机组导叶关闭规律对相继甩工况的影响

针对“一洞两机”布置型式的抽水蓄能电站,基于瞬变流理论和特征线法,采用多种关闭规律对实际工程进行数值模拟;分析不同关闭规律对相继甩负荷工况时尾水进口最小压力产生影响的内在机理,得到针对尾水进口最小压力的最优关闭规律求解方法.结果表明不同关闭规律可决定尾水进口最小压力出现在先甩机组还是后甩机组工况.采取适当的先慢后快关闭规律可以使得2台机组在各自最不利时刻点的尾水进口最小压力近似相等,并优于其他关闭规律.求解该关闭规律步骤：初步选择一种两段折线关闭规律,若后甩机组尾水进口最小压力小于先甩机组的,则应将关闭规律做调整：将第1段折线斜率改小,将第2段折线斜率改大;若后甩机组尾水进口最小压力大于先甩机组的,则反之,直至2台机组尾水进口最小压力近似相等为止.     

杂交稻制种机不育系精量穴播集中排种装置的设计与试验

针对杂交稻机械化制种不育系稻种穴播的问题,根据不育系稻种物理特性参数和农艺要求,设计一种叶形曲线状型孔排种装置,采用EDEM仿真、高速摄像台架试验和正交试验的方法,对排种过程中型孔内稻种的受力与姿态、型孔结构和型孔参数进行研究。性能试验结果表明:1)叶形状型孔内平躺和侧卧稻种姿态充种概率之和>76%具有较好的排种性能。2)当型孔长度、宽度和深度分别为20.27、16.84和7.46 mm时,排种合格率和漏播率分别为92.63%和2.81%,排种性能较优。田间试验结果表明:不育系播种合格率和漏播率分别为82.69%和8.52%,穴距和穴径分别为120.60和38.90 mm,穴距变异系数和穴径变异系数分别为15.07%和29.03%,该精量穴播集中排种装置满足杂交水稻制种不育系直播农艺技术要求。     

Correlation between the histopathological diagnosis by AgNOR count and AgNOR area in canine mammary tumors

Background: Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in female dogs. The histopathological diagnosis is usually made by a hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the tumor, which then requires a pathologist's judgment for assessment of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate an alternative silver staining of some argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) for improving the diagnostic accuracy with mammary tumors.
Hypothesis: There is a correlation between the histopathological diagnosis by AgNOR count and AgNOR area in canine mammary tumors.
Animals: Seventy-three canine mammary tumors from 33 female dogs.
Materials and Methods: The AgNOR staining was evaluated retrospectively in 73 canine mammary tumors with a parallel HE staining as a "Gold Standard." Both a quantitative manual counting method and a qualitative computerized morphometric method were tested.
Result: The result from both methods indicated a clinically relevant difference in the mean values of the AgNOR in the following 4 categories: malignant, benign, hyperplastic, and normal mammary tissue. The counting method was superior, with 89% of the cases given a correct diagnosis of a malignant or a nonmalignant canine mammary tumor. The 2 methods were then compared to test their ability to classify the tumors correctly. Again, the counting method was the most reliable method, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 76% when the upper 50% of the AgNOR counts were presumed malignant.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The results indicated that an AgNOR test could be an aid to pathologists as a prognostic indicator or to assist them in deciding between a benign or a malignant diagnosis in questionable cases.     

Effect of genistein on IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 in young and aged female rat ovary

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of genistein (GEN) on expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) in young and aged rat ovary. Forty young female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (200 ± 20 g) and forty aged female SD rats (490 ± 20 g) were selected and according to weight, they were divided into the following five groups with eight animals in each: negative control group (NC), low‐dose group (L), middle‐dose group (M), high‐dose group (H) and positive control group (PC). GEN group received GEN of 15, 30, 60 mg/kg respectively. It lasted 30 days. Concentrations of serum hormones, IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with NC, GEN significantly increased oestradiol‐17β(E₂) level in aged rat, reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) level in young and aged rat. Serum levels of IGFBP‐1 in young rats were significantly higher in GEN groups (p < 0.05). mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were positively correlated with GEN dose. GEN could significantly reduce the ratio of IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 of aged rats. Multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels significantly correlated with GEN dose. We speculate that there is an association between the addition of GEN and expression of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1, and the relationship between them is different in young and aged rat.     

