散叶烤房系列研究 2.装炕技术研究

为解决散叶烤房烟叶堆放问题，采用插板式装烟法和自然堆积法研究了散叶烤房的装炕技术，结果表明：散叶烤房装烟时以自然堆积法，稍稍用力推挤，单层密度保持在75~85kg/m3为宜，并提出了相应的采收和装炕技术要点，即下部叶适时早收，中部叶尚熟至适熟采收，上部叶充分成熟采收。装炕时烟束要叠放整齐，叶片背面靠向界墙方向，正面面向装烟者，保持叶片与装烟板水平面夹角70~80°，一层靠一层。     

复方罗红霉素可溶性粉对鸡葡萄球菌病的疗效试验

采用人工诱发的病理模型,按推荐剂量治疗,验证复方罗红霉素可溶性粉对鸡(试验时30日龄)葡萄球菌病的疗效.试验结果表明,复方罗红霉素可溶性粉对鸡葡萄球菌病有很好的治疗效果,有效率达96.7%;推荐剂量治疗组的死亡率极显著地低于感染对照组(P<0.01);推荐剂量治疗组与健康对照组的增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01).     

吴震东公式简化计算研究

混凝土工程冬季施工主要采用非加热养护方法，这类方法的技术关键是精确的热工计算，而热工计算目前仍广泛应用吴震东理论，按吴震东理论建立的整套公式可以描述混凝土在各咎情况下温度时间变化规律，但由于吴东公式较为复杂，许多学者对简化吴震东公式作了深化入的研究和讨论，据此分析了简化吴震东公式的思路、途径与方法，并评价了各类简化公式和近似公式的优点与不足之处。     

Variations in Soil Physical Properties in a Cleared Forestland Continuously Cultivated for Seven Years in Eastern Nsukka,Nigeria

In this study, soil physical properties were evaluated in the top 40 cm of cleared forestland that had been subjected to continuous cultivation for 7 years to ascertain selected crop or crop combinations that influenced the soil physical properties the most. There was no significant effect of crop treatment on particle‐size distributions over 6 years of cultivation. In year 7, clay values were significantly (p = 0.05) greater in plots grown with solely cassava (SC) and solely maize (SM) than in the plots grown with solely pigeon pea (SP). The soil depth effects over the 7 years were significant on the clay content. The mean values of bulk density, pore‐size distribution, and hydraulic conductivity obtained from each plot fluctuated over the years. The bulk density values in 1998 ranged from 1.29 to 1.43 g cm³, but from 1999 to 2004, the range was from 1.12 to 1.40 g cm³. Thus, bulk density generally decreased when compared with their respective values in 1998. The greatest decrease of ≈ 22% was in 2000. More than 70% of the macroporosity values were significantly less than their respective values in 1998. The greatest decease of 72% was obtained from SM plots in 2001. All the microporosity were significantly more than the 1998 values. All the increases were >100% of the original values. These increases were reflected in the variations of total and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values. However, in 2004, Ks values decreased in the plots grown to C + P, SP, and SM. Generally, the C + M + P mixture appeared to be the most consistent in improving micro‐ and total porosities and Ks among the crop treatments.     

常压热水锅炉集中供热烘烤性能的研究

试验结果表明:与2009年常规密集烤房相比,用常压热水锅炉集中供热式烤房烘烤烟叶,可以分别降低每千克煤的烟尘排放量、SO2排放量和NOx排放量2.914、8.600和2.391 mg/kg,降低每千克干烟烘烤成本1.00元/kg,提高烤后烟叶均价1.26元/kg,降低单间运行总费用63.2元,提高单间净收益841元,而增加每间烤房初期建造成本3.0979万元。     

Effect of Tillage and Plant Residue Management Practices on Shrinkage of a Vertisol

A study was carried out to determine the effects of different tillage and plant residue management practices on different soil moisture and shrink-swell properties of a Vertisol (very fine, semctitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert (with less than 1 % slope). The core samples were collected in July (after harvesting of lentil) and in November (after planting of wheat) 1993. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that T2 tends to give higher water holding capacity and available moisture than T1. Immediate incorporation of plant residue (R1) tends to increase the bulk density and to decrease soil specific volume and void ratio when compared to late incorporation treatment (R2). In general, the two tillage treatments tend to decrease moisture availability, shrinkage characteristics, soil specific volume, and void ratio. They also tend to increase the soil shrinkage (subsidence and cracks volume) and bulk density. Chisel plough is recommended in Vertisols, if it is to be used before the rainfall.     

Effect of Tillage System on Soil Strength and Bulk Density of Vertisols

Improving the soil environment for seedling emergence and plant growth is possible using a good tillage system. From March 1993 until June 1994, the effect of tillage system and plant residue incorporation practices on the bulk density and the soil strength of the surface layer of a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert), on a less than 1 % slope, was investigated. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that R1 gave significantly higher bulk density than R2, while the different tillage treatments had no significant effect. Soil strength was significantly lower under T1 and R2 than under the other treatments.     

下部烟叶烘烤工艺研究

对下部烟叶烘烤研究结果表明，在３８℃使底棚烟叶变黄６成，然后升温到４１℃完成变黄，再以２小时１℃的速度升温定色，能有效地保证和提高烟叶的内在和外观品质     

不同风机、电机配置对密集式烤房烘烤性能的影响

研究了6种不同风机、电机配置对中型密集式烤房烘烤效果的影响。结果表明,在装烟竿距为12 cm的情况下,使用6号风机+1.5/1.1 kW电机时,烤房温差较小,风速大小适宜,烤后烟叶香气质好、香气量多,中上等烟比例大幅提高,且烘烤过程中能耗较低,经济效益明显。     

不同新能源类型密集烤房烘烤效果研究

通过烘烤试验对比,从烤房建造成本、运行参数、烘烤能耗用工、烤房控温精度、烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分、经济效益等方面探索内置式生物质烤房、密闭式热泵烤房、光伏一体化烤房的烘烤效果,旨在为曲靖烟区筛选最适宜的烤房类型以及为烟草行业的绿色可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明,密闭式热泵烤房烘烤能耗用工成本较低,控温精度、烤后烟叶质量、经济效益较好,是目前最适宜曲靖烟区的烤房类型；光伏一体化烤房建造成本高昂,且烘烤效果表现一般,目前推广难度较大,但可作为未来烤房的发展方向；内置式生物质烤房入门门槛较低,可在生物质颗粒供方市场成熟和电力配套设施不齐全的烟区加以应用。