面积法计算各个品种的结晶度,分析苎麻纤维结晶度及其与主要纤维品质性状的相关性。研究结果如下：苎麻品种问纤维结晶度有显著性差异。55个苎麻品种纤维结晶度平均值变幅在69％-73％之间,变异系数为0．9769％,纤维结晶度最低是川苎二号。其值为69．03％,最高是印尼麻,其值为72．31％。同一品种的不同季别的苎麻纤维结晶度有一定的差异。二麻结晶度最低,与头麻、三麻之间有显著性差异;同一品种苎麻不同收获期、不同部位纤维结晶度有差异。品种中苎一号、圆叶青和NC01在1／3黑杆时期的纤维结晶度与1／3黑杆前的纤维结晶度有显著性差异,1/3黑杆前收获可显著降低结晶度,但是会降低苎麻的产量：1／2黑杆时期后的结晶度值无显著性差异,结晶度值趋于稳定;苎麻纤维结晶度与断裂强力呈极显著负相关。相关系数为-0．39526＊＊（n=55）;苎麻纤维结晶度与纤维细度呈显著正相关,相关系数为O．31363＊（n=55）。     

棉花分子遗传图谱构建和纤维品质性状QTL分析

以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)中棉所8号和海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense L.) Pima90-53组配衍生的214个单株的F₂群体为材料,构建了包含110个SSR标记和65个AFLP标记的遗传连锁图谱。该图谱共包括42个连锁群,连锁群长度为4.5~147.3 cM,包括2~22个分子标记,标记间平均距离为11.6 cM,总长为2 030 cM,约占棉花全基因组的40.6%。应用复合区间作图法分析该组合的F₂单株和F_2:3家系纤维品质性状,共得到25个纤维品质数量性状基因座(QTL),其中5个与纤维长度相关s,分布在Chr.21、Chr.15、LG2和LG12上,可解释表型变异的10.2%~35.8%;4个与整齐度相关,分布在Chr.21、LG9、LG18和LG12上,可解释表型变异的12.6%~36.6%;7个与马克隆值相关,分布在Chr.9、LG1、LG9、LG20和LG12上,可解释表型变异的11.5%~26.1%;7个与断裂比强度相关,分布在Chr.21、Chr12、Chr.8、LG1、LG4和LG10上,可解释表型变异的16.5%~52.8%;2个与伸长率相关,分布在Chr.9和Chr.21上,可解释表型变异的18.1%和27.1%。LG9、LG12和Chr.21上存在QTL聚集区。     

棉纤维发育相关基因时空表达与纤维品质的关联分析

以14个纤维品质差异的棉花品种(或品系)为材料,研究10个纤维发育相关基因时空表达变化与纤维品质的关系,为阐明棉纤维发育相关基因与纤维品质形成关系提供理论基础。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测10个基因在14个供试品种(或品系)不同纤维发育时期的相对表达量,结果表明,虽然遗传背景完全不同,但它们具有某些共同表达特征。GhExp1、GhCIPK1、GhSus1、GhSusA1和GhPL这5个基因都是在纤维伸长期优势表达;GhACT1、GhRacA和GhRacB是在纤维伸长前期和次生壁加厚期高表达;而GhCelA1和GhcelA3是在纤维伸长后期和次生壁加厚期优势表达。这些基因表达谱与纤维品质关联分析显示,GhRacA在23DPA高表达且表达量与纤维品质显著正相关,其余基因在低表达时其表达量与纤维品质呈显著性相关,而在高表达时其表达量与纤维品质无相关性。GhExp1在20DPA的表达量与纤维比强度和整齐度呈显著负相关,与伸长率呈极显著正相关;GhPL在23DPA的表达量与纤维长度呈显著负相关;GhRacA在5DPA和23DPA的表达量均与伸长率呈极显著正相关;GhRacB在10DPA的表达量与长度和整齐度呈显著负相关;GhCelA1基因在5DPA的表达量与纤维长度呈显著正相关,与马克隆值呈显著负相关,在10DPA的表达量与马克隆值呈显著正相关,与伸长率达到极显著正相关,与比强度呈显著负相关,与长度和整齐度呈极显著负相关;GhCIPK1、GhACT1、GhSus1、GhSusA1和GhCelA3 这5个基因在纤维发育各时期的表达量与纤维品质各指标未检测到相关性。     

寡聚酸钾对豌豆幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同浓度寡聚酸钾对豌豆幼苗生长、根系活力和光合色素含量的影响。结果表明:0.1~10mg/kg的寡聚酸钾均能显著促进豌豆幼苗的生长,提高根系活力和光合色素的含量。1mg/kg的寡聚酸钾对豌豆幼苗根系活力、光合色素含量以及生长指标的促进作用最为明显。     

