河南省部分地区鸡志贺氏菌病病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了对河南省部分地区鸡志贺氏菌病的病原进行分离鉴定和药物敏感性调查,对河南省6个地区的鸡腹泻病病料进行了细菌学检查,经细菌分离培养、形态染色镜检、生化试验和动物试验,共分离鉴定出12株鸡源志贺氏菌。血清学试验结果显示,分离菌株存在种和型的差异,其中8株为福氏志贺氏菌,3株为鲍氏多价志贺氏菌,1株为痢疾Ⅱ型志贺氏菌。动物试验结果表明,分离的12株鸡志贺氏菌均具有致病性,且毒力不同,其中,从三门峡分离的菌株有很强的毒力,发病率和死亡率均为100%。药敏试验结果显示,大多数鸡志贺氏菌对氨苄/舒巴坦和阿米卡星较为敏感,对其他药物具有严重的耐药性,且不同地区分离的鸡志贺氏菌对药物的敏感性不同。     

两株芽孢杆菌的鉴定

通过对2株芽孢杆菌的形态学、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列同源性分析,发现B02号菌株与Ba-cillus cereus的同源性为100%,系统发育树分析与Bacillus cereus遗传关系最近,确定该菌株为Bacillus ce-reus。而B03号菌株与Bacillus cereus的同源性为98%,要确定其种还需进一步DNA杂交;该2株芽孢杆菌的芽胞数在1.0×1012个/kg体重以下安全无毒。2株芽孢杆菌的药敏性试验和拮抗性试验结果表明,参试菌对5类抗菌药物大多数都很敏感;对4种动物肠道病原菌无明显拮抗作用。通过酶系测定,参试菌都具有一定SOD酶活性。喂养实验结果表明,2株菌对雏鸡具有一定的防病治病效果。以上结论初步证明该菌株的抑病促生机理主要是生物夺氧和有益代谢产物的作用,而非优势种群、生物拮抗作用。     

Relative susceptibility of four species of African mahogany to the shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the moist semideciduous forest of Ghana

We examined the relative susceptibility of four mahogany species, Khaya ivorensis, Khaya anthotheca, Entandrophragma angolense, and E. utile, to Hypsipyla robusta attack. Seeds were obtained from one to three parent trees for each species. The research was conducted in the moist semideciduous forest zone in Ghana and used a randomized complete block design. Tree height and diameter and height to first branch were measured until 24 months after out-planting in the field. H. robusta damage was assessed by counting the numbers of shoots attacked, branches, and dead shoots. Khaya spp. grew better but experienced more attack than Entandrophragma spp. The relative susceptibility to H. robusta attack, from most to least, of the four species was: K. anthotheca > K. ivorensis > E. angolense > E. utile. At 24 months, the mean number of shoots attacked per tree ranged from 1.0 for an E. utile seed source to 3.6 on for a K. anthotheca seed source. At 15 months, K. anthotheca and K. ivorensis started branching at about 1.5 m, but height of clear trunk increased over time due to self-pruning. As K. anthotheca grew taller, the number of H. robusta attacks per tree declined. This suggested that selection of genotypes and species that are tolerant of H. robusta attack based on infestation of young plants may not be appropriate. Genetic factors more completely reflecting the response of different species and genotypes to H. robusta attack may manifest themselves at later growth stages.     

不同抗病性小麦及后代光能转化特性研究

以亲本抗病与不抗病以及他们的分离后代的抗白粉病和感白粉病植株为材料,对其光合转化特性进行了比较研究。结果表明,无论是亲本还是后代,抗病植株旗叶的光合性能高于感病植株旗叶,其中光合速率(Pn),气孔导度(GS)的差异达到了极显著性差异水平(P<0.01),其余的差异不显著(P>0.05),同时发现感病植株旗叶的蒸腾速率(Evap)比抗病性植株的高;从亲本和分离后代水平来看,亲本感病材料(SY95-71)与抗病材料(7034)的光合速率(Pn),气孔导度(GS)等要低于分离后代,并且都达到了极显著性差异(P<0.01);而荧光参数则高于后代,但是统计分析表明差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

