镉对鲤遗传毒性和外周血细胞数量的影响

将鲤(Cyprinus carpio)分别暴露于0.16、0.31、0.63、1.26 mg/L Cd2+溶液中,研究Cd2+对鲤外周血红细胞微核率、核异常率、红细胞和白细胞数量的影响,探讨Cd2+对鲤遗传毒性和外周血细胞数量影响的变化规律和趋势。结果显示:Cd2+对鲤红细胞微核率和核异常率的影响存在浓度-效应和时间-效应关系。与对照组相比,1.26 mg/L Cd2+组鲤在不同暴露时间的红细胞微核率和核异常率均极显著(P<0.01),核异常率在72 h显著(P<0.05)增加,72 h后表现为极显著(P<0.01)增加。Cd2+对鲤外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞比例的影响存在浓度-效应和时间-效应关系。相同Cd2+浓度下,鲤淋巴细胞比例随暴露时间增加先降低后上升,同一暴露时间淋巴细胞比例随Cd2+浓度增加而降低。相同Cd2+浓度下,鲤单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞比例随暴露时间增加先升高后降低,同一暴露时间嗜中性粒细胞比例随Cd2+浓度增加而升高。研究表明,Cd2+对鲤具有遗传毒性效应,且随Cd2+浓度增加而增强。     

两种免疫增强制剂对早期断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元[杜×(大×长)]杂交仔猪15头,平均初始体重为(5.22±0.89)kg,随机分为3组:活性卵白组、活性酵母组和对照组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别口服卵白制剂及酵母制剂,剂量为10 mL/只,连续服用10 d。应用红细胞C3b受体花环(Erythrocyte C3bR,E-C3bR)试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环(ErythrocyteICR,E-ICR)试验,探讨两种免疫增强制剂在服药不同时间对断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示,活性卵白组和活性酵母组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR在服药后第1周、第2周都极显著的高于对照组(P<0.01),并于第2周达最高值。服药后第3周活性卵白组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR均维持在较高水平,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);而活性酵母组呈现明显下降趋势,与对照组无明显差异。结果表明,活性卵白组较活性酵母组具有更加持续稳定的红细胞免疫促进功能。     

草甘膦铵盐对3种滩涂动物抗氧化酶、丙二醛及大弹涂鱼红细胞微核的影响

为评价草甘膦对河口及滩涂水域生物的影响,采用室内人工染毒法,研究了草甘膦铵盐对可口革囊星虫Phascolosoma esculenta、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta Lamark和大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris 3种滩涂动物超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、丙二醛 (MDA) 及大弹涂鱼红细胞微核的影响。结果表明:经低浓度 (63.5 mg/L) 草甘膦短时间 (2 d) 染毒后,可口革囊星虫肠组织的SOD、CAT活性值及MDA含量分别为231.54、1.719 U/mg pro. 和0.60 nmol/mg pro.,3种指标均显著或极显著高于相应对照值 (204.88、1.521 U/mg pro. 和0.54 nmol/mg pro.),且随着药剂处理浓度增加,SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量均升高;但当染毒时间延长至8 d时,可口革囊星虫肠组织的SOD、CAT活性值及MDA含量均明显降低,分别为155.67、1.403 U/mg pro. 和0.53 nmol/mg pro.,显著低于对照,且随药剂处理浓度进一步增加,酶活性及MDA含量值降低更显著。草甘膦对缢蛏内脏团及大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量的影响表现出类似规律。此外,经低浓度 (53.5 mg/L) 草甘膦染毒8 d后,大弹涂鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率分别为17.00‰ 和21.33‰,均极显著高于相应对照值 (13.67‰ 和13.33‰),且随着草甘膦浓度增大,其红细胞微核率及核异常率均显著升高,表明大弹涂鱼对草甘膦有较高的敏感性。所得研究结果可为评价草甘膦对河口及滩涂水域生物的影响提供参考依据。     

Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a period of hyperoxia or after a period of hypoxia produced changes attributable to reactive oxygen species in anaesthetized horses.Study designProspective randomized experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy (ASA I) geldings, aged 4.5–9.5 years and weighing 510–640 kg^?1.MethodsAfter 30 minutes breathing air as carrier gas for isoflurane, horses were assigned randomly to breathe air as carrier gas (CG0.21) or oxygen as carrier gas (CG1.00) for a further 90 minutes. After an interval of 1 month each horse was re-anaesthetized with the other carrier gas for the 90 minute test period. Ventilation was controlled throughout anaesthesia. Arterial blood was sampled to measure gas tensions, lactate, cholesterol, vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, 8-epi-PGF_2α, half haemolysis time, half erythrolysis time, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy and coloured Doppler.ResultsAfter the first 30 minutes horses were hypoxemic. Subsequently the CG1.00 group became hyperoxaemic (PaO₂～240 mmHg) whereas the CG0.21 group remained hypoxaemic (PaO₂～60 mmHg) and had increased lactate concentration. No significant changes in vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, or 8-epi-PGF_2α concentrations were detected. During the 90 minute test period the CG0.21 group had increased resistance to free-radical-mediated lysis in erythrocytes, whereas the CG1.00 group had slightly decreased resistance of whole blood to haemolysis. CG0.21 induced a progressive muscle deoxygenation whereas CG1.00 induced an increase in muscle oxygen saturation followed by progressive deoxygenation towards baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDuring isoflurane anaesthesia in horses, the hyperoxia induced by changing from air to oxygen induced minimal damage from reactive oxygen species. Using air as the carrier gas decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation compared with using oxygen.     

