Strawberry Production in Central Europe

Abstract

This paper focuses on the cropping systems in central European countries such as Belgium, The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland and the northern part of France and Italy. During the last decade there has been a consistent increase in programmed “out-of-season” strawberry production in several central European countries. This is being achieved in part, by using cultivars with different cropping seasons, but mainly by sequential planting of cold-stored plants and by growing strawberries in greenhouses and plastic tunnels. These methods have made it possible to extend the strawberry production for 11 months, from the end of February until mid January in central European countries with moderate climates.     

Shelf-Life of Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from Northern Australian Waters

Abstract

The shelf-life of Spanish mackerel caught by line fishing in Northern Australian waters was evaluated. Spiked fish were stored in ice either headed and gutted or left uncut and subjected to sensory, nucleotide, pH, histamine and microbial analysts and the rigor pattern recorded. There was little difference between the two product forms. Rigor in uncut fish lasted for 14 ± 9.8 hours and in headed and gutted fish for 19.6 ± 16.3 hours. Spanish mackerel retained good sensory quality for up to 14 days. The bacterial load reached 105 cfu/g by 18 days. K values were low for most of the storage time, < 40%. Histamine levels did not develop more than 10 mg/kg during storage. The pH of Spanish mackerel did not change much even though bacterial levels become high.     

蓝莓贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

本文介绍了蓝莓的营养成分和保健功效，并综述了国内外贮藏保鲜技术的研究进展，包括冷藏、预温处理、气调、涂膜、熏蒸、UV-C辐射和高压静电场等保鲜方式。鉴于我国蓝莓市场的广阔前景，提出了其产业的发展方向和研究着重点。     

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical and morphologic findings in nine affected Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) dogs

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and morphologic features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in the Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) breed of dog. ANIMALS: Nine Swedish PON dogs of both sexes were included in the study. PROCEDURE: All dogs underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with emphasis on ophthalmic exams. Histopathology and electron microscopy were performed on the eyes, brain and various internal organs. Immunohistochemical staining for detection of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) and mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) was performed on the eyes and brain. RESULTS: The dogs showed behavioral abnormalities, motor disturbances and visual impairment or blindness. Pupillary responses were abnormal while fundus changes varied from normal to severe retinal atrophy. Electroretinography (ERG) showed variable changes, from slight alterations in the process of dark adaptation to severely reduced or nonrecordable ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Histopathology revealed intracytoplasmic storage bodies within neurons of the brain and in retinal cells, especially the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Round to oval granular type of inclusion bodies, known as granular osmiophilic dense deposits (GRODS), were found in neuronal cells in the brain and in the retina. Immunohistochemistry identified the storage material in the brain and retina as consisting of SAPs. CONCLUSION: The presently described NCL disease in PON dogs shows similarities to previously recorded cases in the Miniature Schnauzer. The closest human equivalent to this disease is infantile NCL (CLN1), in which the major stored proteins are SAPs and the ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies of neuronal cells is granular.     

PREDICTIVE INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF THE COLD STORAGE

The predictive intelligent control scheme is proposed, which is based on approximation theory and numerical method of Chcbyshev orthogonal polynomial. It has the practical value to the cold storge using widely electromagnetic valve and can be also applied similar systems in orther area.     

Land Storage System: Effect, Problem and Its Legal Regulation

The authors suggest that the land storage system is beneficial not only to strengthen the country's macroscopic regulation of city land market, accelerate healthy development of city economy and increase the financial income, it can also be advantageous to carry out the economic reform and public facilities construction without a hitch. On the basis of this, in this paper, the increment of the land price and house price as well as the high risk of fund due to lack of related laws is analyzed. Corresponding legal regulations, such as polishing the legislation of land right, implementing the land utilization planning, reinforcing the legislation of city development, land requisition and countryside residential land administration are put forward.