Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

基于纳米材料的免疫层析试纸在兽药残留检测中的应用

兽药残留是食品安全的重要影响因素,开发兽药残留检测方法是保证食品安全的重要手段。免疫层析试纸是一种操作简单、生产成本低且具有良好灵敏度的检测方法,适用于现场检测、大规模食品筛选,在兽药残留检测中具有巨大的应用价值。纳米材料可提供特殊的检测信号,是影响免疫层析试纸检测灵敏度和定量分析的关键因素。文章主要对胶体金、磁性纳米材料、量子点以及时间分辨荧光微球这几种纳米标记材料进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点及应用情况,并对该技术在兽药残留检测中的应用趋势进行展望。     

抗丝状支原体丝状亚种单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

旨在制备抗丝状支原体丝状亚种(Mmm)的特异性单克隆抗体(MAb),为牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP)病原诊断的免疫学方法提供特异性抗体。本研究利用生物信息学技术分析了Mmm国内分离株Ben-1不同传代株的全基因组序列,选取M0071蛋白作为研究对象。将原核表达的可溶性重组蛋白M0071(rM0071)作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过有限稀释法和间接ELISA方法筛选得到能稳定分泌抗rM0071蛋白的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。进一步制备单抗腹水并纯化,利用Western blot方法对该单抗进行特异性鉴定,同时测定其抗体效价和抗体亚类。随后利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)评价该单抗对细胞感染Mmm的检测能力。结果表明成功获得1株单克隆细胞株3C4A1,将其分泌抗体命名为MAb 3C4A1。特异性结果表明,MAb 3C4A1能与Mmm的分离株和标准株发生特异性反应,而不与山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种、丝状支原体山羊亚种、牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、牛支原体、leachii支原体和牛A型巴氏杆菌等发生反应。抗体亚类鉴定MAb 3C4A1属于IgG1亚类、轻链为κ链。经间接ELISA测定其抗体效价为1∶256 000。IFA试验结果表明,MAb 3C4A1仅与感染EBL细胞的Mmm发生绿色荧光反应,而与牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、牛支原体感染的细胞不发生荧光反应,特异性良好。本研究制备的MAb 3C4A1具有良好的特异性和免疫反应性,可作为CBPP病原免疫学诊断的工具,为进一步研制CBPP病原鉴别诊断试剂盒提供了基础材料。     

头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法研究

【目的】 建立一种简便、快速、灵敏度高、特异性强的头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)检测新方法。【方法】 制备金银复合核壳结构的纳米贵金属,用来标记头孢氨苄抗体和拉曼信号分子5,5’-二硫代双2-硝基苯甲酸 (DTNB),合成拉曼免疫探针,用透射电子显微镜和双光束紫外分光光度计对纳米金和修饰拉曼信号分子的金银复合核壳结构进行表征。将合成的拉曼免疫探针固定在微孔板上,待测样品中的头孢氨苄与包被在硝酸纤维素膜上的头孢氨苄抗原竞争结合拉曼免疫探针,通过免疫层析试纸条结合共聚焦拉曼光谱仪读取DTNB的信号值,建立头孢氨苄定量检测技术,并应用于实际牛奶样品的检测。【结果】 透射电子显微镜和双光束紫外分光光度计表征结果显示,纳米银成功包裹在金颗粒表面。用共聚焦拉曼光谱仪检测免疫层析试纸条上拉曼信号分子的特征峰,拉曼信号分子特征峰为1 062、1 154、1 334和1 558 cm^-1,其中1 334 cm^-1处特征峰信号最强,选取此处峰高定量测定头孢氨苄的含量。头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱检测的线性范围为0~1 ng/mL,检测限为0.001 ng/mL,头孢氨苄的半数抑制质量浓度为0.05 ng/mL。与头孢克洛交叉反应率为111.1%,与头孢曲松钠、头孢夫辛酯、头孢噻吩钠交叉反应率均低于0.1%。实际样品加标浓度为1、4和8 ng /mL,回收率分别为94.4%、103.3%和97.5%。【结论】 本研究建立的头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法操作简便、快速、灵敏,耗材成本低廉,可满足奶牛养殖农场和乳品加工企业进行大批量样品初筛检测需求。     

Suppression of influenza virus infection by the orf virus isolated in Taiwan

Orf virus (ORFV), a member of parapoxvirus, is an enveloped virus with genome of double-stranded DNA. ORFV causes contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats worldwide. In general, detection of viral DNA and observing ORFV virion in tissues of afflicted animals are two methods commonly used for diagnosis of orf infection; however, isolation of the ORFV in cell culture using virus-containing tissue as inoculum is known to be difficult. In this work, the ORFV (Hoping strain) isolated in central Taiwan was successfully grown in cell culture. We further examined the biochemical characteristic of our isolate, including viral genotyping, viral mRNA and protein expression. By electron microscopy, one unique form of viral particle from ORFV infected cellular lysate was demonstrated in the negative-stained field. Moreover, immunomodulating and anti-influenza virus properties of this ORFV were investigated. ORFV stimulated human monocytes (THP-1) secreting proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. And, pre-treatment of ORFV-infected cell medium prevents A549 cells from subsequent type A influenza virus (IAV) infection. Similarly, mice infected with ORFV via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes at two days prior to IAV infection significantly decreased the replication of IAV. In summary, the results of a current study indicated our Hoping strain harbors the immune modulator property; with such a bio-adjuvanticity, we further proved that pre-exposure of ORFV protects animals from subsequent IAV infection.     

