OsSCE1 Encoding SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme Involves in Drought Stress Response of Oryza sativa

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzymes are involved in post-translational regulatory processes in eukaryotes, including the conjugation of SUMO peptides to protein substrate (SUMOylation). SUMOylation plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as salt, drought, heat and cold. Herein, we reported the isolation of OsSCE1 (LOC_Os10g39120) gene encoding a SUMO-conjugating enzyme from rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) and its functional validation in response to drought stress. The E2 enzyme, OsSCE1, is one of three key enzymes involved in the conjugation of SUMO to its target proteins. Activated SUMO is transferred to the cysteine of an E2 enzyme and then to the target lysine residue of the substrate, with or without the help of an E3 SUMO ligase. Expression of OsSCE1 was strongly induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) treatment, which suggested OsSCE1 may be involved in the drought stress response. Overexpression of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-OX) in Nipponbare reduced the tolerance to drought stress. Conversely, the drought tolerance was slightly improved by the knockdown of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-KD). These results were further supported by measurement of proline content in OsSCE1-OX and OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines under induced drought stress, which showed OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines accumulated higher proline content than the wild type, whereas OsSCE1-OX line had lower proline content than the wild type. These findings suggested OsSCE1 may play a role as a negative regulator in response to drought stress in rice.     

The effect of β‐1,3‐glucan derived from Euglena gracilis (Algamune™) on the innate immunological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Algamune^? is a commercial additive produced from Euglena gracilis, providing a rich source of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon. Isolated kidney phagocytes of Nile tilapia were incubated with graded doses (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μg/ml) of Algamune^? and purified paramylon to gauge their ability to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species. A linear response was observed for extracellular superoxide anion for both sources but only Algamune^? for intracellular superoxide anion. After corroborating the immunostimulant properties ex vivo, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Algamune^? (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of diet) for Nile tilapia. Fish were fed for 3 weeks, after which, fish were sampled for blood and head kidney phagocytes. The remaining fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Macrophage extracellular superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in fish fed diets with 200 mg of Algamune^? kg^?1 when compared to fish fed the basal diet. Even though the disease challenge did not show statistical differences, it is worth mentioning that fish fed intermediate doses of Algamune^? had lowest numerical mortality values. Therefore, Algamune^? was demonstrated to enhance some immunological responses of tilapia both in ex vivo and in vivo.     

微波消解石墨炉原子吸收法测定水产品中铅的研究

采用微波消解进行样品前处理,以磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,建立了分析水产品中铅含量的石墨炉原子吸收法,并对样品前处理方法和检测条件进行探讨与优化。结果表明,通过添加基体改进剂,仪器的响应值显著增加;样品铅浓度范围在0—50wg／L之间时,铅浓度与其吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为r=0．9990。利用国家标准物质牡蛎和对虾验证了方法的准确度与精密度,测定值在标准物的允许误差范围内,相对标准偏差分别为2．7％和3．3％,回收率分别为96．2％、94．8％和106．0％、96．5％。表明该方法具有简便、快捷、灵敏度高、准确可靠等优点,适合水产品中铅含量的检测。     

凡纳滨对虾类泛素折叠修饰蛋白Ufm1基因克隆、序列分析及结构预测

【目的】了解类泛素折叠修饰蛋白（Ufml）的结构特征和蛋白功能,为进一步探究Ufml基因功能提供参考。【方法】以同一生长性状分离凡纳滨对虾家系的肌肉组织为材料,构建凡纳滨对虾生长性状差减。DNA文库,通过斑点杂交筛选获得Ufml基因,经全长cDNA文库筛选获得ufml基因全长序列。【结果】Ufml基因全长cDNA序列长714bp,包含261bp的开放阅读框,推测编码的蛋白质为86个氨基酸,预测的分子量为9．3ku,等电点pI为6．55;其编码蛋白无信号肽,无跨膜区域,可能定位于细胞质中,属于亲水性蛋白,含有1个酪蛋白激酶II磷酸化位点、1个N-糖基化位点、2个蛋白激酶c磷酸化位点;序列同源性分析表明,不同进化地位物种的Ufml基因存在较高的同源性。【结论】Ufml基因在系统进化上高度保守,这为进一步探究Ufml基因功能及原核表达等奠定了基础。     

基体改进剂对重楼中砷·汞含量测定的影响

[目的]探讨重楼中微量元素砷、汞含量的测定方法,为重楼药材毒副作用评价体系提供参考。[方法]采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）,通过对基体改进剂硝酸镍、氯化钯的用量,酸性介质,灰化温度,原子化温度等试验参数进行优化,探索了基体改进剂对重楼中砷、汞含量测定的影响。[结果]加入硝酸镍、氯化钯不仅能提高砷、汞的灰化温度和原子化温度,还能提高测定的灵敏度和精密度,且重现性好。[结论]加入基体改进剂的方法快速、可靠,为重楼中砷、汞含量测定提供了一种简便有效的方法。     

