Divergence of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during an outbreak of ovine mastitis

Bacterial infections causing mastitis in sheep can result in severe economic losses for farmers. A large survey of milk samples from ewes with mastitis in Sardinia, Italy, indicated an increasing prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. It has been shown previously that during chronic, biofilm-associated infections P. aeruginosa populations diversify. We report the phenotypic and genomic characterisation of two clonal P. aeruginosa isolates (PSE305 and PSE306) from a mastitis infection outbreak, representing distinct colony morphology variants. In addition to pigment production, PSE305 and PSE306 differed in phenotypic characteristics including biofilm formation, utilisation of various carbon and nitrogen sources, twitching motility. We found higher levels of expression of genes associated with biofilm formation (pelB) and twitching motility (flgD) in PSE305, compared to the biofilm and twitching-defective PSE306. Comparative genomics analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and minor insertion/deletion variations between PSE305 and PSE306, including a SNP mutation in the pilP gene of PSE306. By introducing a wild-type pilP gene we were able to partially complement the defective twitching motility of PSE306. There were also three larger regions of difference between the two genomes, indicating genomic instability. Hence, we have demonstrated that P. aeruginosa population divergence can occur during an outbreak of mastitis, leading to significant variations in phenotype and genotype, and resembling the behaviour of P. aeruginosa during chronic biofilm-associated infections.     

基于SSR标记对65份大白菜自交系的聚类分析

以65份自育的大白菜自交系为试验材料,进行多样性分析和类群划分。利用26对SSR分子标记分析供试材料遗传多样性,并利用SSR分子标记聚类方法进行大白菜自交系的组群划分研究。SSR标记多样性分析表明,平均Nei基因多样性指数为0.541 5,平均Shannon多态性指数为0.913 5,说明供试材料有较高的遗传多样性。SSR分子标记聚类将65份大白菜自交系划分为5个类群。SSR标记聚类结果真实地反映了种质资源内在基因组的多样性,可以将系谱来源相同的材料聚类在同一类群,对于杂种优势预测和亲本选择均有指导意义。     

枸杞岛海藻场夏、秋季的渔业资源变化

基于2005年夏、秋两季对枸杞岛海藻场渔业资源的调查数据,对海藻场内外渔业资源的组成、优势种变化、主要资源种类生物学特征以及多样性和相似性进行了研究。结果表明,枸杞岛海藻场内的渔业生物组成的季节变化比藻场外明显,但岩礁性鱼类除外;藻场内优势种夏季多于秋季,而藻场外两季相同,褐菖鲉在夏、秋季的藻场内皆为优势种;各种类生物学特征也存在着明显的季节差异,夏季的性比差别大,秋季接近平衡,平均年龄秋季大于夏季,平均摄食强度夏季高于秋季;多样性值在夏、秋两季海藻场外皆大于海藻场内。藻场内外,夏季的多样性指数都大于秋季;同一季节藻场内外的相似性很低,不同季节,藻场内的相似性同样很低。通过现场调查及生物学实验,夏季海藻场作为幼小鱼类的索饵场所的生态功能得到了确认。     

天津市3座水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系(英文)

[目的]研究天津市3座水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。[方法]2011年5月、7月、9月分别对天津市于桥水库、北大港水库、尔王庄水库的14个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查,分析各水库大型底栖动物物种多样性状况,并评价各水库的水质情况。[结果]所有采样点共采集到大型底栖动物22种,其中水生昆虫6种,软体动物7种,甲壳类2种,寡毛类7种。于桥水库5月、7月、9月大型底栖动物的种类分别为11种、8种、10种,大型底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为132.43 ind./m2、50.09 g/m2;采用Margalef物种丰富度指数d值、Shannon多样性指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数综合评价,于桥水库为轻-中度污染。北大港水库5月、7月、9月种类分别为5种、5种、5种。大型底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为218ind./m2、2.70 g/m2;采用物种丰富度指数d值、Shannon多样性指数H值和均匀度指数综合评价,北大港水库为重度污染。尔王庄水库5月、7月、9月大型底栖动物的种类分别为3种、5种、5种。大型底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为104 ind./m2、0.20 g/m2;采用物种丰富度指数d值、Shannon多样性指数H值和均匀度指数综合评价,结果表明尔王庄水库为中度污染。[结论]三座水库均受到了富营养化污染,污染程度为:北大港水库尔王庄水库于桥水库。     

