‘川花梨’品种特性及优质高产栽培技术

以‘川花梨’为试材,通过调查研究其品种特性,探讨优质高产栽培技术。结果表明:利用配方施肥技术能针对性地补充土壤和植株养分,防止滥用化学肥料;果实二次套袋技术则使果面更加光洁,提高其商品性;采取疏散分层的树形便于接受阳光,丰产性更好;加强疏花疏果使叶果比保持(40～45):1,控制植株负载量,可溶性固形物可提高2%左右;生育期采用黄色粘虫板、糖醋液杀虫瓶和频振式杀虫灯显著减少了生长季节农药施用量20%;采果后施肥保叶防止开秋花;做好秋冬季管理大大减少了病虫基数和源头,增强了树势,提高抗病虫害能力。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B10对饲喂高脂日粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

将45只体质量（35±1）g的普通ICR小鼠随机分为对照组（基础日粮）、高脂组（高脂日粮）、处理组（添加0．1％芽孢杆菌B10的高脂日粮）。每组3个重复,每个重复5只。结果显示,高脂日粮组小鼠的试验末期体质量和平均日增重高于对照组和处理组。与对照组相比,高脂组小鼠肠黏膜总抗氧化能力显著降低了28．34％（P〈0．01）;肝脏中TrxR、SOD、GSH—Px和CAT活力分别降低了36．42％（P〈0．05）、22．91％（P〈0．05）、37．34％（P〈0．01）和47．47％（P〈0．01）,血清中抗超氧阴离子、GSH含量、GSH—Px活性分别下降8．206％（P〈0．05）、30．73％（P〈0．05）、47．26％（P〈0．01）。与高脂组相比,处理组肝脏的抗氧化能力显著改善,GSH—Px活力提高了141．35％（P〈0．01）,MDA含量降低了26．85％（P〈0．01）。血清中总抗氧化能力、GSH含量、GSH—Px活力分别提高9．46％（P〈0．05）、28．50％（P〈0．05）、39．95％（P〈0．01）。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌B10能够显著提高不同组织中部分抗氧化酶活力,缓解高脂日粮引起的小鼠氧化应激,在肝脏组织中尤为明显。     

Effects of dietary fat levels on nutrient digestibility and production performance of growing-furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)

The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and production performance of growing-furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) are affected by different dietary fat levels. Sixty-four young animals were randomly assigned to four groups (A, B, C, D) provided with diets containing approximately 12%, 26%, 40%, 54% fat in the dry matter respectively. When dietary fat level was increased, the apparent digestibility of main nutrients except for crude carbohydrates, and gross energy were improved (p < 0.0001). The amount of nitrogen excreted was reduced and the biological value of protein was enhanced (p < 0.0001). Over the experimental phase, the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) used for gain in group B (26% fat content) was higher than that in other groups. When diets with 12-26% fat content were fed, there was an increasing tendency in skin size. But it had negative effects on skin size and fur quality when the amount of fat content was over 40%. In conclusion, the experiment showed that dietary fat could significantly improve some nutrient utilization and significantly reduce feed/gain ratio as a main energy source. The most preferable fur quality and efficiency of ME used for gain were obtained when diet contained 26% fat level in growing-furring period.     

Fat source affects growth of weanling rats fed high-fat diets low in zinc

In two 3-week experiments with a 2-factorial design, weanling rats were fed semi-purified diets in which the zinc concentration was either suboptimal or adequate for maximum growth. In experiment 1, one low-fat diet and four diets enriched with 26% beef tallow (BT), butterfat (BF), coconut oil or sunflower oil (SF) were compared. The low-Zn SF diet did not support growth. The animals fed the high-Zn SF diet had the lowest final weights among all other groups, and their serum and femur Zn concentrations were markedly depressed. In experiment 2, the low- and high-Zn diets were enriched with 18% BT, SF, BT + SF (1:1 w/w), or olive oil (OL). Final live weights showed a Zn × fat source interaction. The low-Zn SF and OL groups consumed less food and weighed less than the low-Zn BT group. At the high-Zn level, final weights were comparable among groups. Serum and femur Zn concentrations did not significantly vary among groups fed diets with the same Zn level. Possibilities for the growth-retarding effect of the diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids (SF and OL) are discussed. Metabolic studies are needed to clarify the observed zinc × fat source interaction.     

