甜高粱茎秆液态发酵制取乙醇工艺技术

甜高粱茎秆液态发酵制取乙醇工艺技术是国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)《甜高粱茎秆制取乙醇》(课题编号:2001AA 514040)项目中关键技术之一,本文简要的论述了该项技术的工艺流程、工作原理和性能指标。该项研究成果主要以甜高粱茎秆汁液为原料,采用固定化酵母流化床快速发酵工艺,并克服了固定化细胞技术中普遍存在的载体机械强度低、使用寿命短等技术难题,同时根据乙醇酵母的生理、生化特性制定了一套适用于高技术的乙醇生产新工艺。该项技术具有发酵速度快、发酵率高,成熟醪酒份高、残糖低、能耗低。     

Cloning of vacuolar H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase subunit c genes from Japanese iris,and functional characterization in yeast

Five different isoforms (IrlVHA-c1-c5) of V-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c) were cloned from a Japanese iris (Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis Fisch. Koidz) cDNA library using degenerate primers PCR and the 5'-RACE technique. The sequence analysis showed the open reading frame (ORF) of the IrlVHA-c1 c5 to be 495 bp, corresponding to a protein of 164 amino acids. Among the five isoforms, IrlVHA-c1 and IrlVHA-c2 are completely homologous. The IrlVHA-c protein is localized at the vacuolar membrane as indicated by a g...     

酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究进展

该文对酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究现状进行了综述，其中包括防治效果、防治机理、防治的优势及最新研究成果。许多酵母菌对果蔬采后病害具有明显的抑制作用，酵母菌抑制霉菌的机理主要在于营养与空间的竞争、对病原菌的直接寄生作用及诱导寄主产生抗病性。酵母菌与其它生防微生物相比，具有拮抗效果好、不产生毒素、可以和化学杀菌剂共同使用等优点。使用生物工程技术改造拮抗酵母菌从而提高其生防效果，是酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治的最新研究领域。该文还指出了酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治存在的问题，并对未来的研究提出了新的思路。     

Ethanol vapor and saprophytic yeast treatments reduce decay and maintain quality of intact and fresh-cut sweet cherries

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an ethanol vapor release pad and a saprophytic yeast Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatum (CIM) to reduce decay and maintain postharvest quality of intact or fresh-cut sweet cherries (Prunus avium) cv. Lapins and Bing. Intact or fresh-cut fruit were packed in perforated clamshells (capacity 454 g) and stored at 1, 10 or 20 °C for up to 21, 14 and 8 d, respectively. For ethanol treatment, a pad made with silica gel powder containing 10 g ethanol and covered with perforated film, which allows ethanol vapor to diffuse gradually, was attached to the upper lid of the clamshells. Ethanol treatment caused accumulation of ethanol in the packaging headspace, about 10 μL L⁻¹ with little change within 14 d at 1 °C, 23 μL L⁻¹ at d 1 and decreased to 15 μL L⁻¹ at d 10 at 10 °C, and 26 μL L⁻¹ at d 1 and decreased to 13 μL L⁻¹ at d 3 at 20 °C. Ethanol content in fruit was less than 9 mg kg⁻¹ in all the control fruit, and increased to 16, 34 and 43 mg kg⁻¹ in ethanol-treated fruit at 1, 10 and 20 °C, respectively. Nonetheless, a sensory taste panel did not perceive any flavor difference from the ethanol treatment. The ethanol treatment retarded softening, darkening, and acid decrease in fruit as well as discoloration of the stems, and extended shelf-life of intact cherries. Ethanol reduced brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) in fresh-cut cherries stored at 20 °C, but not at 1 and 10 °C. A pre-packaging dip in CIM completely controlled brown rot in inoculated fresh-cut cherries stored at 1 °C, and in naturally infected cherries at 20 °C.     

柑橘采后绿霉病生防酵母菌的筛选、鉴定及其生防效果研究

【目的】筛选能有效防治柑橘采后绿霉病菌(Penicillium digitatum)的拮抗酵母菌,为柑橘的采后保鲜提供参考。【方法】从园艺果园采集不同的水果样品,用稀释平板法分离筛选生防酵母菌株,并进行鉴定;采用PDB液体培养试验和刺伤接种的方法,研究不同浓度酵母菌悬浮液对离体和活体柑橘绿霉病菌的防治效果。【结果】获得1株拮抗酵母菌HP-10,结合生理生化特性及18S rDNA序列同源性分析,将其鉴定为马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces ma-rxianus)。离体和活体抑菌试验表明,菌株HP-10悬浮液能有效抑制绿霉病菌孢子的萌发;用108CFU/mL HP-10悬浮液处理病原菌孢子时,其萌发率仅为3.61%,而对照的萌发率为88.06%;25℃条件下,用108CFU/mL的酵母悬浮液处理柑橘果实2 d后,发病率仅为6.67%,病斑直径仅为2.14 mm,显著低于对照的发病率(93.33%)和病斑直径(53.31mm)。【结论】不同浓度HP-10菌悬液对柑橘绿霉病菌均具有一定的防治效果,表现出良好的生防潜力。     

Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab

During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and Russia. The most destructive of t…     

饲喂中草药和微量元素硒提高蛋的营养价值的研究

本项研究系应用中草药和微量元素硒配伍的特制预混料，对蛋鸡进行了３次饲养试验。试验结果表明，蛋鸡在饲喂了这种特制预混料后所产的蛋平均含硒量可稳定地由对照组的每枚４３μｇ，提高到１２０～２７５μｇ，成为一种富硒蛋。这种蛋经实验动物安全试验和人医临床试验，均无毒副反应。受试对象按规定量连续服用３个月后表现在血清硒、发硒的含量和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）的活性均比服用前明显提高，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标的升高表明富硒蛋可以方便、安全地补充人体生理需要量的有机硒．作者认为这种富硒蛋可以提高人体的免疫功能和抗衰老以及预防心血管疾病等作用，将为人们提供一种多功能性的天然绿色保健食品。     

固定化酵母发酵生产酒精的研究——Ⅰ.小试试验

在实验室以糖蜜、红薯干为原料,进行了固定化酵母发酵生产酒精的研究.结果表明:(1)固定化酵母较自由细胞有较宽的pH 适应范围,因而可将发酵pH 调得偏酸些.(2)固定化酵母较自由细胞有较强的耐热性.温度偶然升到45℃,15min 内不会损害酵母活性.(3)固定化酵母颗粒连续使用3个月活力不减.(4)以糖蜜为原料其平均转化率达91.0%,残糖值为1.24;以红薯为原料,其转化率为94.8%。残糖值为0.48.