添加膨化全脂大豆对高产奶牛血液和乳中尿素氮的影响

选择12头基本条件相近、泌乳50d左右的中国荷斯坦高产奶牛,随机分为四组,采用4×4复合拉丁方试验设计研究高产奶牛日粮中添加膨化全脂大豆对血中尿素氮(BUN)与乳中尿素氮(MUN)动态关系的影响。在基础日粮(TMR)中加入不同水平(0kg、1kg、1.7kg、2.5kg)膨化全脂大豆,每期试验21d,共四期。每期试验第15d、17d、19d、21d取奶样,试验第21d取血样。试验结果表明,对乳中尿素氮,1kg组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),1.7kg添加水平与对照组的差异极显著(P<0.01),2.5kg组与对照组的差异显著(P<0.05);对于血液尿素氮2.5kg添加水平显著高于其他三个组(P<0.05)。经BUN与MUN相关分析,MUN值约为BUN的80%。     

水分胁迫下不同抗旱类型大豆叶片气孔特性变化研究

采用火棉胶印膜法,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对不同抗旱类型大豆叶片气孔特性的影响.结果表明:经水分胁迫的大豆叶片气孔密度增加,气孔开口大小和单位叶面积气孔相对面积减小.但不同抗旱类型大豆品种间表现不同,气孔密度变化幅度大小顺序依次为:弱抗品种(A3)＞中抗品种(A2)＞抗旱品种(A1),调节气孔开张能力大小顺序依次为:抗旱品种(A1)＞中抗品种(A2)＞弱抗品种(A3).     

Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Application on Pod Setting of Individual Florets within Raceme in Soybean

Abstract

The application of synthetic cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine, BA) to racemes of soybean genotype IX93-100 at 7 days after anthesis (DAA) enhanced pod-set percentage of the florets at the 5th position and above (numbered from the base on rachis). The endogenous cytokinin (trans-zeatin riboside) content of individual florets was measured at the 1, 3, 5, 7th position every 3 days after anthesis. Cytokinin was detected only from the florets at 9 DAA, and the content was higher in the more proximal florets while it became negligible in the 7th floret. These results suggest that an increase in the amount of cytokinin in individual florets might enhance the pod setting of the florets positioned at the middle or distal part within the raceme.     

Influence of Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder on Soybean Growth,Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation after Flowering and Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to produce soybean stably with this system, since the growth of soybean plants is slower under shading by corn at the seedling stage, and it is compensated by accelerated growth after the symbiotic stage. Soybean plants show excessive vegetative growth due to more rain during the flowering stage, which results in fallen petals, fallen pods and lower yield. This study investigated whether seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg^–1 seed) suppresses excessive vegetative growth of soybean plants during the flowering stage and delays senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at the pod-setting stage. If such events are correlated with changes in photosynthesis, they may affect dry matter accumulation and seed yield in the relay stripping system. Uniconazole promoted biomass accumulation from 31 (R₃) to 61 (R₅) days after flowering (DAF) and seed yield. Seed treatment with uniconazole raised the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents. In contrast, uniconazole reduced leaf area index (LAI) from 1 DAF (R₁) to 46 DAF (R₄) with the increase in uniconazole concentration, whereas, uniconazole significantly increased LAI at 61 DAF, and the greatest promotion occurred at 2 mg kg^–1 treatment. The study clearly showed that uniconazole effectively suppressed excessive vegetative growth of soybean during flowering stage, delayed senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at pod-setting stage and induced higher yield, which were related to the changes in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and LAI in the relay strip intercropping system.     

利用髙稳系数法分析夏大豆品种的高产稳产性

利用髙稳系数法（HSC法）,对2011～2012年参加国家大豆品种区域试验的材料进行了高产性和稳产性分析。结果表明：产量最高的中黄41稳定性较差,仅适宜在高产地区如北京、天津和山东等地种植;中作05-15、中黄39和冀06B9高产性和稳定性均较好,可在生产上推广应用;中作017020、汾9877-10和中黄30产量均     

大豆种子质量降低的主要原因及其预防措施

对大豆种子质量降低的原因进行了分析，认为品种混杂和丧失生活力是大豆种子质量降低的主要原因。提出了防止品种混杂、收获适时、严格种子检验、加强种子贮藏管理是预防大豆种子质量降低的主要措施。     

大豆斑驳粒总类黄酮Zr^4＋络合物的TLC扫描分析

本文报导了一个新的大豆斑驳粒微量“总黄酮”的分析方法，。采用Ｚｒ＾４＋与黄酮类化合物生成有荧光的络合物，借薄层色谱扫描技术，测定滤纸荧光斑点的峰面积积分值，用于定量分析。Ｚｒ＾４＋在酸性条件下与黄酮类化合物的络合作用可使类黄酮化合物定性，并有利于区别于黄烷醇类化合物。该方法应用盱大豆感染ＳＭＶ产生斑驳的发生机理研究，有良好的效果。     

晋大62×诱处4号杂交后代群体遗传多样性分析

选用晋大62×诱处4号杂交亲本和后代群体为试验材料,通过微卫星(SSR)标记分析,利用SPSS软件对其进行了聚类分析,探讨了亲本及后代群体间的遗传特性和亲缘关系,研究了大豆群体的遗传多样性,为大豆杂交育种亲本的选配、杂交后代的筛选、种质创新及大豆遗传多样性研究提供了理论和实践依据。结果表明,以亲本的基因组DNA为模板,选用40对不同的引物进行电泳共筛选出23对位于多条染色体上的差异引物,其多态性比例为55.0%。通过聚类分析所有材料可聚类为以下几类:母本晋大62(CK1)和后代6~13号材料聚为第一大类,父本诱处4号(CK2)和后代25~31号材料聚为第二大类,而1~5、14~20聚为第一小类,21~24、32~35聚为第二小类,这两小类材料与亲本的亲缘关系较远。     

多基因型大豆的生理生态研究

[目的]为大豆的高产生理生态提供依据。[方法]在大豆高产田选用单基因型大豆鲁豆13、日选、黄沙、科丰6号、92-8,并等量混合种植组成包括6个双基因型大豆的11个处理,研究多基因型大豆的生理生态。[结果]双基因型群体日选+科丰6号的产量最高,比单基因型增产18.6%~44.7%。极值出现在日选+科丰6号中的生理指标有茎粗、分枝、叶数、中部叶重、上部叶重(第2峰值)、叶面积指数(第2峰值),与产量关系较为密切,但没达显著水平。高产双基因型的指标几乎均超出或接近单基因型高值,茎粗、分枝、叶面积系数、干物质积累、中上部叶重、产量有明显优势,产量较低的双基因型相反。盛花期中上部截留96.0%~97.0%、漏光损失1.0%~2.5%较为适宜;鼓粒期中上部截留65.0%~75.0%较为适宜,到达地面的光不宜超过10.0%。[结论]基因型搭配较单基因型增产显著,增产幅度达8.7%~44.7%,叶面积系数、干物质积累量、中上部叶重明显提高,以尖叶品种与阔叶品种搭配较为合理。     

从农业到生物医学:大豆育种研究的新方向

大豆富含多种具有独特生理功能的活性成分,包括大豆异黄酮、大豆多肽、大豆磷脂、大豆低聚糖、大豆皂甙等,具有抗肿瘤、降血脂、预防心血管疾病等作用,在保健食品和医学领域有着极高的潜在应用价值.基于大豆的保健和药用价值,文章综述了大豆活性成分与人体健康的关系、大豆生物医学性状改良以及评估方法,以期鼓励农业与生物医学的密切结合和...