Design properties for molded,corn-based DDGS-filled phenolic resin

With the rapid growth in the ethanol fuel industry in recent years, considerable research is being devoted to maximizing the use of processing coproducts, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), typically for livestock diets. Because these residues contain high fiber levels, they may be amendable to incorporation into polymers as well, which is an option that could garner greater economic returns. Thus, the goal of this study was to demonstrate the viability of using corn-based DDGS as a biofiller with phenolic resin, in order to produce a novel biomaterial. DDGS was blended with phenolic resin at four levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, by weight), and then compression molded at 13.8, 34.5, or 48.3 MPa (1.0, 2.5, or 3.5 tons/in.²) and 157, 174, or 191 °C (315, 345, or 375 F). Molded specimens were then tested for a variety of mechanical and physical properties. Pressure and temperature each had little effect on the resulting properties. DDGS, on the other hand, greatly influenced all of the properties. Tensile yield strengths ranged from 14.5 MPa (2102 psi) to 4.3 MPa (621 psi), while the Young's modulus ranged from 2296 MPa (333,000 psi) to 841 MPa (122,000 psi) as the DDGS content increased. For all time periods studied, water absorption increased as DDGS level increased. Moreover, as DDGS content increased to a maximum of 75%, biodegradability increased from 0% to 38% while the surface hardness decreased 25%. These results were similar to those from other studies that have investigated biofillers. Follow-up studies should aim to optimize the strength of the DDGS-blended resins through the use of coupling agents or other additives.     

新型豆粕氨基酸营养价值的评定

用FOSS2300瑞士全自动凯氏定氮仪和德国氨基酸分析仪测定新型豆粕的粗蛋白质为453.092g/kg,18种氨基酸含量为327.65 g/kg,占粗蛋白质含量的72.31%,氨基酸的总消化率为79.31%。生长畜禽所需的10种必需氨基酸含量达163.36 g/kg,占18种氨基酸总量的49.86%,以70日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定其消化率为74%~90%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型计算平衡性指数,表明新型豆粕为家禽的良好蛋白源。     

The effect of plastic mulch on the fate of urea-N in rain-fed maize production in a semiarid environment as assessed by 15N-labeling

A better understanding of the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) is critical to design appropriate N management strategies in plastic-mulched croplands. We evaluated the effects of plastic mulch on urea-N recovery by crops and loss from soil in furrow-ridge plots, with and without maize (Zea mays L.) cropping, in a semi-arid rain-fed site in China. We applied the same rate of urea-N (281 kg ha⁻¹) to all treatments during the preparation of the furrow-ridges in 2011 and 2012 but ¹⁵N-labeled the urea in 2011 only. We used transparent film to cover all soil surfaces in the mulched treatments and seeded maize in furrows in treatments with crop. In 2011, plastic mulch increased the total N uptake in the aboveground biomass of maize by 53%, whereas it decreased the in-season labeled-N uptake by 19%, compared to non-mulched treatment. At harvest in 2011, in mulched treatments the total labeled-N remaining in the 0−170 cm soil layer was 25% greater whereas unaccounted labeled-N was 69% less, than in non-mulched treatments, regardless of whether maize was cropped. In 2012 the effect of mulch on total maize N uptake was comparable to that in 2011, but the residual soil labeled-N uptake by maize was 63% higher in mulched compared to non-mulched treatment. At harvest in 2012, plastic mulch increased total labeled-N remaining in the 0−170 cm depth in cropped soils and unaccounted labeled-N in non-cropped soils, compared with no mulch. Our results indicate that plastic mulch profoundly changes the fate of urea-N in maize production in cold and dry croplands.     

