休眠期曙光油桃芽电导率及丙二醛含量的变化

[目的]探讨膜渗透性在落叶果树休眠中的作用,为休眠的人工调控提供理论依据。[方法]以曙光油桃的花芽和叶芽为材料,研究油桃芽体休眠期电导率及丙二醛含量的动态变化。[结果]12月31日曙光油桃花芽、叶芽的萌芽率分别是54.52%、55.23%,表明其自然休眠已经解除。休眠期油桃芽体的电导率及丙二醛含量的变化趋势基本一致即11月6日之前,花芽和叶芽的电导率、丙二醛含量均呈下降趋势;11月6日以后,随着外界低温的来临,芽体进入休眠状态,电导率、丙二醛含量均呈迅速升高趋势,并都稳定在较高水平。[结论]诱导芽体休眠时,芽体膜透性变化与其休眠关系密切,芽体休眠后,膜透性大而稳,说明芽体对低温有很好的适应性。     

Interpreting Soil Electrical Conductivity and Terrain Attribute Variability with Soil Surveys

Utilizing soil electrical conductivity (EC) measurements and terrain attributes for precision management will require secondary soil information for adequate interpretation. The objective of this study was to determine whether readily available second-order soil surveys were of adequate quality to aid with interpreting soil EC and terrain data. For three locations in Kentucky, USA, first-order soil surveys were created, second-order surveys reports were obtained, elevation was measured and used to calculate terrain attributes (slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature), and bulk soil electrical conductivity was measured. Three analytical methods (an ordinary least squares analysis and two random field analyses), visual map assessment, and examination of least-squares means were used to assess the relationships between soil EC measurements, terrain attributes and first- and second-order soil surveys. The OLS and random field analyses were problematic. However, the ranking of the OLS F-statistics appeared to reflect the general relationship between landscape variables and first-order soil surveys. The landscape variables related particularly well with soil properties that had been impacted by past soil erosion. Unfortunately, however, second-order soil surveys in this study were not created at suitable scales to adequately interpret EC and terrain data regarding erosion history or other attributes. While these surveys may provide some useful information, field measurements, sampling, and observations will likely be required to develop high quality interpretations of soil EC and terrain attribute data.     

便携式土壤电导率测试系统的开发

介绍了一种自行设计的，基于电流-电压四端法的便携式土壤电导率(EC)在线测试仪的开发情况。该测试仪包括土壤电导率传感器、控制与数据采集器和计算机应用软件等。传感器有4个电极，2个用于向土壤中输入恒流，另外2个用于检测与土壤电导率密切相关的电压降；控制与数据采集器把传感器产生的电压信号转换为数字信号，计算并显示电导率；计算机应用软件把接收到的数据存入Microsoft Access数据库。在实验室土槽内对该测试仪传感器的性能进行了测试，并与电导率仪测量结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，传感器输出电压与电导率仪测量值变化趋势一致，采用多种非线性数学模型对各组数据进行了曲线拟合，结果均在幂函数模型上获得最佳回归，测定系数(R^2)大于0．99。     

中水处理对植物叶片质膜透性及丙二醛含量的影响

本文研究中水处理对三角梅和凤凰木叶片质膜透性及丙二醛含量的影响.结果表明:三角梅叶相对电导率经50%浓度中水处理后达最高,而经100%浓度处理后,其相对电导率却略低对照;凤凰木叶相对电导率经100%浓度中水处理后达最高,而经50%中水处理后其相对电导率最低.不同浓度中水处理中,三角梅叶的丙二醛(MDA)含量在50%浓度中水处理下较高,而在100%浓度中水处理下其丙二醛含量与对照相差不大,略高于对照.凤凰木中丙二醛含量也是50%浓度中水处理后达最高,所不同的是,经100%浓度处理后略低于对照.     

施用10%草甘膦水剂对土壤盐碱化的影响

通过室内盆栽模拟试验,研究了10%草甘膦水剂在5种浓度下对土壤盐碱化的影响。结果表明,施药后,土壤的盐碱度(用电导率表示),钠碱化度(ESP),钠吸附比(SAR),总碱度及pH值都明显增大,且随施药次数的增加,上述各项盐碱化指标都不断的增大。虽然土壤各项盐碱化指标的变化还在非盐渍土范围内,但有盐碱化的趋势。     

温度和糖度对橙汁热导率的影响

为了深入研究橙汁热导率的影响因素,采用微热探针法测试系统,对糖度为5%~66%(质量分数)的橙汁在温度0~50℃间的热导率进行了系统测试。结果表明,对于同一糖度的橙汁,其热导率与温度呈高度线性正相关,而在同一温度条件下,橙汁的热导率与其糖度呈高度线性负相关,由此得出橙汁热导率关于温度和糖度的预测模型,通过此模型可预测0~50℃条件下不同糖度橙汁的热导率值。可见,橙汁温度和糖度均是其热导率的影响因素。     