非洲猪瘟病毒p30蛋白单克隆抗体制备及线性抗原表位定位

【目的】制备非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）p30蛋白的单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibodies,MAbs）并初步分析其所识别的线性抗原表位,为ASFV及其抗体检测方法的建立及p30蛋白结构和功能的研究奠定基础。【方法】将原核表达并纯化的p30重组蛋白作为免疫原,免疫6—8周龄BALB/c雌鼠,每两周免疫1次,共免疫3次,首次免疫是抗原与等体积的弗氏完全佐剂乳化后免疫,第二次和第三次免疫与等体积的弗氏不完全佐剂乳化,3次免疫后1 w断尾采血,间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清抗体效价,选择血清效价最高的小鼠进行加强免疫,3 d后取小鼠脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞按照4﹕1的比例使用PEG进行常规细胞融合。利用重组p30蛋白作为包被抗原,间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞,有限稀释法进行克隆纯化,直至筛出能够稳定分泌抗体的MAbs。将ASFV接种于猪肺泡巨噬细胞,以筛选的MAbs为一抗、兔抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗,进行间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）。将感染和未感染ASFV的细胞沉淀处理后进行 SDS-PAGE并转印至硝酸纤维素膜,分别以IFA鉴定为阳性的MAbs上清为一抗、兔抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗,进行Western blotting分析,筛选获得p30 MAbs。根据已知序列设计引物扩增p30ab与p30bc两段截短基因,其中p30ab代表由第86—153位氨基酸残基的截短体,p30bc代表由第120—187位氨基酸残基的截短体,原核表达部分重叠的截短p30蛋白,最终获得重组蛋白GST-p30ab与重组蛋白GST-p30bc。分别以GST-p30ab和GST-p30bc融合蛋白为包被抗原,以5株MAbs为一抗,以兔抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗, 通过间接ELISA方法初步定位p30蛋白的抗原表位。【结果】以纯化的重组蛋白为包被抗原,经间接ELISA试验筛选出25株可分泌抗重组 p30蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株。IFA结果显示,5株MAbs（8F4、1D3、1H2、6C3和8E11）与ASFV感染的猪肺泡巨噬细胞IFA 试验呈阳性;Western blotting结果显示,5株MAbs均能够与ASFV感染的细胞呈阳性反应,与未感染病毒的细胞呈阴性反应。试验构建的p30截短体重组蛋白GST-p30ab以可溶和包涵体两种形式表达,而GST-p30bc仅以包涵体形式表达,以两组截短体融合蛋白为包被抗原,通过间接ELISA检测出MAbs 8F4、1H2和6C3与两个重组蛋白均能有效结合,证明MAbs 8F4、1H2和6C3抗原识别区域为两组截短蛋白重叠区域,即第120—153位氨基酸;MAbs 8E11与1D3则只能与GST-p30ab蛋白结合, 证明MAbs 8E11与1D3抗原识别区域为两个重组蛋白的非重叠区域,即第86—119位氨基酸。【结论】本研究可溶性地表达了p30蛋白的第86—153位氨基酸截短体重组蛋白,制备了5株p30 MAbs,定位到2个p30蛋白抗原表位。结合ELISA和IFA,可建立十分可靠的ASFV及其抗体的检测手段。     

First report of Calonectria cerciana causing leaf blight of Eucalyptus in northern India

Eucalyptus spp. and their hybrids are frequently cloned and mass planted across farmland tracts and commercial plantations in northern India. It is a viable feeder species to the paper and pulp industries in this region. In 2018 and 2019, during field surveys conducted in northern India, a serious leaf blight disease was frequently observed in E. tereticornis plantations. Isolation from the blighted leaf samples consistently yielded fungal isolates having Calonectria‐like morphology. Morphological features coupled with sequence analysis of partial β‐tubulin (TUB2) and partial translation elongation factor‐alpha (TEF1) gene regions of two fungal isolates confirmed the species as Ca. cerciana. In detached leaf assays and glasshouse inoculation experiments, both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed on the naturally infected leaves. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolating Ca. cerciana from the inoculated leaves. This work is the first to confirm that Ca. cerciana is associated with a serious leaf blight disease of Eucalyptus in northern India and is an important addition to the taxonomy of Calonectria fungi in India.     

In vitro effects of Musa x paradisiaca extracts on four developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant.     

A new Brucella canis species-specific PCR assay for the diagnosis of canine brucellosis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted from animals to humans, and the development of a rapid, accurate, and widely available identification method is essential for diagnosing this disease. In this study, we developed a new Brucella canis species-specific (BcSS) PCR assay and evaluated its specificity and sensitivity. A specific PCR primer set was designed based on the BCAN_B0548-0549 region in chromosome II of B. canis. The PCR detection for B. canis included amplification of a 300-bp product that is, not found on other Brucella species or, genetically or serologically related bacteria. The detection limit of BcSS-PCR assay was 6 pg/μl by DNA dilution, or 3 × 10³ colony-forming units (CFU) in the buffy coats separated from whole blood experimentally inoculated with B. canis. Using the buffy coat in this PCR assay resulted in approximately 100-times higher sensitivity for B. canis as compared to detect directly from whole blood. This is the first report of a species-specific PCR assay to detect B. canis, and the new assay will provide a valuable tool for the diagnosis of B. canis infection.     

检测水貂出血性肺炎绿脓杆菌的比色LAMP法的建立与应用

为了快速有效检测水貂出血性肺炎病原绿脓杆菌,本研究结合金属指示剂HNB特性建立了快速检测绿脓杆菌比色LAMP法。根据绿脓杆菌外毒素A基因设计引物,建立了检测LAMP法;并且对该方法进行了特异性、灵敏性分析;同时进行了初步应用。结果显示,该方法特异性强,灵敏性好,可检测167CFU/mL的菌体,对病貂肺脏检出率高。结果表明,该比色LAMP法可以有效地检测水貂出血性肺炎绿脓杆菌。