季节性变化对荷斯坦奶牛红细胞钾含量及红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性的影响

产犊日期相近且处于产奶高峰期的35头奶牛,根据其夏季产奶量下降率的多少分为不耐热组和耐热组,其中下降率低于10%的被定为耐热组(n=16),下降率在40%以上的被定为不耐热组(n=19),分别测定春、夏两季奶牛红细胞钾含量和红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性,并分析其与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间的关系。结果表明:荷斯坦奶牛夏季血液中红细胞钾含量极显著高于春季(P<0.01),红细胞钾含量在同一季节、不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组奶牛春、夏两季的红细胞钾含量均显著高于耐热组(P<0.05);红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率呈中等强度正相关,其中春季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.569(P<0.05),夏季奶牛红细胞钾含量与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率的相关系数为r=0.529(P<0.05)。荷斯坦奶牛夏季红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力显著低于春季(P<0.05),红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活力在同一季节不同组别之间差异较大,不耐热组显著低于耐热组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,春季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产奶量下降率之间无显著相关性;夏季奶牛红细胞膜钠钾ATPase活性与奶牛夏季产...     

Hematologic values in calves during the first 6 months of life

BACKGROUND: Age-related changes in hematologic values are known to occur in many species. Few published studies include repeated measurements of hematologic parameters in calves during the first months of life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to monitor hematologic values by sequential measurements from birth to 6 months of age in 15 healthy calves of the Norwegian Red breed, and compare the results to reference intervals for adult, lactating dairy cows. METHODS: Fifteen clinically healthy calves were sampled every week during the first 5 weeks of life and every month thereafter until 6 months of age. Hematologic values were measured using the ADVIA 120 hematology system. Reference intervals were determined for 75 healthy adult cows of the same breed. RESULTS: Compared with adult reference intervals, the MCV was lower and the RBC count was higher in calves throughout the investigation period. Hemoglobin concentration stayed largely within the adult reference interval. Mean MCHC was lower than adult values for 5 weeks, then increased and reached adult values by weeks 10-12. The mean lymphocyte count for calves reached adult reference values at weeks 6-8, and the mean monocyte count increased steadily until weeks 14-16. For most leukocytes, interindividual variation was larger during the first 5-8 weeks of life. The mean platelet count for calves was higher than the adult reference interval until weeks 19-21 of age. CONCLUSIONS: Age-specific reference intervals for calves from birth to 6 month of age are needed for RBC count, MCV, MCHC, red cell distribution width, and platelet and lymphocyte counts.     

沙棘叶水溶性多糖分级组分抗氧化活性的研究

为了研究沙棘叶水溶性多糖分级组分的体外抗氧化活性,采用热水浸提、乙醇分级沉淀,得到沙棘叶水溶性多糖分级组分：WPFH60、WPFH70、WPFH80,经Sevag法脱蛋白,透析,冷冻干燥后备用。通过还原力、清除超氧阴离子、清除羟基自由基和抑制H2O2诱导红细胞氧化溶血试验来评价3个组分的体外抗氧化能力,并与BTH进行比较。结果表明：WPFH60、WPFH70和WPFH80均具有一定的抗氧化活性,且呈显著的量效关系。其中,WPFH70对O2-和OH-具有较强的清除作用,IC50分别为：311.1和179.9μg.mL-1;对H2O2诱导红细胞氧化溶血及MDA生成有很强的抑制作用,IC50分别为：194.3和174.5μg.mL-1。WPFH60、WPFH70和WPFH80在一定浓度范围内都具有抗氧化性,是一种天然的抗氧化剂。     

Season,sex and age variation in the haematology and body condition of geometric tortoises Psammobates geometricus

Body condition and haematological indices provide powerful information when assessing wildlife health. Reference intervals for these indices can facilitate wildlife management, and would benefit initiatives to save the Critically Endangered geometric tortoise (Psammobates geometricus). We collected data from 126 geometric tortoises to establish baseline values reflecting variation over four seasons (spring 2000 to winter 2001) and among three groups (female, male and juvenile). We measured body condition index (BCI; mass to shell volume), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma chloride, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and red blood cell count (RBC), and used PCV, Hb and RBC to calculate erythrocyte indices. BCI correlated poorly with haematological measures but had a strong inverse relationship with BUN. BCI did not vary among groups, but all groups had low condition indices in autumn, the end of the dry season. High BUN and chloride values in autumn indicate dehydration, particularly in males. Males had the highest PCV, Hb and RBC values, especially during summer and autumn when they moved long distances, likely pursuing mates. Female and juvenile indices were similar, except that female Hb was higher than juvenile Hb, possibly to meet female energy needs associated with their large size and reproductive metabolism. Low Hb levels in winter coincided with low temperatures and reduced movements. Our results illustrate how intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence the physiology of geometric tortoises and provide reference intervals to monitor their health.     

抗猪附红细胞体药物体外筛选试验

为筛选抗猪附红细胞体的有效药物,采用体外培养方法,对常用的治疗药物以及兰州畜牧与兽药研究所新兽药重点开放实验室研制的青蒿琥酯纳米乳进行体外筛选。通过镜检计数红细胞胞染虫率判断其作用效果,并进一步筛选部分有效药物作用质量浓度。结果表明,在体外盐酸吖啶黄效果最好,当质量浓度为500μg/mL时能起到较好的抗猪附红细胞体的作用,且在有效质量浓度范围内对红细胞的影响较轻微;其次为青蒿琥酯纳米乳,但培养过程中红细胞有崩解现象;强力霉素,贝尼尔对猪附红细胞体有一定作用;其他药物无作用。