Susceptibility of Louisiana and Florida populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to transgenic Agrisure®Viptera™ 3111 corn

In the United States, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a target species of transgenic corn (Zea mays L.) expressing pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis proteins. In 2011, a total of 150 F₂ two-parent families of S. frugiperda were established using single-pair matings of feral individuals collected from three locations in Louisiana and Florida. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of these field derived families of S. frugiperda to a pyramided Bt corn hybrid containing Agrisure^®Viptera™ 3111 traits. For each F₂ family, 96 neonates were assayed on leaf tissue of Agrisure^®Viptera™ 3111 corn in the laboratory. None of the 150 families survived for 7 days on leaf tissue of the Bt corn plants. The results demonstrate that the field populations of S. frugiperda collected from Louisiana and Florida were susceptible to the pyramided Bt corn product containing Agrisure^®Viptera™ 3111 traits. The data generated in this study can be used as baseline data for resistance monitoring.     

茶尺蠖对不同品系EoNPV敏感性的地理差异研究

就8个省份(湖北、河南、浙江、江西、福建、安徽、湖南和贵州)茶尺蠖种群对2个品系EoNPV-Z(中国农科院茶叶研究所提供)和EoNPV-W(湖北农科院果茶研究所提供)的敏感性差异进行研究.结果表明,浙江种群接种EoNPV-Z后死亡速度最快,接种13d后,死亡率达到100％,致死中浓度(LC50)为1.78×104pIB/mL,而河南种群对EoNPV-Z的敏感性最低,与浙江种群的差异性达553.4倍；浙江种群对EoNPV-W亦最敏感,致死中浓度(LC50)为3.73×104 PIB/mL,而贵州种群的抗性最强,LC50是浙江种群的163.5倍；对两株病毒的致死中时间(LT50)进行比较,EoNPV-W除对贵州种群的LT50大于EoNPV-Z外,对其他种群的LT50均小于EoNPV-Z.综合考虑LC50和LT502个参数,EoNPV-Z对浙江和贵州两种群茶尺蠖的致病效果较好；而EoNPV-W对其他6个种群茶尺蠖的致病力相对较强.     

文蛤中1株河流弧菌的分离·鉴定以及药敏试验

[目的]弄清河流弧菌对海水贝类的危害性,为预防该菌所引起的水产动物疾病提供参考依据。[方法]使用TCBS培养基从文蛤生物体内分离出1株弧菌,对其进行鉴定、致病性以及药敏试验。[结果]分离的弧菌为革兰氏阴性,根据其生理生化特性可初步鉴定为河流弧菌。动物试验结果表明,这株河流弧菌对昆明小鼠具有较强的致病性。河流弧菌对四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、氟哌酸、先锋赛、先锋必、丁胺卡那高度敏感,对安卡青霉素、青霉素G、先锋霉素V、利福平耐药。[结论]临床上,应将选用四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、氟哌酸、先锋赛、先锋必、丁胺卡那作为治疗河流弧菌的首选药物。     

玉米子粒耐破碎性及其评价与测试方法

玉米子粒破碎及其耐破碎性受多种因素影响,收获时子粒含水率偏高是导致当前玉米子粒破碎率偏高的根本原因。不同品种由于形态、结构和化学组分等的不同及其生长发育所处的环境、栽培措施、烘干存储条件等不同,呈现不同的破碎敏感性,不同品种子粒在相同含水率条件下表现出明显的破碎率差异。子粒耐破碎性目前多采用子粒破碎敏感性和子粒硬度等指标来评价与测定。综述玉米子粒耐破碎性的主要影响因素,子粒破碎敏感度和硬度的定义与测定方法,提出今后重点研究方向,为选育耐破碎品种和制定机械粒收降低破碎率的措施提供参考。     

新型吸管式药敏检测盒的应用及山东省禽源病原菌抗药性监测网络的构建

为了适应兽医临床的简陋条件和在分散的养殖场进行联合抗药性监测,按照药敏试验中试管稀释法原理研制灵敏、准确、稳定、操作简单、无需专门仪器设备的原位吸管式药敏检测盒,4-7h快速判断11种药物对目标病原菌敏感性,指导临床用药,并在肉鸡养殖中进行了应用;同时联合六和、中慧、正大、九联、民和、春雪、益生等省内大型养殖企业,借助企业的技术体系建立山东省动物源病原菌抗药性监测网络、数据库、菌种库,利用网络技术对抗药性数据进行收集、汇总,并实现网上查询,对了解跟踪山东省动物源病原茵抗药性发展规律具有重要参考价值。     

