Decreasing detection frequency of MITE(MCLas-A) in the population of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' recently collected in southern China

An active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE), MCLas-A, was previously identified from ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' known to be associated with citrus Huanglongbing(HLB, yellow shoot disease). To explore the recent transposition status of MCLas-A, 389 ‘Ca. L. asiaticus' strains collected from nine regions in China were amplified using a specific primer set and three representative ‘Ca. L. asiaticus' strains were analyzed by next-generation sequencing(NGS) approach. PCR and genomic analysis showed that the entire MCLas-A was only present in 1.80%(7/389) and the jumping-out type of the MITE was predominant(81.23%) in samples tested, suggesting high frequency transposition occurred in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus' strains recently collected from China. Biological roles of transposition of the active MITE remain to be determined.     

运用有效积温法则预测草地贪夜蛾在广西的发生世代数

[目的]研究草地贪夜蛾的发育起点温度和有效积温,为草地贪夜蛾发生期预测及防治提供科学依据.[方法]在人工气候箱中,分别测定草地贪夜蛾在16、19、22、25和28℃下各虫态的发育历期,计算各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温;运用Logisitic曲线模型建立各虫态发育速率与温度的关系;采用有效积温法则预测草地贪夜蛾在广西的年发生世代.[结果]草地贪夜蛾在16~28℃下均能完成生活史,19~28℃适宜草地贪夜蛾生长和繁殖,且发育历期除预蛹期外均随着温度的升高而缩短.卵、幼虫、预蛹、雄蛹、雌蛹、产卵前期和世代的发育起点温度分别为8.95、12.29、3.86、11.16、11.82、12.86和10.64℃,有效积温分别为50.71、155.68、51.88、130.86、107.98、39.42和446.38 d·℃.[结论]草地贪夜蛾在广西的年理论发生世代为7~11代,发生世代多且全年均可发生,对广西作物生产安全构成严重威胁,应加强预测预报.     

褚橙龙陵基地柑橘叶片DRIS图解法和指数法综合营养诊断分析

[目的]开展基于综合营养诊断施肥法(Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System,DRIS)的冰糖橙种植基地柑橘营养诊断,为柑橘园的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考依据.[方法]以云南褚橙龙陵基地500 ha冰糖橙为研究对象(柑橘园随机划分为8个区域),通过测定成熟秋梢叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铁(Fe)矿质营养的含量,运用DRIS图解法求得冰糖橙叶片各营养元素诊断参数最适比范围,依据DRIS指数法求得各区域冰糖橙需肥紧迫程度排序及养分不平衡指数(NII),初步制定冰糖橙树体营养元素DRIS指数分级标准.[结果]整个园区高产园(>22500 kg/ha)的各营养元素含量大多高于低产园(≤22500 kg/ha),高产园和低产园间N、Fe、N/Fe、P/Fe、Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Zn差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01).当N/P在2.27~2.57,N/K在1.58~1.91,P/K在0.66~0.79时冰糖橙叶片N、P和K养分含量平衡;当Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Fe、Cu/Zn、Cu/Fe和Zn/Fe分别在17.01~19.09、0.21~0.26、0.012~0.015、2.77~4.60、0.30~0.43和0.09~0.12时,冰糖橙叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu养分处于平衡状态.综合诊断显示冰糖橙叶片养分需求顺序为Mg>N>K>P>Ca>Cu>Zn>Fe,不同区域冰糖橙养分需求顺序不同,高产园冰糖橙相对缺乏的养分有N、P,低产园相对缺乏的养分有N、Mg,相比之下,低产园营养比例失衡情况较严重.依据高产园叶片矿质营养元素含量范围确定冰糖橙叶片矿质营养元素的适宜值为N(11.66~13.30 g/kg)、P(4.74~5.61 g/kg)、K(6.23~8.23 g/kg)、Ca(13.67~19.33 g/kg)、Mg(0.86~0.97 g/kg)、Cu(14.49~37.71 mg/kg)、Zn(6.38~8.02 mg/kg)和Fe(55.91~85.74 mg/kg).[结论]根据DRIS诊断,褚橙龙陵基地冰糖橙园普遍存在N、P、K、Ca、Mg缺乏,Cu、Zn、Fe相对过剩问题.DRIS图解法和指标法综合诊断既可求得各元素最适比范围和需肥紧迫程度,同时,参照冰糖橙叶片养分含量分级标准能判断树体营养元素的平衡状况,可用于生产上指导下一年合理施肥.     

OsHemA gene,encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice(Oryza sativa)

Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis. Even though the main role of GluTR has been established, the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency, designated as cbd1. With intact thylakoid lamellar structure, the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids(Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type. By map-based gene cloning, the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10, in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene. Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test, confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype. OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1. Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus. A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes, except for POR and CHLG, were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA, suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway. Interestingly, we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected, except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1. Collectively, OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.     

Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.     

烤烟配方营养土定制化生产机械研制

在充分调查论证和反复试验基础上，确定以饼肥、菌渣、牛粪和钙镁磷肥的配方营养土替代传统烤烟火土灰配方营养土。根据饲料粉碎搅拌加工一体化原理，研制烤烟营养土加工机械。针对混制箱的堵塞问题，通过改进混制系统的粉碎和搅拌方式予以消除。试点机械化、规模化制作烤烟营养土，商品化供应烟农，简化烟农营养土制作工序，降低烟农营养土制作成本，满足烟叶生产规模化降本增效和烟叶生产绿色发展的需要，具有较好的社会和经济效益。      

“人的城镇化”与图书馆全方位知识服务

人的城镇化是新型城镇化的核心。在此分析了"人的城镇化"的内涵、中国在"人的城镇化"中面临的问题,并结合作为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的重庆市的现状,探寻"人的城镇化"问题的根源。基于重庆市南岸区参与新型城镇化工作试点的实践基础,提出在"人的城镇化"进程中,图书馆全方位知识服务的应对策略。     

UV/H2O2降解水体中磷酸三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）酯的研究

以磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCP)作为研究对象,探索了TDCP的紫外光氧化高效降解方法。结果表明,紫外光光强对TDCP的降解有很大的影响。当TDCP初始浓度为10 mg/kg,紫外光光强为94.5×100μW/cm2,反应时间为60 min,加入H2O2浓度为5.00 mmol/L,溶液起始pH为7时,TDCP的TOC去除率为93.69%,有机氯、有机磷完全转化为Cl-和PO43-;UV/H2O2体系能有效的降解TDCP。     

茉莉酸合成抑制剂对棉花脱分化及茎尖培养的影响

以棉花幼苗下胚轴和茎尖作为试验材料,通过添加不同浓度的外源茉莉酸合成抑制剂,观察棉花下胚轴生根及愈伤组织的形成率以及对茎尖分化的影响,探究茉莉酸合成抑制剂对棉花脱分化及茎尖培养的影响。结果表明,茉莉酸合成抑制剂可以显著地促进愈伤组织的生成,加快生根,但是会在一定程度上抑制愈伤组织POD及SOD的活性。当茉莉酸合成抑制剂浓度为0.075 mg·L~(-1)时,对生根及愈伤组织形成方面作用效果最显著。而在茎尖培养过程中,2.0 mg·L~(-1)的茉莉酸合成抑制剂在棉花茎尖培养初期对分生组织分化起显著促进作用,棉花生长量最大,植株SOD酶和POD酶活性最大。