Field Scale Mapping of Surface Soil Clay Concentration

The surface soil clay concentration is a useful soil property to map soils, interpret soil properties, and guide irrigation, fertilizer, and agricultural chemical applications. The objective of this study was to determine whether surface soil clay concentrations could be predicted from remotely sensed imagery of bare surface soil or from soil electrical conductivity for a 115 ha field located in Crisp County, Georgia. The soil clay concentrations were determined for soil samples taken at 28 field locations. Three different data sources–an aerial color photograph image, two infrared bands from an ATLAS data set, and the electrical conductivity of the surface soil layer were used in the research. Principal components analysis was applied to the color photograph image, whereas the ratio of two infrared bands was applied to the ATLAS data set. Filtering was applied to both resulting images. The distribution of soil electrical conductivity was derived from the measured soil electrical conductivity data by spatial analysis. Statistical relationships between soil clay concentrations and the principal component 3, the ratio of two ATLAS infrared bands, and the soil electrical conductivity were analyzed, and three linear equations were derived with r ² values 0.83, 0.52, and 0.78, respectively. The distribution of the soil clay concentrations was derived based on these three equations. Six levels of soil clay concentrations were classified in these three methods, and the advantages and disadvantages were discussed. The predicted and measured soil clay concentrations, based on additional soil samples from 30 field locations, were compared using linear regression (r ²=0.76, 0.45, and 0.77 for the three methods). The overall accuracy for these methods were 84%, 66%, and 76%, respectively. The principal components method had the highest accuracy in our research, while the result for the depressional areas is the best from the ratio method.     

猪体外成熟卵母细胞的电激活及其激活后的体外培养

 主要研究了猪体外成熟卵母细胞电激活的条件以及孤雌激活胚胎的体外培养体系。用不同场强、脉冲时程和脉冲次数激活猪体外成熟的卵母细胞。结果表明 ,在本试验条件下电激活最佳场强和脉冲时程为 130V·mm-1/ 80 μs ,其囊胚发育率为 (2 0 .12± 8.18) % (P >0 .0 5 )。多次脉冲并不比单次脉冲的激活效果好 (P >0 .0 5 )。孤雌激活胚胎用不同培养方式和气体环境在体外培养 7d ,发现 7d不换液与第 5天换液和第 5天换含 10 %胎牛血清的培养液其囊胚发育率 [分别为 (2 5 .30± 7.5 5 ) %、(2 6 .4 4± 8.35 ) %和 (17.6 8± 5 .39) % ]无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,后两者换液培养方式其囊胚细胞数 (15 .78± 5 .4 6、14 .5 5± 4 .81)明显低于不换液的 (18.0 1± 6 .79,P <0 .0 1)。同时发现低氧 (5 %CO2 ∶7%O2 ∶88%N2 )气体环境培养的胚胎囊胚发育率和囊胚细胞数和高氧环境 (5 %CO2 的空气 )无明显差别 ,分别为 [(2 0 .78± 8.80 ) %、17.0 0± 6 .12和 (2 5 .30± 7.5 5 ) %、18.0 1± 6 .79,P >0 .0 5 ]。表明激活后第 5天换原液和换含胎牛血清的培养液不能提高囊胚细胞数。低氧 (5 %CO2 ∶7%O2 ∶88%N2 )气体环境培养猪胚胎的效果不比高氧环境 (5 %CO2 的空气 )好。     

热胁迫对豌豆生理的影响

[目的]揭示高温影响豌豆生长发育的生理学基础。[方法]通过测定热胁迫下豌豆幼苗的电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸(AsA)变化及下胚轴长度,探讨热胁迫对豌豆一些生理指标的影响。[结果]温度越高,豌豆细胞膜的完整性损伤越大,外渗的胞内电解质越多。高温使更多的膜脂过氧化,导致MDA含量升高。高温胁迫明显造成叶片中抗氧化剂AsA的损失,降低了豌豆抵抗高温引发的氧化损伤的能力。在高温胁迫下,幼苗下胚轴的生长受抑制,热激温度越高下胚轴越短。[结论]热胁迫使豌豆细胞膜完整性受损,膜脂更多地被过氧化,AsA含量下降,下胚轴生长受到抑制。     

用一步出流法测定土壤的导水参数

采用一次加压出流法测定土壤水分运动参数——土壤水扩散率的方法,结合逐次加压法,测定土壤水分特征曲线,便可求出土壤的非饱和导水率K(θ),方法简便,概念明确,仪器设备简单,一次试验可以同时测得非饱和土壤水分运动的全部参数。