检测水貂出血性肺炎绿脓杆菌的比色LAMP法的建立与应用

为了快速有效检测水貂出血性肺炎病原绿脓杆菌,本研究结合金属指示剂HNB特性建立了快速检测绿脓杆菌比色LAMP法。根据绿脓杆菌外毒素A基因设计引物,建立了检测LAMP法;并且对该方法进行了特异性、灵敏性分析;同时进行了初步应用。结果显示,该方法特异性强,灵敏性好,可检测167CFU/mL的菌体,对病貂肺脏检出率高。结果表明,该比色LAMP法可以有效地检测水貂出血性肺炎绿脓杆菌。     

水貂阿留申病毒环介导等温扩增（LAMP）检测方法的建立

为建立一种简便、快速、特异的水貂阿留申病毒（ADV）检测方法,根据GenBank中已登录的ADV基因组序列,选择水貂阿留申病毒VP2基因作为靶基因,设计并合成5套环介导等温扩增（LAMP）反应所需的引物,通过试验筛选出最佳引物,并进行最佳引物的特异性及敏感性试验,建立了LAMP快速检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法比普通PCR方法灵敏性高10倍,与其他的水貂源病毒不发生非特异性反应,并且具有良好的重复性。利用建立的LAMP检测方法对30份临床样品的阳性检出率为6.7%。该方法简便快速,为水貂阿留申病的检测提供了新的发展方向,有望成为简易的常规检测手段,尤其适用于基层应用。     

隐孢子虫LAMP检测方法的建立及其在牦牛中的应用

为了探索和建立隐孢子虫LAMP检测方法,以便能快速、简便检测牦牛隐孢子虫的感染情况,基于GenBank中牦牛源隐孢子虫18SrRNA基因序列,设计1组LAMP引物,优化并建立LAMP反应体系。对所建立的LAMP方法进行特异性、重复性、敏感性试验,并用该方法对牦牛的临床样本进行检测。结果显示,建立的LAMP方法特异性、重复性良好,其敏感性是套式PCR的8倍。LAMP方法与套式PCR临床检出率对比,符合率100%。表明成功建立了隐孢子虫的LAMP检测方法,该方法特异性和灵敏性良好,可以应用于牦牛粪便临床样本的检测。     

LAMP技术快速检测食源性沙门菌hisJ基因方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测食源性沙门菌的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法,依据Gen Bank公布的沙门菌属hisJ基因序列,利用Primer Explorer软件设计LAMP扩增所需引物,通过LAMP反应条件的优化,建立沙门菌LAMP快速检测方法。选取鼠伤寒沙门菌、猪霍乱沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌、伤寒沙门菌、鸡白痢沙门菌及其他6种常见食源性细菌进行特异性试验,并对其灵敏性进行了评价。针对hisJ基因建立的LAMP方法,在63℃水浴1 h便可完成沙门菌的有效扩增,该方法的灵敏度达到102cfu/mL,高于PCR方法 100倍,特异性试验结果显示只有沙门菌LAMP扩增结果呈阳性。本研究建立的沙门菌hisJ基因LAMP检测方法具有较强的特异性及灵敏性,可用于食品中沙门菌的快速检测。     

生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌LAMP检测方法的建立

针对金黄色葡萄球菌的TRAP基因设计LAMP引物,建立了金黄色葡萄球菌环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法,进行了特异性和灵敏性试验,并对临床乳样进行初步检测。结果显示,建立的LAMP检测方法特异性良好,与生鲜乳中常见的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、无乳链球菌、粪肠球菌无交叉反应,灵敏度为10CFU/mL。分别用传统分离鉴定法与LAMP法对50个乳腺炎乳样进行检测,传统方法分离得到S.aureus 14株,LAMP法检测得到S.aureus 14株,符合率100%,阳性检出率均为28%。结果表明,成功建立了生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测方法,该方法无需特殊的仪器,有利于在临床和基层进行推广。     