不同生态环境条件下豌豆的结瘤状况

[目的]研究不同生态环境条件下豌豆的结瘤特性。[方法]通过野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究甘肃的武威、临夏、庆阳、定西,青海的格尔木、互助,陕西的子洲、延安8个生态类型区豌豆的结瘤状况。[结果]结果表明：青海的格尔木、甘肃的临夏豌豆的总根瘤数较多,临夏的有效根瘤数及有效根瘤率较高;陕西子洲的结瘤状况最差,有效根瘤数最少。[结论]旱作区的长期干旱和灌溉区的间隙性干旱不利于根瘤菌的侵染和结瘤。     

高原农作物豌豆抗氧化和脂质过氧化研究

［目的］探讨高原农作物豌豆提取液抗氧化和脂质过氧化的作用。［方法］对豌豆进行SOD酶液的提取,测定蛋白浓度、酶活力、抗氧化活性、抑制小鼠离体组织过氧化能力、体外组织脂质过氧化能力。［结果］豌豆粗酶液对DPPH·的EC50为55.16 mg/L,清除率低于同浓度的Vc和茶多酚、柠檬酸,Vc与粗酶液均有协同效应,相对而言,Vc的增效优于柠檬酸。 豌豆SOD酶液对DPPH·的EC50为11.1mg/L,优于茶多酚,与维生素C非常接近。豌豆SOD酶液对小鼠离体肝、肾和心组织中的MDA生成均有抑制作用,其中对离体肝组织中MDA生成的抑制效果最明显,浓度为0.25 mg/ml时,抑制率为78.3％,此后再增大浓度,抑制率的增加不多,心和肾效果次之。［结论］豌豆SOD粗酶液与豌豆SOD酶液都有一定清除DPPH·的能力, 豌豆SOD酶液有抑制脂质过氧化能力。     

Effect of nitrogen rates on yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) accessions

Nitrogen rates and plant genotypes effects yield and quality of medicinal plants therefore, this experiment was conducted in order to determine the effects of nitrogen rates on fennel accessions quality and quantity. The experimental design was a split plot with nitrogen rate (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 Kg N ha⁻¹) as main and accession (Isfahan, Tehran, Yazd and EU11486) as sub plots and replicated four times. The experiment was conducted at the Isfahan University of Technology Experimental Station, Isfahan, Iran during 2008-2009. Plant height, number of umbel per plant, 1000seed weight, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield, seed essential oil yield, seed and foliage essential oil contents and seed ash, protein and fiber contents were measured. Nitrogen fertilization increased all measured traits, but reduced ash content. On average, the highest seed and foliage essential contents and seed essential yield were produced at 160 kg per N ha⁻¹ and EU11486 was a superior cultivar for these traits. However, there was an interaction between N rate and accession on all traits. Isfahan (11.65 kg ha⁻¹), EU11486 (38.26 kg ha⁻¹), Tehran (15.32 kg ha⁻¹) and Yazd (22.06 kg ha⁻¹) produced the highest seed essential oil yield under application of 160, 80, 160 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively. Foliage of the accessions contained 0.45-0.91% essential oil and seeds of accessions contained 17.6-18.2% protein and 8.9-9.4% ash suggesting that foliage of fennel also is a good source of essential oil and seeds of fennel are good sources of protein and minerals. The results showed that N fertilization and accession can affect yield and quality of fennel and accessions responded differently to N fertilization rates, thus selection among the accessions and N rates for better fennel production is possible.     

Wireless tracking of cotton modules. Part 2: Automatic machine identification and system testing

The ability to map profit across a cotton field would enable producers to determine where money is being made or lost on their farms and to implement precise field management practices to facilitate the highest return possible on each portion of a field. Mapping profit requires knowledge of site-specific costs and revenues, including yield and price. Price varies site-specifically because fiber quality varies, so mapping fiber quality is an important component of profit mapping. To map fiber quality, the harvest location of individual cotton bales must be known, and thus a system to track the harvest location of cotton modules must be available. To this end, a wireless module-tracking system was recently developed, but automation of the system is required before it will find practical use on the farm. In Part 1 of this report, research to develop automatic triggering of wireless messages is described. In Part 2, research to enable the system to function with multiple harvesting machines of the same type in the same field - a common situation in commercial cotton farming - is described along with testing of the entire automated wireless module-tracking system (WMTS). An RFID system was incorporated, and it enabled the WMTS to correctly and consistently differentiate among various harvesting vehicles. The improved WMTS subsequently sent wireless messages to the correct machines when cotton transfers were made in the presence of multiple harvest machines. Overall testing proved that the automated WMTS worked largely as designed. When both complete and partial cotton basket dumps were simulated, the correct wireless-messaging decision was made 100% of the time.