Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导

明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6,2个含有Pm4b,1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。     

饲料植物水生环境处理猪场厌氧废液水的效果

本文从COD,NH3-N,TN,TP四个方面分析了空心菜、水稻、水葫芦三种饲料植物水生环境处理猪场厌氧废液的水质变化规律.结果表明,三种饲料植物水生环境对猪场厌氧废液的COD去除率:空心菜＞水稻＞水葫芦;对NH3-N的去除率:水葫芦＞水稻＞空心菜;对TN的去除率:空心菜＞水稻＞水葫芦;对TP的去除率:水葫芦＞空心菜＞水稻.饲料植物对藻有抑制作用,藻对NH3-N和TN有去除作用,对照系统中由于藻的出现,增强了系统对NH3-N和TN的去除效果,因此在NH3-N和TN两指标上出现对照系统好于饲料植物处理系统.     

微生物处理利用秸杆的研究进展

秸秆是农业生产系统中一项重要的生物资源,由于秸秆本身的难降解性和当前处理秸秆的技术水平还有限,目前存在秸秆过剩问题。如何合理利用好秸秆资源是现代农业面临的难题。本文阐述了微生物处理秸秆的研究进展。     

芥蓝二氢黄酮醇4–还原酶基因BoaDFR的克隆与功能鉴定

以白花芥蓝‘四季粗条’为材料克隆了Boa DFR基因,Gen Bank登录号为MT472647,CDS序列长为1158 bp,编码385个氨基酸,与甘蓝型油菜、甘蓝和白菜等具有高度同源性。Boa DFR表达水平在芥蓝不同发育时期、不同器官中存在显著差异,随植株发育总体呈现先下降后上升的趋势,在幼嫩种子中表达量最高。芥蓝原生质体的亚细胞定位结果显示Boa DFR定位在细胞核上。构建了农杆菌介导的芥蓝瞬时过表达体系,将Boa DFR转入白花芥蓝‘四季粗条’和黄花芥蓝‘福州黄花’中,发现Boa DFR在两种芥蓝中均高水平表达,转基因植株叶片颜色明显变紫,花青素苷显著积累,总含量最高达461.43μg·g-1 FW,而野生型和转空载体芥蓝叶片中几乎检测不到花青素苷。通过HPLC在转基因植株叶片中共检测到8种花青素苷,均为矢车菊花青素苷,其中矢车菊–3–阿魏酰–丙二酰–槐糖苷–5–葡萄糖苷占比最高。     

四川大豆疫霉毒力鉴定及资源抗性分析

采用土壤诱捕和组织分离的方法,从四川省仁寿县和雅安市大豆根腐病发病田块采集的土壤中和病株上分离到4个大豆疫霉分离物RS1、RS2和YA1、YA2,用含有已知抗性基因的鉴别寄主进行毒力鉴定。结果表明YA1和YA2毒力公式相同,为1a,1b,1d,2,3c,属于同一致病型;RS1、RS2毒力公式分别为1a,1d,1k,3a,3c,4,5和1a,1b,1c,1d,1k,2,3c,5,分别为不同致病型。用3个致病型接种157份大豆资源,结果表明,抗病种质相对较少,占23.57%;地方品种抗病性较育成品种强,本研究可为大豆抗病性育种提供科学依据。     

Biocontrol of rice blast by the phenaminomethylacetic acid producer of Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BC79