水貂出血性肺炎的实验室诊断方法研究进展

水貂出血性肺炎是由铜绿假单胞菌引起的严重威胁养貂业的重要疾病之一。文中概述了水貂出血性肺炎的实验室诊断方法研究进展,在病原学方面,主要依靠细菌分离培养、生化试验、特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等;在分子生物学方面,主要依靠国内外相继建立起的PCR技术和LAMP技术等。介绍和比较了各种方法的优缺点和实用性,为临床兽医科技工作者建立快速、简便、准确、实用的诊断提供参考。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒LAMP检测方法的建立

为建立一种利用颜色判定的快速、简单、灵敏度高的检测方法,即可视化环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法,采用针对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)基因保守序列设计的特异引物,优化反应条件,建立了IBRV LAMP检测方法,并进行了特异性和灵敏性试验。结果显示,所建立的LAMP方法具有良好的特异性,其检出灵敏度为10~3 copies/μL,仅需1 h即可肉眼观察检测结果。结果表明,本试验建立的LAMP方法可用于IBRV的进出口检疫。     

蜂房蜜蜂球菌环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种快速、灵敏的蜂房蜜蜂球菌(Me lissococcus p luton,MSP)的环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)检测方法,针对蜂房蜜蜂球菌16S rRNA特异性序列设计6条特异性引物,分别对Mg2+、dNPTs、引物、甜菜碱浓度及条件进行优化,建立了欧洲蜜蜂幼虫腐臭病的LAMP检测方法,并对其特异性和灵敏性进行了检测.结果 显示,建立的LAMP检测方法具有很好的特异性,仅以蜂房蜜蜂球菌为模板可扩增出梯状条带,最低可检测到7.231×1 0拷贝/μL,是普通PCR的100倍,并且该方法快速简便、检测时间仅需0.5 h,肉眼即可观察检测结果.结果 表明,建立的LAMP检测方法可用于蜂房蜜蜂球菌的检疫,为基层快速诊断和预防该病提供了新的技术.     

副猪嗜血杆菌环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立

采用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)建立了一种快速、灵敏、高度特异的副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)检测方法。针对Hps16S rRNA基因保守区域设计6条引物,在Bst大片段聚合酶的作用下,对模板DNA进行梯状等温扩增,并且优化LAMP的反应体系,检验其灵敏性与特异性。结果表明:该方法对Hps的最小检测限为0.2pg/μL,灵敏性高于常规PCR方法103倍;完成反应仅需65min。该方法灵敏度高、特异性好,能够作为Hps的快速诊断方法,对于基层和实验室应用均具有良好前景。     

番鸭细小病毒LAMP检测方法的建立

本研究根据GenBank中登录的番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)VP3基因的高度保守序列,设计特异性引物,通过对反应体系及反应条件的优化,建立了MDPV的体外环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)快速检测方法。敏感性和特异性试验结果显示,建立的LAMP检测方法的灵敏性与常规PCR一致,全部反应可以在1.5 h内完成,对其他鸭常见病原体检测结果全部为阴性。该方法的建立为研制番鸭细小病毒的LAMP快速检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

G＋B＋C三个血清型绿脓杆菌灭活疫苗大规模接种后的不良反应和保护效果观察

观察绿脓杆菌的G＋B＋C三个血清型制备的灭活疫苗大规模接种后的速发接种反应及保护性效果观察.用绿脓杆菌G＋B＋C三个血清型制备的疫苗以小鼠和水貂为实验室观察组,同时设定阴性对照,观察疫苗免疫后的速发接种反应;在养殖场,选择常年因绿脓杆菌引起的水貂出血性肺炎的养殖户,采用预防免疫和发病期紧急预防接种两种方式,并回访保护效果.在实验室对水貂和小鼠皮下接种疫苗,接种后7～21 d观察接种部位和解剖小鼠检查病理学变化,没有出现任何异常反应.从2012年和2013年共制备的5个批次14万头份的疫苗,在对临床推广应用的回访中,只有一个养殖户少量水貂出现接种部位化脓,经查是由于注射部位的肌肉吸收性降低而引起,对预防接种的10万头份中,接种后没有发生绿脓杆菌引起的出血性肺炎,在对4万头份的由于绿脓杆菌引起出血性肺炎的紧急接种中,在5～10 d达到控制本病的目的.结论：G＋B＋C三个血清型绿脓杆菌疫苗速发接种反应发生率低,预后良好,无论是预防接种还是发病后紧急接种,均具有较好的保护性.     