酿酒酵母固态发酵白酒糟生产蛋白饲料的研究

以廉价的白酒糟为主要基质,接种酿酒酵母,开展酵母高密度固体发酵的研究。最终确定了在实验室条件下以白酒糟为基质进行酵母高密度固体发酵的工艺流程为:250 ml三角瓶装入干白酒糟10 g,并补加混合营养液2 ml(以干糟质量的8%添加糖蜜,以0.5 gN/kg干糟的量添加尿素),摇匀分散,加入干糟质量4%的复合酶制剂,调整酒糟的含水量为45%~50%,按0.7亿/g干糟接种后于30℃恒温箱中发酵培养72 h,酵母总数约30亿/g干糟,烘干粉碎即可制得酵母蛋白饲料。     

香菇高产新品种‘申香18号’

 ‘申香18号’是以香菇晚熟品种‘申香15号’和中熟品种‘939’为亲本,利用原生质体单核化技术,采用非对称杂交方法进行杂交,通过数年多点栽培和示范试验筛选获得的新品种。1 kg干料稳产鲜菇1 000 g。菇形好,易管理,适宜在浙江、福建等秋栽香菇产区栽培。     

腾冲红花油茶高接改造试验

2011年5月,采用13个优树无性系半木质化枝条为接穗、插皮嫁接或切接方法、塑料薄膜袋保湿、70%遮阳,对156株成年植株进行高接改造试验。嫁接后150 d调查统计,其株均成活率达94.2%,接穗芽成活率为55.0%,平均抽梢长度21.8 cm。高接改造取得良好效果,其技术可满足生产要求。     

高分辨率DEM在森林生产力估算中的应用

在广西宁明县以马尾松和桉树为例,对比分析野外实测与利用1∶10 000比例尺DEM推算的地形因子所建不同树种生产力模型的精度,探讨了高分辨率DEM在森林生产力估算中的作用.结果认为:①基于1∶10 000比例尺DEM推算的地形因子可代替实测数据进行森林生产力建模,其精度满足估算要求;②仅利用立地条件不能进行马尾松生产力建模,但却能建立桉树模型.对两树种而言,均是用树龄与立地条件共同建立的模型更优.     

香甜竹的适宜立地条件研究

对西南地区不同立地条件下香甜竹的生长状况进行调查,研究适合香甜竹生长的环境条件。结果表明,香甜竹在年均温12～16℃、年均降水量1 000 mm以上的暖温带、北亚热带或中亚热带地区生长良好,在滇中地区海拔1 600～2 200 m范围可以推广种植。种植密度以1 111丛/hm2为宜。香甜竹的直径与秆高、鲜重之间存在着一定的线性关系。     

牛肉肌内脂肪日粮营养调控技术的研究进展

牛肉是一种营养价值较高的食品,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇等优点。随着人们对健康和保健意识的提高,消费者越来越意识到健康和饮食的关系,要求吃到高质量的牛肉。肌内脂肪是影响牛肉品质的重要因素之一,影响牛肉的多汁性、嫩度和风味,适宜的肌内脂肪含量可以改善肉质,提高牛肉的营养价值和食用品质。肌内脂肪的含量和分布受遗传和营养等多种因素的控制和影响,通过营养调控干预机体代谢来改善肌内脂肪是一种切实可行的途径。文章仅就肌内脂肪与牛肉感官品质、营养及保健价值的关系和国内外通过日粮营养调控改善牛肉肌内脂肪含量,提高牛肉质量的技术研究作一综述。