不同日龄略阳乌鸡生长发育观测及屠宰差异分析

为了探究略阳乌鸡在当前舍饲+放养的饲养模式下不同日龄的生长发育、屠宰性能差异性,采用饲养试验观测和测定了不同日龄略阳乌鸡公、母鸡的外貌、体重、屠宰性能和肉质营养分析等指标,并对试验数据进行了分析。结果表明：略阳乌鸡体重随着日龄的增大而增大,大日龄鸡的体重极显著地高于小日龄鸡,且公鸡体重极显著地高于同期母鸡;120d之后,略阳乌鸡外貌发育基本达到成年鸡要求;略阳乌鸡在150d测定的各项屠宰指标、鸡胸肉中蛋白质和脂肪含量均高于120d;鸡胸肉中全氨基酸（TAA）、必需氨基酸（EAA）和非必须氨基酸(NEAA)含量在日龄和性别间无显著差异。研究结果可为略阳乌鸡出栏时间的确定提供了一定数据参考。     

Diagnostic evaluation and short-term outcome as indicators of long-term prognosis in horses with findings suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease treated with corticosteroids and anthelmintics

Background

Recurrent colic and unexplained weight loss despite good appetite and adequate feeding and management practices are common conditions in the horse. However, little information has been published on the systematic diagnostic evaluation, response to treatment, prognostic factors or outcome of either presentation. The aims of this study were to 1) identify possible prognostic indicators and 2) report the short- and long-term response to treatment with corticosteroid therapy of a variety of horses with a presumptive diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Thirty-six horses with a history of recurrent colic and/or unexplained weight loss were screened with a detailed clinical, clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging examination. Twenty horses were subsequently selected that had findings consistent with inflammatory bowel disease based on the fulfilment of one or more of the following additional inclusion criteria: hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, malabsorption, an increased intestinal wall thickness on ultrasonographic examination or histopathological changes in rectal biopsy. These 20 horses were treated with a standardized larvicidal anthelmintic regime and a minimum of three weeks of corticosteroid therapy.

Results

The initial response to treatment was good in 75% (15/20) of horses, with a 3-year survival rate of 65% (13/20). The overall 3-year survival in horses that responded to initial treatment (12/15) was significantly higher (P = 0.031) than in those that did not respond to initial treatment (1/5). The peak xylose concentration was significantly (P = 0.048) higher in survivors (1.36 ± 0.44 mmol/L) than non-survivors (0.94 ± 0.36 mmol/L).

Conclusions

The overall prognosis for long-term survival in horses with a presumptive diagnosis of IBD appears to be fair to moderate, and the initial response to anthelmintic and corticosteroid therapy could be a useful prognostic indicator. The findings of the present study suggest that a low peak xylose concentration in absorption testing is associated with a less favourable prognosis, supporting the use of this test.     

利用金荞麦替代部分精料饲喂育肥猪的增重效果试验

试验在生长育肥猪日粮中使用金荞麦,以减少精料的使用量,观察其对猪日增重及经济效益的影响.结果表明：利用金荞麦在育肥前期（30 ～60 kg）减少12％、后期（60 ～ 90 kg）减少16％的精料使用量,对猪的日增重无影响（P＞0.05）,但可节省精料,节约成本,每增重1 kg的饲料成本可降低0.61元,每头猪1d可增加收益0.31元.     