黄硬皮马勃提取物抑菌活性初步研究

从黄硬皮马勃(Scleroderma citrinumPer.)子实体提取物正丁醇部分分离得到一种具有抑菌活性的非蛋白氨基酸,通过波谱分析鉴定为N,N-二甲基苯丙氨酸(N,N-dimethylphenylala-nine)。抑菌活性测定结果表明,该化合物与黄硬皮马勃总浸膏以及黄硬皮马勃正丁醇部分浸膏对5种细菌和3种霉菌均具有不同程度的抑制作用,且对于细菌的抑制效果要明显强于霉菌。该化合物对供试的5种细菌最小抑制浓度基本保持在3.75 mg/mL。     

桐油转化生物柴油的研究

为了考察桐油制备生物柴油的可行性,分析了桐油的脂肪酸成分,研究了桐油转化生物柴油的工艺条件,并测定了桐油生物柴油的主要性能指标。结果表明,桐油的平均相对分子质量为927.32,其主要成分为含有18个碳的不饱和脂肪酸,其中α-桐酸是其脂肪酸的主要成分(75.033%)。酯交换法制备桐油生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为:甲醇与桐油的摩尔比6∶1,催化剂用量为桐油质量的1.0%,反应温度30℃,反应时间20 min,平均转化率为82.8%。在此最佳条件下制备的桐油生物柴油的主要性能指标,除运动粘度、酸值较高外,基本符合0#矿物柴油标准。     

白绒红蛋鸟巢菌发酵液提取物的抑菌活性

对白绒红蛋鸟巢菌[Nidula niveotomentosa(P.Henn)Lloyd]发酵液的正丁醇提取物进行抑菌试验,结果显示:正丁醇提取物对土曲霉、绳状青霉、产黄青霉、宛氏拟青霉和青霉均有较强的抑制作用。不同浓度处理时,提取物对霉菌的抑制作用呈极显著差异。且抑菌作用随浓度的增大而增强。结果还显示:提取物对细菌和植物病原菌无抑菌活性。且提取物对土曲霉、绳状青霉、产黄青霉的MIC为6.25 mg/mL,对宛氏青霉和青霉的MIC为12.5 mg/mL。     

杠柳杀虫活性成分的研究

在杀虫活性追踪指导下,运用萃取、硅胶柱层析、高效液相色谱制备等方法,从杠柳根部甲醇提取物中分离出化合物LY01,经1H NMR1、3C NMR等波谱方法鉴定,LY01为杠柳新甙A(periplocosides A)。生物测定结果表明,LY01为杠柳的主要杀虫活性成分。试虫对样品表现出特殊症状,试虫的中肠及脂肪体被破坏,初步认为LY01是一种消化毒剂。     

小麦基因组DNA的高效提取和稳定RAPD体系的构建

对小麦黄化苗、叶片和种子基因组DNA提取,以及对影响RAPD结果的反应体系和反应条件的各项因素进行了研究。建立了快速、高效的适合于多种情况的DNA提取方法。构建了适用面宽而且稳定可靠的RAPD反应条件和反应体系。即反应条件为94℃预变性3 min,37℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,循环2次,94℃变性1 min,37℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,再从94℃变性1 min开始循环38次,最后72℃延伸10min;20μL反应体系为2.5 mmol/L Mg2 ,0.2 mmol/L dNTP,10 pmol引物,25 ng模板,0.8 UTaq酶。     

泽漆化感机理的初步研究

运用室内培养皿生物测定方法,对泽漆的化感作用的研究表明,泽漆水提液对小麦幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用,且抑制强度随浸提液浓度升高而加强,其对小麦根的抑制作用比对苗的抑制作用明显。供试小麦的一些生理测定指标表明,泽漆水提液刺激供试小麦的根系活力增强,可溶性蛋白含量降低,叶绿素含量稍有下降。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显提高。     

紫花地丁抑菌活性成分的研究初报

采用活性跟踪法从紫花地丁的氯仿萃取物中分离得到1个抗菌活性成分(化合物1),并以停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和沙门氏菌为供试菌,对紫花地丁的抑菌活性及其活性成分进行了初步研究。结果表明,化合物1初步鉴定为黄酮类化合物;紫花地丁的主要活性成分位于甲醇-水(V(甲醇)∶V(蒸馏水)=1∶1)萃取物和氯仿萃取物中;化合物1对以上6种供试菌的最小抑菌浓度依次为0.039,0.078,0.156,0.313,0.625和1.25mg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和乳房链球菌的最小杀菌浓度≤2.5mg/mL,对停乳链球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的最小杀菌浓度>2.5mg/mL。