橡胶草种植前后土壤微生物细菌多样性研究(Ⅱ)——高级分析

[目的]研究橡胶草种植前后土壤微生物细菌的多样性。[方法]对大田种植橡胶草前后的土壤理化性质进行考察,并通过454测序技术对土壤微生物细菌多样的数据序列进行高级分析。[结果]橡胶草种植后土壤的全氮和全磷略高于种植前,有机质稍有下降。土壤细菌的OTU数在橡胶草种植前后相差不大。群落结构分析表明,橡胶草种植前后的细菌组成大致相同,但各物种所占比例有差异,大多数的细菌是不可培养的,其中与氮有关的菌属柱状区所占比例最大。PCA主成分分析表明橡胶草种植前后土壤微生物群落在细菌水平上相近,这个结果与群落分布柱状图相吻合。RDA分析表明,土壤pH值、有机质、土壤含水率、土壤全氮和全磷与细菌呈正相关,土壤容重与细菌呈负相关。[结论]试验测序数据表明,橡胶草种植前后的土壤微生物细菌在OUT水平上多样性丰富,在属的水平上群落结构组成相近,种植橡胶草后土壤理化性质发生了改变。     

福建紫薇天然林昆虫群落结构特征及多样性研究

通过对福建紫薇天然林内昆虫种类的调查和鉴定,系统研究了福建紫薇天然林中昆虫主要种类.共记录16目69科115种昆虫,其中乔木和灌草层的昆虫种类有73种,隶属9目46科;地表层的昆虫种类有45种,隶属12目23科.从群落物特征来看,鞘翅目的物种丰富度最高（28.37％）;从物种种群数量来看,同翅目昆虫的数量最多（40.41％）.     

福建闽江学院校园园林植物多样性及其配置分析

对福建闽江学院大学城校区校园园林植物种类进行深入调查与分类鉴定,统计出园林植物种类,编制出校园植物名录,并对校园不同功能区植物配置的合理性进行分析评价.在此基础上提出优化植物配置的建议.     

济西湿地生物多样性及保护对策

本文采用样线法,对济西湿地生物多样性进行了调查,并分析了受威胁原因。济西湿地位于济南市西部,拥有高等植物867种,陆生野生动物202种(不含低等动物),是全市重要的野生动植物栖息地之一。济西湿地的生物多样性受到威胁,原因是多种多样的,例如:人为因素、自然因素、管理原因等。根据生物多样性的受威胁原因,提出了相应的保护对策。     

泸沽湖浮游生物多样性及垂直变化规律研究

2020年1月、5月、9月利用系统抽样法对泸沽湖浮游生物多样性、密度和生物量进行调查,并对浮游生物密度垂直变化规律进行研究,为泸沽湖渔业管理、珍稀濒危鱼类的生境恢复及水生生态环境保护提供科学依据.调查共鉴定浮游生物243种,其中浮游植物7门10纲23目41科85属148种,小转板藻(Mougeotia parvula)...     

Arthropods as surrogates of diversity at different spatial scales

This study evaluates the effectiveness of taxonomic, colonization and trophic groups of arthropods from native forests of the Azores archipelago as surrogates of the diversity of other arthropod groups and of the remaining arthropods. Consistency in the performance of surrogates was tested across three spatial scales and using two measures of diversity. Pitfall and beating samples from 109 transects, 18 forest fragments and seven islands were analysed. The results showed that Araneae, Hemiptera and small orders taxonomic groups; native, endemic and introduced colonization groups; and the herbivores trophic group were consistent surrogates of the remaining diversity across the three spatial scales analysed, for both alpha and dissimilarity diversities. However, none of the subsets considered was significantly related with all of the other subsets at any of the three spatial scales. The effectiveness of surrogacy was dependent on the spatial level considered, and groups behaved inconsistently depending on the measure of diversity used. The value of a group as a diversity surrogate should be evaluated for a study area for a given spatial scale and diversity measure, in accordance with the scale and measure that will be used for biodiversity assessments and monitoring programs in that area.