稳定性肥料发展与展望

稳定性肥料的核心是脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂，是指在肥料的生产过程中添加脲酶抑制剂或硝化抑制剂，或者同时添加两种抑制剂的肥料。其良好的农学效应和环境效益为实现农业节本增效提供重要途径。近年来稳定性肥料在基础科研和生产应用领域均发展较快，本文对国内外相关研究进行系统总结，并指出未来的发展方向。首先，回顾了抑制剂的研发、作用机理等方面的进展；其次，概述了稳定性肥料的品种、生产工艺、产能及推广应用情况；最后，对稳定性肥料应用后的作物产量和环境效应进行了阐述。为了促进稳定性肥料产业的健康持续发展，未来需要进一步加强环境友好型抑制剂品种的研发；重视抑制剂保护技术的研究，以解决抑制剂作用效果持久性和稳定性的问题；加强不同抑制剂配伍协同，抑制剂与增效剂复合作用机理与技术的研究；研究开发针对不同区域、不同作物的稳定性专用肥料。

The development and outlook of stabilized fertilizers

Stabilized fertilizers refer to fertilizers added with urease or/and nitrification inhibitors during manufacture. Stabilized fertilizers have showed good agronomic and environmental effects, and their application is one of the methods for cost saving and effectiveness increasing in agriculture. Scientific researches and application of the stabilized fertilizers exhibit rapid progress in recent years. We summarized relative works and proposed some research directions in the future. The key point of stabilized fertilizers is urease and nitrification inhibitors. The research and development of urease and nitrification inhibitors, as well as their effecting paths, were reviewed firstly. Then the type, manufacturing technique, productivity capacity, and the popularization and application were summarized. The crop yields and environmental effects for the application of stabilized fertilizers were discussed at last. For the sustainable development of stabilized fertilizers industry, the research and development of environmental friendly inhibitors should be paid more attention. At the same time, the technologies for inhibitors protection should be reinforced to keep their function lasing longer and stable. Furthermore, researches on the effect mechanism and methods of compatible use of different types of inhibitors, the combined use of inhibitors with synergists is necessary. Specified fertilizers for different districts, crops should also be developed in the future.