Tomato spotted wilt virus triggers specific and shared defense mechanisms in hypersensitive and susceptible Solanaceae hosts

In situ and in vitro techniques were employed to investigate the metabolic changes caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus in hypersensitive and susceptible hosts; Petunia hybrida and Nicotiana tabacum, respectively. In petunia, H₂O₂ accumulation preceded increased peroxidase and shikimate dehydrogenase activity at local lesion sites. In systemic tobacco plants, peroxidase activity was induced prior to symptom onset and the activity of shikimate dehydrogenase was disrupted upon viral infection. Taken together, our data suggest that reactive oxygen species-based mechanisms of defense are shared by hypersensitive and susceptible hosts, although downstream components and regulatory mechanisms are distinct.     

Absence of strictly age-related resistance to Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection in 6-week-old pigs

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae has never been reported to cause arthritis in pigs younger than 10 weeks of age. In order to investigate whether a strict age-related resistance exists, four 6-week-old pigs and four 13-week-old pigs, all immunologically na?ve with respect to M. hyosynoviae, were inoculated intranasally with the agent and autopsied at day 11 or 13 after infection. One uninoculated pig per age group was included as a negative control. Just as the 13-week-old pigs, the 6-week-old piglets were susceptible to blood, joint and tonsillar infection with M. hyosynoviae and developed clinical arthritis following inoculation with the agent. Thus, we found no evidence of an age-related resistance to the infection.     

香蕉品种对枯萎病菌感病性与对病菌毒素敏感性之间的相关性

为明确香蕉品种对香蕉枯萎病菌感病性与对病菌粗毒素敏感性之间的相关性,采用根部病菌孢子接种测定了36份香蕉品种苗对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种的感病性,以及采用植株根部和叶片毒素处理测定了5份香蕉品种苗对病菌粗毒素的敏感性。结果表明,天宝角蕉(AAA)、柴蕉(AAA)、广粉1号(AAB)和贡蕉(AA)表现抗病,哥斯达黎加蕉(AAA)和抗枯5号(AAA)表现中抗;感病品种对毒素的敏感性高于抗病品种。通过香蕉不同品种的病情指数、萎蔫指数和叶片损伤面积的差别分析,发现香蕉苗期对枯萎病菌感病性与对病菌粗毒素敏感性之间存在正相关性,60d龄期的假植苗病情指数与其叶片损伤面积之间存在显著的正相关性。因而叶片毒素处理法测量香蕉假植苗中部叶片损伤面积可作为一种快速区别香蕉抗病能力的有效方法。     

白肋烟青枯菌的分离鉴定及药敏性研究

[目的]分离鉴定白肋烟青枯菌并测定该菌对6种杀菌剂的药敏性。[方法]采用半选择培养基（PCCG）和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术相结合的方法,对四川省达州市白肋烟茎秆中的青枯菌进行分离,并对其生化型进行了鉴定;通过药敏试验,研究了所得青枯病菌在实验室条件下对叶枯唑、乙蒜素、农用硫酸链霉素、石硫合剂、47%聚赖氨酸、99%曲酸6种杀菌剂的敏感性。[结果]共分离得到23株青枯菌,均为生化Ⅲ型。分离所得青枯菌株对乙蒜素、农用硫酸链霉素、叶枯唑较为敏感,其中乙蒜素对烟草青枯病菌有良好的防治效果,其EC50为0.086 ml/L。[结论]为白肋烟青枯病的防治提供了理论依据。     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

对陕西商洛某养殖场病死兔解剖、无菌采取病料,从病料中分离到1株革兰阴性小杆菌,经生物学特性试验和生理生化试验鉴定,为兔支气管败血波氏杆菌.药敏试验结果表明,该分离菌株对环丙沙星、氟哌酸、氧氟沙星等抗生素高度敏感;对氯霉素、红霉素、四环素等抗生素耐药.外毒素试验和动物致病性试验对小白鼠均有致病作用.