庄河大骨鸡育成期生长特点研究

为了解庄河大骨鸡现有群体育成期的生长特点,本研究对庄河大骨鸡育成期720余只母鸡和100余只公鸡的体重进行了3个时间点的测定,深入分析了群体的增重和变异情况。研究发现,除8w母鸡群体外,其他时间点的公母鸡群体的体重和增重变异度均超过10%,母鸡的变异度高于公雏;不仅公母雏间生长发育规律不同,而且同性别群体内部生长发育规律也呈现明显的多样性。     

摄食促进剂对对虾生长的影响

IntroductionMeasures to assure that all feed offered to animals in commercial operation is consumed and to reduceformulated feed waste pollution,have been considered as some of the most relevant for lowering productioncosts in aquaculture.Considering the importance of chemical stimulant in development of the crustacean lifecircle,it is logical to assume that by adding attractants to the feed,the animal would rapidly find potentialfeed and ingest it.Additionally,measures involving the incorpora…     

我国区域间气候智能型农业平衡发展及障碍度研究

当前全球气候变化的严峻挑战下，实施气候智能型农业（Climate-Smart Agriculture，简称CSA）的理念与方法有助于保障我国农业生产的稳定性与可持续性。本研究以中国九大农业区为研究对象，选取2010—2021年省级面板数据，运用熵权法、平衡发展指数模型、障碍度模型，对中国各农业区的气候智能型农业发展指数（CSA-DI）、气候智能型农业平衡发展指数（CSA-BDI）、气候智能型农业发展障碍因素进行了实证研究。结果显示：2010—2021年，大部分农业区的CSA-DI和CSA-BDI均呈现提升趋势，其中四川盆地及周边地区、东北平原区、黄淮海平原区、云贵高原区表现尤为显著。尽管重点产区在系统性、整体性与协同性原则方面取得了初步成效，但在粮食安全、气候变化适应性与减缓农业碳排放等方面仍存在提升的空间。部分农业区则面临对资源禀赋过于依赖、经济发展与农业发展难以协同等问题。根据评价结果本研究提出了一系列政策建议，包括匹配模块化发展方案、划定资源保护红线、进行CSA技术归纳与应用、推动“农林牧融合”综合试点等。这些建议旨在促进各地区气候智能型农业的发展，实现成果共享与责任共担。     

An analysis of age and body weight at first calving for Holsteins in the United States

In a national survey of US dairy producers, only 2.7 ± 0.5% of Holstein dairy operations reported achieving recommended target ranges of age ≤ 24 months and body weight (BW) ≥ 550 kg at first calving. Allowing for wider target ranges, still only 14.6 ± 1.3% of Holstein dairy operations reported achieving age ≤ 25 months and BW ≥ 544.3 kg at first calving. Ages of individual first-calf heifers observed at calving were heavily skewed toward older individuals. Dairy producers reported an average age at first calving that was 1.3 months lower than the mean and 1.0 months lower than median age of first-calf heifers' observed calving on the operations. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the herd characteristics associated with producers reporting first calvings within the wider age and BW target ranges for Holsteins. Rolling herd average milk production ≥ 7711 kg/yr, using a computer for recordkeeping, and not tying preweaned heifers in a barn with cows, were associated with achieving the target BW and age at first calving.     

蛋鸡种蛋蛋重对孵化率和雏鸡生长发育的影响

将豫州褐壳蛋的种蛋按重量大小分成6组，在相同的条件下进行孵化和饲养试验。结果表明，蛋重在53－56克的种蛋，其受精蛋孵化率最高；不同的蛋重对雏鸡的初生重以及雏鸡在1－3周龄的体重影响较大，蛋重与初生重（γ=0．9899）、1周龄体重（γ＝0．9528）的相关极显著；蛋重与2周龄体重（γ＝0．9032）、3周龄体重（γ＝0．9040）相关显著，与3周龄以后雏鸡体重相关不显著。     

聚类分析在西瓜抗枯萎病品系筛选中的应用

对28个西瓜品种进行抗枯萎病筛选．苗期用特定浓度接种，每隔7d调查其感病情况及植株生长情况．株高、茎粗、叶片数等生长势指标与发病率均呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为－0．5480、－0．6052、－0．8114．利用聚类分析方法统计，把28个西瓜品种按其抗性表现归类，从而得出抗病水平不同的各组西瓜品种，并筛选出一组抗性水平相当高的品种．为选育高抗西瓜品种以及研究各西瓜品种的抗病性关系提供了一种简捷的科学方法．