莴笋-空心菜-莴笋种植模式下不同改良剂对退化土壤中植株养分利用的影响

在退化土壤中添加不同改良剂,通过莴笋-空心菜-莴笋的盆栽试验,对比分析了6种改良剂对蔬菜产量、品质、养分的影响,以期为评价改良剂对退化土壤中的植株养分的利用效果提供科学依据。结果表明,1)不同改良剂处理能有效提高蔬菜产量,其中化肥配施生物质灰渣(NPKH)和化肥配施生物肥(NPKW)处理的蔬菜产量增幅最大。2)各处理较CK提高了蔬菜体内N{Invalid MML}-N含量,本试验中莴笋的硝酸盐含量符合GB/T15401规定,未对莴笋品质产生不利影响;而化肥配施改良剂比单施化肥(NPK)有利于降低莴笋中N{Invalid MML}-N含量,以NPKW处理最佳,较NPK处理下降了7.8%~63.0%。与单施化肥相比,NPKH处理提高了蔬菜氨基酸含量,降低了硝酸盐含量,提高了氮肥表观利用率。3)NPKH处理的肥料农学利用率较高,可以有效提高莴笋中全磷、全钾含量,其中全钾含量较CK显著提高了43.4%~58.9%;NPKH和NPKW处理在空心菜种植期间,对氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的农学利用率较高,提高了空心菜对全氮、全磷、全钾营养元素的吸收量。研究表明化肥配施改良剂,特别是化肥配施生物质灰渣或生物肥可以提高蔬菜养分利用率,增加产量的同时降低硝酸盐的累积。     

不同土壤改良剂对滴灌模式下次生盐碱化土壤改良效果研究

为筛选出适合当地滴管模式下次生盐碱化土壤的土壤改良剂,在常年滴灌、次生盐碱化严重的地块,选用5种不同土壤改良剂进行大田试验,研究其对次生盐碱化土壤的改良效果。结果表明：施用土壤改良剂能在一定程度上改善次生盐碱化土壤结构,降低土壤盐分,提高土壤养分,对糯玉米株高的影响表现出循序渐进的趋势,对糯玉米叶绿素含量的影响表现出“前强、中弱、后平”的趋势,而且能够提高糯玉米的产量、产值、净增产及产量构成,但对土壤含水量、全氮含量、糯玉米茎周的影响不明显。不同土壤改良剂适宜性综合判定结果为：滴施型土壤改良剂在改善土壤理化性质和提高糯玉米产量方面较基施型土壤改良剂效果显著,滴施型聚马来酸类的盐碱土改良剂最适宜当地次生盐碱化土壤,其次为黄腐植酸类的盐碱土壤改良剂。     

两种基体改进剂在蔬菜样品农药残留基质效应中的补偿作用

建立了蔬菜中有机磷、有机氯和菊酯类农药等43种化合物的气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,评价了分析过程中添加基体改进剂L-古洛糖酸γ-内酯(AP)和D-山梨醇(SLC)对农残分析中基质效应补偿作用的影响。结果表明,对大多数有机磷农药,尤其是甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧乐果等基质敏感农药而言,AP具有显着的基质补偿作用,能够实现对基质敏感农药的保护和非基质敏感农药不受影响,平均回收率为82.4%～120.7%,RSD为0.7%～3.5%;加入基体改进剂AP的方法可以代替基质匹配校正方法进行有机磷农药的检测和定量。对于常规基质中的有机氯和菊酯类农药,只需添加AP就能实现对基质效应的补偿作用,大部分农药回收率能达到80%～120%,说明加入AP的方法同样可以代替基质匹配校正方法;对于复杂基质中的有机氯农药,除o,p'-滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴涕外,基体改进剂的加入能够起到明显的补偿作用,且以AP和SLC的混合溶液的补偿效果最佳;对于菊酯类农药,这2种基体改进剂的3种组合补偿效果不尽相同,还需进一步研究。总之,所建立的基体改进剂方法结合简捷高效的前处理方法及高灵敏度的GC-MS/MS多残留检测方法,可用于蔬菜等农产品中农药多残留的分析检测。     

用ＨＲＧＣ/ＨＲＭＳ测定开放式生活垃圾焚烧残余物及周边土壤中的ＰＣＤＤｓ/ＰＣＤＦｓ

以广东省东南沿海某开放式生活垃圾焚烧场为研究对象,用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱同位素稀释法测定了垃圾焚烧场底灰、焚烧残余物及周边土壤中的多氯代二苯并对二嗯英和多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDDs/PCDFs).结果表明,PCDDs/PCDFs的总浓度为161～4 670 ng·kg~(-1),毒性当量为1.10～45.8 ngWHO_(1998)-TEQ·kg~(-1),其中采自垃圾焚烧场的3个样品浓度为30～45 ngWHO_(1998)-TEQ·kg~(-1),剩余的土壤样品中有3个样品其浓度为4～35 ng WHO_(1998)-TEQ·kg~(-1),其余的2个样品浓度<4 ng WHO_(1998)-TEQ·kg~(-1).对比加拿大的土壤指导性标准,75%的测定样品浓度高于该标准,即土壤背景浓度,有25%的样品低于此背景浓度.将垃圾焚烧场焚烧残余物作为土壤改良剂造成受施土壤的PCDDs/PCDFs污染严重,需引起有关部门的高度重视.     

角蛋白改性剂在模压门板生产上的应用

根据角蛋白改性剂的特性,在试验基础上,同时在模压门板生产线上进行了生产中试,研究了其作为改性剂生产E_0门板的可行性,结果表明:角蛋白改性剂提高了模压板材的力学性能,进一步提高了成品板质量,在降低甲醛释放量上也有显著的效果,可生产E_0级模压门板;在提高板材的力学性能方面,粉状改性剂比膏状改性剂效果更好,并根据中试结果综合分析,得出制作最佳力学性能模压板材的方案为粉状改性剂添加10%。