Sirtuins对雌性动物生殖的影响研究进展

沉默信息调节因子（silence information regulator,Sirtuins）为烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸依赖性组蛋白去乙酰化酶,可与组蛋白和多种转录因子结合,在调控卵巢储备、卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、颗粒细胞功能与胚胎发育等多个生理过程中发挥着重要功能。本文综述了Sirtuins对雌性动物生殖的影响,以期为Sirtuins深入研究提供依据。     

短梗长尾啮小蜂雌性生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点

关于短梗长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus brevipedicellus卵巢结构和发育的相关研究在国内外尚无报道。本研究对短梗长尾啮小蜂的雌性生殖系统结构、卵子形态及卵巢发育特点进行了观察。结果表明,短梗长尾啮小蜂雌性内生殖系统由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1条中输卵管、受精囊、毒囊等组成;雌性外生殖器由产卵管、产卵管鞘、内瓣和外瓣构成。同时,短梗长尾啮小蜂属于卵育型寄生蜂,雌蜂初羽化时卵巢内只含有少量成熟卵子,随着营养的补充和时间的推移,成熟卵子和总卵子数量逐渐增加,并在羽化后72 h数量达到最高值。此外,研究发现,卵巢管内成熟卵子数量和总卵子数量与雌蜂的体长均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.936和0.941。以上研究结果为科学合理地研究和开发利用短梗长尾啮小蜂提供了理论基础。     

杨梅雌、雄种质遗传关系的RAPD和ISSR分析

为获得与主栽的杨梅品种遗传基础相近的杨梅雄株,文章采用了22个多态的RAPD引物和7个多态的ISSR引物,对浙江杨梅的栽培品种东魁、荸荠种、晚稻杨梅、丁岙梅和早色等10个雌株与17个雄株种质资源间的遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同杨梅产地收集的这17个杨梅雄株种质资源中,雄株与品种间的遗传关系呈规律性,即同一产区的地方品种与当地的雄株间遗传相似程度最高,而同一地区不同雄株与当地主栽品种间的遗传相似程度也有不同。通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析,上述5个杨梅主栽品种分别获得了与其亲缘关系相对接近的雄株,成对遗传相似系数最高为0.958,最低为0.878。     

从明代妇女教育的视角看节妇列女的产生

明代政府通过国家的大力宣传和提倡,以及家规族训,对妇女形成了一个比较完整的封建伦理道德教育系统,从而产生了众多的节妇列女。"程朱理学"是明代妇女教育的思想基础,这种教育抹杀的:是广大妇女对幸福的追求和个性满足,是以妇女的牺牲为代价的。     

Disposition Kinetics of Difloxacin After Intravenous,Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Administration in Calves

The pharmacokinetics of difloxacin (Dicural) was studied in a crossover study using three groups (n = 4) of male and female Friesian calves after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight. Drug concentration in plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. The plasma concentration–time data following i.v. administration were best fitted to a two-compartment open model and those following i.m. and s.c. routes were best fitted using one-compartment open model. The collected data were subjected to a computerized kinetic analysis. The mean i.v., i.m. and s.c. elimination half-lives (t _1/2β) were 5.56 ± 0.33 h, 6.12 ± 0.42 h and 7.26 ± 0.6 h, respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution (V _dss) was 1.12 ± 0.09 L/kg and total body clearance (Cl_B) was 2.19 ± 0.1 ml/(min. kg). The absorption half lives (t _1/2ab) were 0.38 ± 0.027 h and 2.1 ± 0.09 h, with systemic bioavailabilities (F) of 96.5% ± 6.4% and 84% ± 5.5% after i.m. and s.c. administration, respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, peak plasma concentrations (C _max) of 3.38 ± 0.13 μg/ml and 2.18 ± 0.12 μg/ml were attained after (t _max) 1.22 ± 0.20 h and 3.7 ± 0.52 h. The MIC₉₀ of difloxacin for Mannheimia haemolytica was 0.29 ± 0.04 μg/ml. The AUC/MIC₉₀ and C _max/MIC₉₀ ratios for difloxacin following i.m. administration were 120 and 11.65, respectively and following s.c. administration were 97.58 and 7.51, respectively. Difloxacin was 31.7–36.8% bound to calf plasma protein. Since fluoroquinolones display concentration-dependent activities, the doses of difloxacin used in this study are likely to involve better pharmacodynamic characteristics that are associated with greater clinical efficacy following i.m. administration than following s.c. administration.