环境条件与柞蚕发生核型多角体病的关系

对柞蚕的蛹、卵、幼虫进行不同环境条件处理试验,调查柞蚕核型多角体病自然发病率。结果下列情况促使柞蚕发生较多的核型多角体病:暖茧期蚕蛹和孵卵期蚕卵长期接触高温多湿(27℃、90％)、低温多湿(15℃、90％);低温(7—8℃)抑制蚕卵胚子15天以上;春柞蚕卵在自然室温(13℃—19℃)保存30天以上;出蚕期卵层堆积厚度1.5cm以上;幼嫩饲料;“下河”蚁蚕的河滩畦芽育;五龄饷食蚕受到38℃3小时高温冲击。     

一株鸭源巴氏杆菌的分离与药敏实验

对扬州邗江区某养殖户送检的4只病死高邮麻鸭进行剖检,取病死鸭肝脏进行细菌分离,在鲜血琼脂培养基上经过37℃培养24 h后,出现灰白色、湿润、边缘整齐、露珠状、不溶血的小菌落;在麦康凯培养基上不生长。病料触片经美蓝染色后镜检发现呈蓝紫色、两端着色深、中间着色浅的球杆菌;生化特性符合多杀性巴氏杆菌特性;药敏试验该菌对头孢曲松钠、复方新诺明、多粘菌素B等药物有较强的敏感性。     

Evaluation of resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra cultivars

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the major limiting factors affecting plant growth and yield causing an estimated $100 billion loss per year worldwide. Synthetic pesticides, though instantaneously effective, are usually prohibitively expensive, not readily available, may cause hazards to both man and livestock, and inflict injury to the environment. Notable among the alternatives to nematicides is the use of resistant cultivars which are inexpensive and eco-friendly. In the present studies, twelve okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) cultivars were evaluated for their resistance against M. incognita under field conditions. Ten-day old okra plants of test cultivars were inoculated with 3000 freshly hatched second stage juveniles of M. incognita. The nematode caused reductions in various growth parameters of all the cultivars to varying levels over their respective controls. None of the cultivars was found completely resistant. The cultivar ‘Sharmeeli’ was highly susceptible as >100 galls were recorded on the roots. Sharmeeli also showed maximum reductions in growth among the cultivars evaluated. The cultivars Anmol and Sindha were susceptible with 71–100 galls. The cultivars Sabz Pari, Super Star, PMS-55 and PMS Beauty were moderately susceptible with 31–70 galls and comparatively less reductions in growth. Cultivars Sanam, Dikshah, Arka Anamika, Ikra-1 and Ikra-2 with 11–30 galls were rated as moderately resistant and showed less damage by the nematode as compared to susceptible cultivars and their planting could provide a useful tool to control root-knot nematodes.     

江西不同地区小菜蛾对9种杀虫剂的敏感性比较

2013年采取浸叶法测定了江西省5个地区田间小菜蛾对9种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明:小菜蛾5个地理种群对BT、溴虫腈和丁醚脲表现为敏感至低水平抗性;对啶虫隆、氯虫苯甲酰胺和茚虫威均表现为中等及其以下水平抗性;对阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯已产生了高水平的抗性。除了吉水种群对多杀菌素表现出高抗外,其余4个种群均表现出中等或中等以下水平抗性。     

不同化性苜蓿切叶蜂(Megachile rotundata F.)成蜂对白僵菌敏感性的差异

室内测定了不同化性苜蓿切叶蜂成蜂对球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana(Balsamo))的敏感性。在28℃,RH60%的条件下,喷施白僵菌后二化种群死亡速度较快,72h后死亡率为67%,而一化种群72h后死亡率为38%。结果表明,成蜂对白僵菌的敏感性在化性间存在差异,二化种群成蜂对球孢白僵菌具有较高的敏感性(P<0.05),抗性较差。