核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

BHT对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

为探究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT)对苹果采后灰霉病的防效和防病机制,采用平板法和刺伤接种法测定了BHT对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用及果实内防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L BHT对苹果灰霉病的防效最佳,处理苹果后间隔48～96 h接种灰霉病菌,其防效可达68.59%～73.55%,其次为0.2、1.0 mmol/L BHT处理,但防效均低于52.94%。0.1 mmol/L BHT处理对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发无显著抑制作用,但可显著增强果实内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及总抗氧化能力,其峰值是对照的1.82～5.28倍,且均显著高于单独接种灰霉病菌的处理。此外,单独接种灰霉病菌的苹果果实内丙二醛含量快速升高,最大增幅达251.49%,而BHT处理后丙二醛含量变幅较小,最大增幅仅为83.95%。表明BHT可通过增强苹果果实内防御酶活性水平和总抗氧化能力来降低丙二醛的积累,从而提高果实对灰霉病的抗性。     

防治蓝莓棒状拟盘多毛孢菌化学药剂的室内筛选

为明确山东省蓝莓叶斑病和根腐病病原菌种类并筛选有效防治药剂,采用组织分离法获得菌株,通过形态学和分子生物学技术,结合柯赫氏法则对菌株进行鉴定,同时测试了8种药剂对病原菌生长及6种药剂对分生孢子萌发的影响。结果显示,引起山东省蓝莓叶斑病和根腐病的病原菌均为棒状拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis clavispora);苯醚甲环唑和福美双对P.clavispora菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,EC50均为1.97 mg/L,其次为苯甲·丙环唑,EC50为2.70 mg/L;福美双对分生孢子萌发的抑制效果最显著,EC50为0.004 mg/L,其次为苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇;甲基硫菌灵对该菌几乎没有抑制作用。     

苹果枝枯病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性

正苹果(Malus pumila Mill.)是世界上栽培最为广泛的水果之一,由于其生态适应性强、营养价值高、耐贮性好及供应周期长,相当多的国家都将其列为主要消费果品[1],而我国是世界上苹果种植面积最大、产量最高的国家[2]。我国苹果枝干病害以苹果轮纹病和腐烂病为主,近年来随着气候环境的改变,一些新的病害也逐渐产生。2017年7月对烟台市几个苹果果园调查时,发现一种新病害。该病害主要危害苹果枝条,产生褐色坏死病斑,严重时导致枝条枯死,发     

苹果枝枯病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性

In July 2017, a new shoot dieback disease, caused brown necrotic spots with black granules on the shoots in the late stage, was found in several apple orchards in Yantai, Shandong Province. The fungal pathogen was isolated on PDA plate from the infected shoots using the tissue isolation, which formed white to grey colonies bearing abundant fruiting bodies on Czapek solid media with lactose as carbon source. The purified fungal isolates La1-La3 were obtained from single spore isolation after spore tendrils exuding from pycnidia generated on the plates. This study was to identify and characterize the causal agent . Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) nucleotide sequences, the fungal isolates were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a new pathogen on apple tree. The test of Koch's rule confirmed that L. pseudotheobromae was the pathogen of this disease. Effects of different temperature, pH value, carbon and nitrogen sources were tested against the growth of isolated fungus in vitro. The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 30℃ and pH 6-9, respectively, while the optimum carbon source was sucrose, and favourable nitrogen sources were sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and peptone.     

蓝莓叶斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确山东省蓝莓叶斑病病原菌的种类及其生物学特性,采用组织分离法获得菌株B1,通过形态学特征并结合r DNA-ITS序列分析对该菌株B1进行鉴定,以离体和活体叶片接种法测定菌株B1的致病性,并对其生物学特性进行研究。结果表明,菌株B1菌落呈白色绒毛状,背面淡黄色,分生孢子纺锤形,5个细胞,中间3个细胞为褐色,具有2～4根顶端附属丝;菌株B1的ITS序列与GenBank中棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora的相似性达99%以上,结合形态特征与rDNAITS序列分析将病原菌鉴定为棒状拟盘多毛孢,GenBank登录号为MG009201。菌株B1接种蓝莓叶片后产生褐色病斑,后期密生黑色分生孢子盘,与蓝莓田间自然发病症状一致。该菌株在5～35℃、pH 5～11范围内均可生长,最适温度范围为25～30℃,最适pH范围为5～9;但仅在25～30℃时产生分生孢子,最适产孢温度为25℃;光照条件对菌丝生长无明显影响,但连续黑暗有利于产孢;以葡萄糖为碳源时利用率最高,对乳糖利用效果最差;最适氮源为硝酸钠、硫酸铵和蛋白胨,几乎不能利用尿素。     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.