Effect of infectious dose and season on development of hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hemorrhagic pneumonia is an acute and fatal disease of farmed mink caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pathogenesis of this disease has not yet been resolved. Mink are the only animals known to be susceptible to acute, contagious, and fatal lung infections caused by P. aeruginosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between dose-response and season of infection and to clarify whether Danish mink are carriers of P. aeruginosa on their nasal mucosa during the season for hemorrhagic pneumonia. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease, an infectious dose-response trial was carried out on adult mink and mink kits, both in the season for hemorrhagic pneumonia (November) as well as out of season (July). It proved difficult to infect mink via the intra-nasal route. Only 4 out of 60 infected mink developed clinical disease and were euthanized, all of them in November, illustrating that predisposing factors in the mink itself and not infectious dose might be crucial for disease development. We were able to culture P. aeruginosa from the nasal cavity of the clinically healthy experimental mink 8 d after inoculation. This indicated that the mink can carry P. aeruginosa on their nasal mucosa without developing the disease. It was not possible, however, to culture P. aeruginosa from the nasal cavity of clinically healthy mink obtained from farms in November, which indicates that the organism is not a normal part of the nasal mucosal flora of mink.     

Field studies: pseudomonas pneumonia of mink

Epizootics of pneumonia in mink caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated to characterize the serotype of organisms and to identify possible predisposing factors. Most epizootics were associated with P aeruginosa Fisher serotype 1, and a few were associated with 3 other serotypes. There were no predisposing factors identified that could be used to differentiate farms affected and those not affected with pseudomonas pneumonia. Cultural studies indicated that P aeruginosa was present in mink from affected and nonaffected herds. Organisms isolated included serotypes associated with naturally occurring disease. Serostudy results were similar among herds. A prospective field vaccination trial did not yield definitive results, since only slight losses occurred in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated mink. Significant levels of antibody were detected in mink 15 to 17 weeks after they were given a single dose of P aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide vaccine.     

Pseudomonas pneumonia of mink: pathogenesis, vaccination, and serologic studies

Fulminating pneumonia was produced in mink by the intratracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sequence of pulmonary lesions was focal inflammation, focal necrosis, and widespread inflammation and necrosis. Secondary lesions of peracute hemorrhage and necrosis were the result of bacterial spread via the airways. Invasion of vessel walls by P aeruginosa was a terminal event and was secondary to bacillary invasion and necrosis of adjacent tissues. Regional (lymphatic) and systemic spread of bacteria followed the development of pulmonary lesions, but there was little morphologic evidence of tissue damage in other organs. Immunofluorescence studies showed that P aeruginosa antigen was dispersed within pulmonary cells and was free in the lung parenchyma. Mink surviving beyond postinfection hour 60 had a macrophage infiltration into limited pulmonary lesions. A vaccine trial was conducted with P aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) used as antigen, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody. Antibody was detected in mink after vaccination with LPS or natural exposure. Mink with antibody to LPS, from vaccination or naturally acquired, were resistant to experimental infection.     

