值得在华南地区推广应用的3种野生观赏樱属植物

通过对华南地区野生樱属植物进行深入的调查,从形态特征、生态习性、繁殖、观赏价值、园林应用等方面,介绍了钟花樱桃、尾叶樱桃和海南樱桃3种适合在华南地区推广应用的樱属植物。     

支管射流三通结构优化与试验

为了提高支管射流三通水力性能,改善滴灌的灌水均匀性,基于CFX数值模拟技术,对进口宽度为15 mm的支管射流三通进行结构优化.选取位差、劈距、劈尖半径和侧壁倾角为影响因素,通过四因素三水平正交设计了9组模型,边界条件设定为进口压力100 kPa.选取支管射流三通出口设计流量为评价标准,支管射流三通最优结构尺寸为位差5.5 mm、劈距113 mm、劈尖半径13 mm、侧壁倾角10°.此结构尺寸参数下的支管射流三通水力性能试验结果表明:在进口水压为100 kPa时,支管射流三通脉冲频率为148次/min,水头压力振幅为37.9 kPa,水头压力损失为16.7 kPa,出口流量为0.698 L/s;支管射流三通所接滴灌带长度为60 m时,与普通支管三通相比,支管射流三通的灌水均匀系数提高了2.78%,流量偏差率降低了4.72%.该研究可为射流技术在脉冲滴灌系统的研究、开发与应用提供理论依据.     

农业科技期刊栏目学术影响力的评价—以《热带作物学报》为例

根据中国知网中检索《热带作物学报》2010~2014年发表论文的关键词词频、被引频次、下载频次、论文作者等数据统计栏目篇被引频次、下载频次和影响因子情况，分析农业科技期刊栏目的学术影响力。结果表明：2010~2014年《热带作物学报》文章涉及的主要热带作物为橡胶树、木薯、甘蔗、香蕉、水稻、荔枝、龙眼、芒果和番木瓜等；论文内容涵盖作物营养、栽培与遗传育种，植物生理生化，生物技术与组织培养，作物病虫害及其防治、环境保护，农产品加工与分析检测、综述等6个栏目，其中综述栏目的影响因子最高，发表论文较多的作者文章均属于生物技术栏目。综合上述分析结果，提出了策划精品栏目、加强编辑栏目组稿、针对综述栏目约稿、开辟学术探讨窗口、借助新媒体打造栏目特色等建议，以体现本刊的专业特色和刊物宗旨，将成为读者阅读的向导和作者撰稿的指南。     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Anticoccidial Activities of a Compound Chinese Medicine

Quality control and screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicines have been performed using fingerprint analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and efficacy of herbal drugs is considered as a potentially useful method for determining active ingredients in complex mixtures. The study was designed to develop a method for determining the bioactive components of a compound Chinese medicine called Tiefeng based on spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints and anticoccidial activities. Four peaks of the established HPLC fingerprint indicate the main bioactive components of this medicine. In addition, pharrnacodynamic atlas was defined and used to assess the anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng from different sources for the first time. We found that the level of anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng was consistent with the degree of similarity between the pharmacodynamic atlas and chromatogram of any sample. Furthermore, effect of this medicine was related with the main active constituents, along with the origin and the harvesting time.     

菌草栽培猴头菌配方筛选

以5种菌草(巨菌草、象草、五节芒、芒萁、类芦)草粉为试材,采用三级系统筛选法对5种菌草草粉进行配方筛选优化,以期得到菌草栽培猴头菌的最佳配方。结果表明:5种菌草草粉中,菌草栽培猴头菌菌丝体的最佳配方为39%芒萁、39%类芦、20%麸皮、2%石膏,含水量为60%。该配方猴头菌菌丝体生长速度快,达0.654 9cm·d~(-1);当栽培料中的菌草和木屑的混合比例为28%∶50%时,猴头菌子实体头茬的产量高,平均每袋产量为269.24g。     

稳定性肥料发展与展望

稳定性肥料的核心是脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂，是指在肥料的生产过程中添加脲酶抑制剂或硝化抑制剂，或者同时添加两种抑制剂的肥料。其良好的农学效应和环境效益为实现农业节本增效提供重要途径。近年来稳定性肥料在基础科研和生产应用领域均发展较快，本文对国内外相关研究进行系统总结，并指出未来的发展方向。首先，回顾了抑制剂的研发、作用机理等方面的进展；其次，概述了稳定性肥料的品种、生产工艺、产能及推广应用情况；最后，对稳定性肥料应用后的作物产量和环境效应进行了阐述。为了促进稳定性肥料产业的健康持续发展，未来需要进一步加强环境友好型抑制剂品种的研发；重视抑制剂保护技术的研究，以解决抑制剂作用效果持久性和稳定性的问题；加强不同抑制剂配伍协同，抑制剂与增效剂复合作用机理与技术的研究；研究开发针对不同区域、不同作物的稳定性专用肥料。     

凤县休闲农业发展现状及存在问题与对策

近年来,凤县转型发展休闲农业取得了巨大成功,对其发展历程进行深入研究,可以进一步促进凤县休闲农业规范快速发展,同时为我国休闲农业发展提供范例参考。详细阐述了凤县休闲农业发展的现状,对凤县发展休闲农业的优势进行了分析,就存在的问题重点从加强政府引导、理顺管理体制、制定规划标准及加大扶持力度4个方面阐明了凤县休闲农业发展的新举措,以期为凤县在休闲农业发展中获取更大的竞争优势提供参考。     

比重分级对杂交水稻种子发芽、出苗和产量的影响

以杂交水稻品种陆两优996和两优培九的商品种子为试验材料,以盐水溶液将种子精选分级为比重1.0(T1)、1.0~1.09(T2)、1.1~1.19(T3)、≥1.2(T4)等不同等级,以未精选的种子为对照(CK),研究比重分级对种子发芽出苗、秧苗素质及产量的影响。结果表明,种子精选分级后,处理T2、T3、T4种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、出苗率、成秧率均不同程度高于CK,T1处理则显著低于CK;与未分级的商品种子对照相比,T2、T3、T4处理均增产显著,增产的原因是单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数增加。