雏鸭重组禽流感（H5+H7）三价灭活苗母源抗体消长规律

为探究雏鸭重组禽流感(H5+H7)三价灭活苗母源抗体消长规律,确定最佳首免日龄,将试验分为A组(种鸭免疫H5N1 Re-11+Re-12株、H7N9 H7-Re-2株、H5N2疫苗)和B组(种鸭免疫H5N2 rSD57株+rFJ56株、H7N9 rGD76株疫苗);选其孵化后的雏鸭各300羽,分别于1、7、14、21、28日龄时采血,每组随机采集100份样品,通过血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验进行禽流感母源抗体检测。结果显示:两组各亚型母源抗体在1日龄时平均滴度均达最高水平( 7.27log2),且离散程度低( 0.22)。两组雏鸭的禽流感母源抗体阳性率均随日龄增长而逐渐下降,7日龄时,平均滴度在4.26log2以上,群体抗体阳性率在76%以上,其中B组阳性率略高于A组;14日龄时,平均滴度都下降到2.55log2以下,群体抗体阳性率下降到25%以下;21日龄时,平均滴度均在0.43log2以下,群体抗体阳性率下降至1%以下。结果表明,高抗体水平种鸭能够使后代雏鸭具有较高水平的禽流感母源抗体,但母源抗体保护时间较短,重组禽流感(H5+H7)三价灭活苗的最佳首免时间为7～14日龄。本研究为鸭禽流感疫苗免疫策略制定提供了参考。     

花椒叶浸提液对紫云英种子的化感作用

研究了不同浓度(5,10,20,40 g/L)的花椒叶浸提液对供试植物紫云英的种子萌发、幼苗根长及生理生化的影响,探究花椒化感作用的可能机理,从而为全面了解花椒林草间作种间关系及为农林复合经营和科学栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:1)花椒叶浸提液对紫云英种子萌发和幼苗根长均具有不同程度的抑制作用,且作用强度与浓度呈正相关(P<0.05);2)随浸提液浓度升高,紫云英幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)含量表现为先降后升,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量则显著升高,而苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性则表现为先升后降.综上,花椒叶浸提液主要通过抑制紫云英体内防御酶活性,并产生对其细胞结构和功能伤害而发挥其化感效应.     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散。对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因。发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造成极坏影响,也影响了食品安全。本文概述了发酵乳中来自原辅料、环境、水中霉菌零星污染来源、验证方法以及相应控制措施,以期为发酵乳中霉菌控制提供参考。     

蛋鸡不同阶段营养调控

蛋鸡养殖期间不同生长发育阶段的营养需求有所差异,为更好地满足不同阶段蛋鸡的生长需求,应对饲料配方做出动态化调整,加强营养调控技术的研究。通过对饲料配方进行科学调整,能保证营养供给更加充足,更加均衡满足蛋鸡生长需求,保证蛋鸡健康生长,减少饲料成本,提高饲料利用效率。该文主要论述蛋鸡在不同生长阶段的营养调控技术,并提出完善蛋鸡营养调控技术的措施。     

Necrotic enteritis challenge regulates peroxisome proliferator-1 activated receptors signaling and β-oxidation pathways in broiler chickens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic era. The infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and, thus, productivity. To gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers, global mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this disease. Briefly, to induce NE, birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 10⁸ CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium perfringens on days 14 and 15. On day 16, 2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion scores. Duodenum tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate (n = 4) was used for histology, and the jejunum tissue for RNA extraction. RNA-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA HiSeq 2000 sequencer. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein–protein interactions (PPI). At a false discovery rate threshold <0.05, a total of 377 DEG (207 upregulated and 170 downregulated) DEG were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEG were considerably enriched in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling (P < 0.01) and β-oxidation pathways (P < 0.05). The DEG were mostly related to fatty acid metabolism and degradation (cluster of differentiation 36 [CD36], acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member-1 [ACSBG1], fatty acid-binding protein-1 and -2 [FABP1] and [FABP2]; and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase-1 [ACSL1]), bile acid production and transportation (acyl-CoA oxidase-2 [ACOX2], apical sodium–bile acid transporter [ASBT]) and essential genes in the immune system (interferon-, [IFN-γ], LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase [LCK], zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 kDa [ZAP70], and aconitate decarboxylase 1 [ACOD1]). Our data revealed that pathways related to fatty acid digestion were significantly compromised which thereby could have affected metabolic and immune responses in NE infected birds.     

湖南省可再生能源开发现状及对策

描述了湖南省可再生能源开发现状，论述了可再生能源开发在湖南省经济可持续发展战略中的地位及作用，分析了影响开发速度的主要问题和障碍，并提出了加快开发可再生能源的政策、措施和建议。     

基于ZigBee的寒地水稻温室大棚智能控制系统设计

针对我国北方寒地水稻育秧大棚的结构特点,设计并开发了一套基于ZigBee的智能控制系统,并构建了该系统的星型网络,用以实现将传感器采集到的数据进行无线传输的功能。系统进行数据采集的模块分别采用AT89S52单片机、数字式空气温湿度传感器DB420、数字式土壤温度传感器DS18B20和数字式土壤水分传感器SM2802M,用这些模块来监测空气中的温湿度、土壤温度以及土壤水分等,将监测到的数据通过JM12864F显示出来。这些采集模块还可以监测到大棚内的空气温湿度、土壤温度、土壤水分含量等实时信息,并对这些信息进行分析处理,将分析处理的结果发送到用户手中,达到远程监控的目的。     

木醋液对牛粪堆肥理化性质的影响

以牛粪为堆肥原料,研究不同浓度木醋液对牛粪堆肥理化性质的影响。试验采用好氧人工翻堆方式进行。试验共设4个处理,浓度分别为0.2%、0.5%、0.8%的木醋液处理和不添加木醋液的对照处理。通过试验分析温度、含水率、EC、pH值、铵态氮和硝态氮含量等指标随堆肥发酵时间变化的特征。结果表明:各处理组在堆肥发酵过程中pH均在适宜微生物生长的范围内,含水率都保持在55%以上;EC都呈先上升后下降的趋势;添加不同浓度木醋液处理与对照处理相比,都显著提高铵态氮硝态氮含量,从而有效减少堆肥发酵过程中氨气挥发和氮素损失,其中浓度为0.5%木醋液处理效果最好,与对照相比,肥堆升温快,进入高温所需时间短,高温持续时间长,在整个堆肥发酵过程中含水率一直保持在60%~70%之间,发酵结束时物料电导率较低,堆料腐熟快,有利于加快堆肥发酵进程。     

Blood Typing of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursusthibetanus)

In this study,we aimed to determine whether bear had different blood group systems.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic Black bears in Fujian province,China.Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol.Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.The plasma from four bears had antibodies,possibly IgM isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears.Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents.The results showed that 4 bears had blood type like human type O,while 6 bears had like human type B.Plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca).We suggested that Asiatic Black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types.If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test was necessary.Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic Black bear in case of emergency.     

我国黑果枸杞研究进展

黑果枸杞集药用价值、经济价值、生态价值于一体,开发应用潜力巨大。现从资源分布、栽培育种、化学成分、遗传学及产品加工等方面,对近年来我国黑果枸杞研究进行了综述,以期为黑果枸杞的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。