Seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in the United Kingdom

Tick bites on humans can occur in a variety of habitats and may result in the transmission of tick‐borne pathogens, such as the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. As the risk of transmission of this pathogen to the host increases with the duration of tick feeding, the recognition and removal of ticks as soon as possible following attachment is important for reducing the risk of infection. Performing a thorough body examination for ticks following potential exposure is recommended by tick awareness campaigns. Knowledge of where on the body feeding ticks are frequently found, and at which times of year peak tick exposure occurs, provides important information for public health messaging and may aid those bitten by ticks to engage more effectively with tick‐checking behaviour. This paper summarizes human tick bites in the United Kingdom (UK) during 2013–2018 reported to Public Health England's passive Tick Surveillance Scheme and further examines the anatomical location and seasonality of bites from the most commonly encountered tick and LB vector Ixodes ricinus. A total of 1,328 tick records from humans were received of which 93% were I. ricinus. Humans were most commonly bitten by I. ricinus nymphs (70% bites). Tick bites were recorded on all parts of the body, but there were significant differences in their anatomical location on adults and children. Most tick bites on adults occurred on the legs (50%), whereas on children tick bites were mostly on the head and neck (43%). Bites from I. ricinus were recorded throughout the year but were most numerous during May to August. This study adds to the body of research on the seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in temperate Europe and highlights the importance of data collected through passive surveillance in addition to research and epidemiological studies.     

朝鲜族传统发酵食品的营养保健功能

以朝鲜族辣白菜为重点，介绍了几种朝鲜族传统发酵食品的营养保健功能及其来源、主要营养成分和功效成分．     

丁酸对肠道健康的影响及作用机制的研究进展

丁酸是一种主要的短链脂肪酸,通常作为饲料添加剂来替代抗生素,以提高动物生长性能。文章综述了丁酸及其盐通过促进肠道健康来发挥促生长作用的可能机制,包括肠道黏膜结构、酶活性、肠道菌群、肠道免疫系统以及减轻动物氧化应激等方面。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎诊断方法的研究进展

牛传染性鼻气管炎是由牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒引起的一种牛的热性、急性、接触性传染病。该病是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定的必须上报的疾病之一,在我国也被列为二类疫病。牛传染性鼻气管炎可降低牛的肥育率、繁殖率和产奶量,给养牛业造成了重大经济损失。从病毒的分离鉴定、血清学以及分子生物学等方面对该病的诊断方法进行综述,以期为牛传染性鼻气管炎的检测和防控提供参考。     

犬甲状腺机能减退并发糖尿病的中西医结合诊疗

犬甲状腺机能减退是由于甲状腺功能异常而引起甲状腺激素分泌不足或合成减少导致犬的内分泌紊乱的一类综合性疾病。长期的甲状腺激素分泌不足,可能继发糖尿病的发生。通过对1例患犬临床症状表现为全身被毛稀疏,多饮多尿多食,双眼白内障等,结合实验室检查(血常规、生化、甲状腺功能检查),总甲状腺(T4)<6.5,参考范围15 nmol/L^50nmol/L,血糖(GLU)20.7 mmol/L,参考范围3.9 mmol/L^8.0 mmol/L,确诊为甲状腺机能减退并发糖尿病。经补充左甲状腺素片治疗甲状腺机能减退,同时用胰岛素控制血糖,再结合中药和针灸辅助治疗病情得到缓解,为临床诊疗该类病提供了参考。     

牛日本血吸虫病5种血清学诊断技术比较

为找寻特异性强、敏感性高,且操作简便、费用低廉,并能大规模应用于临床的日本血吸虫病血清学诊断方法,以疫区黄牛为研究对象,应用环卵沉淀试验(COPT)、血清法间接血凝试验(sIHA)和血纸法间接血凝试验(bpIHA)、胶乳凝集试验(PAPS)、三联斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(三联Dot-ELISA)5种血清学诊断方法与粪检方法检测牛日本血吸虫病,并对5种血清学检测结果进行评价.检测分析结果表明,用血清学方法COPT,sIHA,三联Dot-ELISA对疫区黄牛进行血吸虫病检测,与三粪九检结果符合率高,具有灵敏度高、特异性好、简捷方便、费用低等特点,特别适用于疫区家畜血吸虫病的诊断、普查,是比较理想的现场检测方法,值得推广.血清学方法bpIHA和PAPS检测血吸虫病,尽管方法简便、费用低廉,但其灵敏度、特异性与三粪九检结果符合率低于血清学方法COPT,sIHA,三联Dot-ELISA,易造成漏检,假阳性,故在普查时,不建议采用.     

论牛口蹄疫的防治

口蹄疫(一类传染病)俗名“口疮”、“辟癀”,是由口蹄疫病毒(foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV)所引起的偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。易感动物牛,其特征为主要表现为口腔粘膜、乳房和蹄部出现水疱。此病传播速度极强、范围广,一旦发病,如果没有及时诊治就会造成巨大的经济损失,因此我们必须采取严格防治措施。