Testing the protective effectiveness of vaccines against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mink (Lutreola vison)

Infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have caused losses on mink farms in recent years, particularly with a clinical manifestation of haemorrhagic pneumonia. This paper includes the first results of the practical use of the Czechoslovak soluble monovaccine of polyvalent action in the treatment of mink infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The action of the vaccine is based on the protective effect of Original Endotoxin Protein (OEP), antigen common to all species of the genus Pseudomonas. After due testing, the vaccine was given to mink. Doses of 50, 200 and 500 micrograms, and in another series 50 and 200 micrograms of the vaccine were tested in subcutaneous administration at 0.2 ml volume in a 7-day interval. No adverse side-effects and reactions were observed in the animals. A protective action was demonstrated, resulting in a higher number of reared mink in comparison with the control groups. After vaccination, titres ranging from 2 to 160 were determined by the indirect haemagglutination method and from 320 to 164,000 by the RIA method. In 1984 the vaccine was used for practical treatment on a mink farm with the stock exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (5551 mink were treated). In the vaccinated group losses amounted to 3.1% whereas in the control group the mortality level was above 17%. Vaccination was demonstrated to have a favourable effect and the vaccine was then preventively used on the same farm in the subsequent year; the treatment of 29,350 mink had the required protective effect.     

水貂绿脓杆菌分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

本试验旨在通过对山东某水貂养殖场送检的5只具有典型出血性肺炎症状的病死水貂进行细菌分离鉴定及耐药情况分析,为临床用药和治疗提供依据和参考。通过细菌分离纯化、生化鉴定和PCR方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,采用K-B药敏法检测分离菌株对常用药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法检测分离菌株耐药基因的携带情况。经鉴定共分离得到5株绿脓杆菌,药物敏感性试验结果显示,5株绿脓杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物、第3代和第4代头孢类药物较敏感,对氨基糖苷类、四环素、氯霉素、青霉素类、第1代和第2代头孢类药物耐药。耐药基因检测结果显示,5株绿脓杆菌共检测出6种耐药基因aadA1、aac(3')-Ⅱc、aac(6')-Ⅰb、tetA、tetK、cat2。且每株分离菌均检测出3种以上耐药基因。结果表明,分离的5株菌株均为绿脓杆菌,主要引起水貂出血性肺炎。分离菌株耐药性较严重,主要表现为多重耐药现象。菌株携带的耐药基因呈多样性,可引起菌株对相应药物产生耐药现象。     

Comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from mink by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical infections in mink were subjected to serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SpeI. A total of 212 isolates of P. aeruginosa from the year 1998 to 2001 were included in this study: 168 isolates from mink obtained from 74 farm outbreaks of haemorrhagic pneumonia. Isolates from mink were separated into 34 distinct clones by PFGE subtyping. All isolates from mink infected during the same farm outbreak were identical, except in one case where two different strains were isolated from mink obtained from the same farm outbreak. P. aeruginosa of specific PFGE types were found to cause clusters of outbreaks on several farms within a few weeks of each other. However, PFGE types of strains causing clusters of farm outbreaks changed from year to year. These results suggest that some outbreaks of haemorrhagic pneumonia are caused by pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa spread between farms and animals either mechanically, or through feed or water from a common source, rather than by random nosocomial infections with strains from the farm environment.     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Minks

In order to provide therapeutical guidance for drug admistration,the bacteria from five dead minks suffering with typical symptoms provided by mink farms in Shandong province were isolated and identified,and the drug sensitivity was tested.The bacteria were isolated with TSA plates,and identified using biochemical methods and PCR assay.The drug sensitivity of the isolates to antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.PCR was used to detect the resistance genes.A total of 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from sick minks.The drug sensitivity results showed that 5 strains were sensitive to fluoroquinolone,the third and fourth generations cephalosporin drugs,but were resistant to aminoglycoside,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,penicillin,the first and second generations cephalosporin drugs.There were six resistance genes were detected,aadA1,aac(3')-Ⅱc,aac(6')-Ⅰb,tetA,tetK and cat2.All of the isolates were detected more than three kinds of resistance genes.The result showed that 5 strains were all Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main cause of mink hemorrhagic pneumonia.The resistance of 5 strains were very serious and mainly for multiple drug resistance phenomenon.The resistance genes detected in the mink were various,and could cause the resistance to the drugs.