黑龙江烟草病害种类鉴定及发生情况

为了明确黑龙江主要烟区目前病害发生和危害情况，于2010-2013年对黑龙江烟草主产区病害进行普查。鉴定结果表明，黑龙江烟草病害26种，其中真菌病害11种，细菌病害2种，病毒病害7种，寄生性种子植物1种，非侵染性病害5种；发生普遍且危害重的病害主要是烟草普通花叶病、角斑病。     

北京水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类调查

为研究北京地区水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类分布,采用叶饵法从北京水系中诱集菌株,共分离到腐霉、疫腐霉182株,利用Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)进行分析,筛选出不同基因型的代表菌株,并依据形态学特征及ITS序列对这些菌株进行种类鉴定。结果共发现6个已知种和3个可能的新种,其中:湖滨疫腐霉Phytopythium litorale和果胶裂解腐霉Pythium pectinolyticum为国内新记录种;旋柄疫腐霉Pp.helicoides、异丝腐霉P.diclinum、簇囊腐霉P.torulosum和袋囊腐霉P.marsipium为北京地区新记录种。研究结果可为未来监测北京地区水系中病原菌的分布情况提供基础数据。     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

肾上腺皮质肿瘤良恶性鉴别方法探究

肾上腺皮质肿瘤（Adrenocortical Tumor,ACT）是一种常见的肿瘤,存在于人体的内分泌系统中,并且是引发肾上腺皮质癌（Adrcnocortical Carcinoma,ACC）进而导致死亡的主要原因.经典的＂Weiss系统＂在诊断明确性上存在种种无法解决的问题,但随着科技水平的发展,人们开始探索新的途径来鉴别ACT的良恶性,于是开始有了影像学和分子生物学技术等特异性的检查方法,从而进一步增强了诊断的明确性.现通过对比的方式,探究肾上腺皮质肿瘤（Adrenocortical Tumor,ACT）影像学检查和分子生物学技术检查的结果,从而能更准确地鉴别其良恶性.     

两个新的黄瓜SnRK2基因的鉴定及特征分析

植物SnRK2基因在非生物逆境应答中具有重要功能,但有关黄瓜SnRK2基因的研究尚缺乏报道。笔者通过对黄瓜基因组的重新挖掘,发现了2个新的SnRK2基因,分别与拟南芥的SnRK2.4和SnRK2.10同源。本试验对2个新的黄瓜SnRK2基因的结构特征及顺式调控元件进行了全面分析,为进一步研究其在黄瓜逆境应答中的功能奠定了基础。     

贵州省三穗县鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定、毒力基因检测及耐药性分析

为了解贵州省三穗县鸭疫里默氏杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer，RA）的流行血清型、毒力和耐药情况，本试验从贵州省三穗县6个规模养鸭场临床疑似RA感染的病鸭体内分离出6株分离菌，对病原菌进行分离鉴定、毒力基因检测和耐药性分析。细菌分离鉴定结果显示，分离菌在巧克力琼脂培养基上长出表面光滑、圆形半透明的滴状菌落；革兰氏染色呈阴性短小杆菌，瑞氏染色呈两极浓染；分离菌均不具运动性，尿素、触酶和氧化酶试验均为阳性，符合RA生化特性，将6株分离菌分别命名为SS-RA1~SS-RA6；6株分离菌的16S rRNA基因序列与NCBI上RA参考菌株的基因序列相似性≥98%，说明6株分离菌均是RA；SS-RA1~SS-RA4为血清2型且含有8种毒力基因（OmpA、CAMP、wza、AS87_04050、Fur、SIP、TbdR1和luxE基因），SS-RA5和SS-RA6为血清11型，缺失AS87_04050基因，仅含有上述其余7种毒力基因；动物回归试验结果显示，攻毒组雏鸭均全部死亡，对照组雏鸭未表现明显临床症状，表明6株分离菌对雏鸭均有致病力；药敏试验结果显示，6株分离菌仅对羧苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢他啶、头孢氨苄、头孢曲松、头孢拉定和头孢哌酮7种抗菌药物敏感，对其他13种抗菌药物均表现不同程度的耐药，对氨基糖苷类和大环内酯类抗菌药物的耐药率为100%。本试验成功分离得到6株RA，为贵州省三穗县鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的疫苗选择和药物防治提供理论依据。     

反向遗传技术在牛轮状病毒研究中的应用

本文综述了牛轮状病毒的生物学特性、反向遗传学系统的建立及其研究进展,并对反向遗传技术应用于牛轮状病毒进行展望。     

甘肃华山松溃疡病病原真菌类群的初步鉴定

近年来甘肃陇南地区华山松溃疡病发生严重，导致华山松大面积死亡，但有关病害发生的原因等尚不清楚。采用组织分离法从感病华山松的健康部位、病健交界处、子实体及病组织处分离获得97个真菌菌株，结合形态学及系统学对分离到的菌株进行初步分析。结果显示，所得菌株分为9个种，其中Neocosmospora silvicola占14.17%，Fusicolla violacea占1.67%，Microcera sp.占8.33%，Neonectria neomacrospora占11.67%，Dermea pinicola占8.33%，Nematogonum ferrugineum占9.17%，Pezicula sporulosa占4.17%，Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum占14.17%，Sarea resinae占9.17%。以丛赤壳科为优势菌群，占总菌株数量的44.33%；初步推断Neocosmospora silvicola为疑似病原菌。     

Identification and Molecular Characteristics Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variants

To ascertain a diarrhea case in a pig farm in Shandong province,the pathological changes of dead piglets were observed and nested RT-PCR test was carried out on 7 diarrhea samples for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).Pathological examination revealed that intestine was detected as enlargement,hyperemia and edema.After histological examination,the typical microscopic lesions of intestine were disappearance of epithelial cells,villus shrinkage and shortening.The result of nested RT-PCR showed that all of the 7 samples could amplify a specific target band of PEDV.Molecular characteristics of two field strains showed that they had an amino acid homology of 92.3% to 92.4% with vaccine CV777 and 96.6% to 98.6% with other previous field strains which sequences were downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed that all of PEDV strains could be mainly divided into two clusters of G1 and G2. G2 consisted of the field strains of our study and other field strains from USA,China and so on,which had the same sequence characteristics of two insertions and one deletion,while G1 consisted of all vaccines of CV777 and several older field strains from China and Korea.These results indicated that our field strains were the dominant strains in recent epidemic diarrhea occurrence.Moreover,its molecular characteristics might be a characterization of differentiating the field and vaccine strains.     

红树植物—白骨壤黑斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定

<正>红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,可海陆两栖的特殊木本植物群落,具有防风御浪、净化环境、维护沿海湿地生物多样性等生态功能,为珍稀植物群落。有报道认为红树植物生长在海边又富含抗菌等活性物质,不利于病害发生,但近年来本实验室在广东雷州半岛等地红树林发现有多种病害发生~([1,2]),仅白骨壤(Avicennia marina)上就发现有黑茎病、灰斑病等病害。2014年我们在该区白骨壤小苗