Strain BC79, isolated from primeval forest soil in Qinling, Mountains, China, was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses as well as phylogenetic 16S rDNA sequencing data. This strain was able to suppress mycelial growth and conidial germination of numerous plant pathogenic fungi in dual cultures on solid media. For exploring potential biocontrol activity, we assessed fermentation conditions for studying B. meth1ylotrophicus BC79. The active substance of BC79, phenaminomethylacetic acid, was extracted by TLC and HPLC, and identified as the strongest inhibitory substance described in B. methylotrophicus. Experiments in a greenhouse showed that application of BC79 culture filtrates 24 h before inoculation of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, had 89.87% biocontrol efficiency. B. methylotrophicus BC79 colonized rice plant tissues and at 10 days after filtrate application, its population in leaves (1.65 × 10⁸ CFU/g) was much larger than in stems (6.78 × 10⁷ CFU/g) or roots (3.56 × 10⁷ CFU/g). Field trials indicated that BC79 culture filtrate (4000 g/667 m²) showed the highest efficiency for M. oryzae, with 84.8% biocontrol effect, followed by of 15% phenaminomethylacetic acid extract (75.5%) and 20% tricyclazole (76.1%). Seedling and post-transplant stages were the best periods to apply BC79 for control of rice blast. The B. methylotrophicus BC79 strain hence has enormous potential as an agricultural agent for biocontrol of rice blast.     

Integration of soil applied neonicotinoid insecticides and acibenzolar-S-methyl for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) control of citrus canker on young citrus trees

Soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides for control of psyllid vectors of Huanglongbing disease on young citrus trees also produces season-long SAR control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al. The neonicotinoids imidacloprid (IMID) and thiamethoxam (THIA) were compared with soil or sprinkler applications of the commercial SAR inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and foliar sprays of copper hydroxide (CH) and/or streptomycin (STREP) to evaluate their effects on the percentage of canker-infected leaves on 2-yr-old ‘Vernia’ orange and 3-yr-old ‘Ray Ruby’ grapefruit trees in Southeast Florida. All treatments significantly reduced the incidence of foliar canker compared to the untreated check. Soil drenches of ASM and season long rotations with IMID and THIA were highly effective for suppressing foliar canker on young grapefruit and orange trees under weather conditions absent of high intensity rains or tropical storms. Sprinkler application of ASM was less effective than soil drench. The level of control for SAR treatments was comparable to eleven 21-day interval sprays of CH and/or STREP. SAR induced by soil-applied insecticides provides substantial benefits for canker disease management on young citrus trees that may be augmented with ASM.     

Agronomic and physiological contributions to the yield improvement of soybean cultivars released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China

Increasing yield is a high priority in most breeding programs. Approximately 600 soybean cultivars had been released by the end of the last century in Northeast China. Understanding the agronomic and physiological changes is essential for planning further plant breeding strategies in soybean. In this study, 45 representative soybean cultivars, from maturity groups 00 and 0, released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China were compared in field conditions for 3 consecutive years. A positive correlation between seed yield and year of cultivar release was indicated with a 0.58% average annual increase. Seed number per plant was the most important contributor to yield gain, with a 0.41% increase per year. Pod number per plant and seed size varied slightly with the year of cultivar release. Although variation in protein was from 37.0% to 45.5%, and oil concentration was from 16.7% to 22.0%, their concentrations were not consistently related to year of cultivar release. A 33% increase in the photosynthetic rate, 10.6% increase in plant dry weight and 19.0% increase in harvest index (HI) were found, while leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 17.3%. Modern cultivars have higher photosynthetic rates than their predecessors. The reduced plant height gave increased resistance to lodging, with the lodging score dropping from 3.2 in 1951 to 1.0 in 2006. Seed resistances to disease and pest infestation were also improved. Yield stability was enhanced over years, which could be attributed to the stable pod production across different environments. A flow diagram to explain the contributors to genetic improvement of soybeans in Northeast China was developed.     

黑茶调节脂质代谢的物质基础及机理研究进展

黑茶调节脂质代谢的作用已在各类研究中被报道,关于其活性物质及作用机理的研究也已逐渐展开。本文总结了黑茶中主要活性成分及特殊成分的化学特性和含量差异,并对黑茶的安全性作了评价。在此基础上,结合各类成分的功能机理研究,探讨了它们调节脂质代谢的途径或方式,同时对黑茶多成分、多途径的降脂机制进行了归纳和总结。