东方百合高效离体再生体系的建立

采用东方百合鳞片叶切块为初始外植体,以从初始外植体上分化的丛生芽切段为次级外植体的两步外植体法,成功建立了东方百合的离体再生体系。研究了不同的2,4-D浓度及次级外植体的不同部位对愈伤组织诱导效果的影响,并确定了G418选择的临界浓度。结果表明:不同部位的次级外植体中,以短缩茎切片出愈率高、出愈快、愈伤组织致密;以MS附加2.0 mg/L 2,4-D和0.1 mg/L BA的培养基最适于东方百合愈伤组织的诱导;G418选择的临界浓度为50 mg/L。一个中等大小已脱春化的鳞茎通过愈伤组织再分化植株一代就能扩繁出27 000株左右的新植株,从鳞片叶开始至开花需9个月。     

营养限制对断奶羔羊血浆和胃肠道上皮组织抗氧化能力的影响

本研究旨在探讨能量、蛋白质或能量与蛋白质同时限制饲养对断奶羔羊血浆和胃肠道上皮组织抗氧化能力的影响.选取48头28日龄断奶羔羊,按随机区组原则分配到以下4组中:对照组、40%能量限制组、40%蛋白质限制组以及40%能量与40%蛋白质同时限制组.每组4个重复,每个重复3只羊.试验分为营养限制期(7周)和营养恢复期(9周),共16周.结果表明:能量或蛋白质限制显著降低第21天血浆谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),同时显著提高第21天丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),此外,蛋白质限制显著提高第41天MDA含量(P<0.05);能量与蛋白质同时限制显著降低第21天血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)、GR活性,第41天血浆CAT、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及第21天、第41天和第111天血浆T-AOC(P<0.05),同时显著提高第21天和第41天血浆MEA含量(P<0.05).试验第42天,能量限制显著降低瘤胃上皮和空肠黏膜谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、空肠黏膜CAT和GR活性(P<0.05);蛋白质限制显著降低瘤胃上皮和空肠黏膜GSH含量、空肠黏膜谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和T-AOC(P<0.05);能量和蛋白质同时限制显著降低瘤胃上皮和空肠黏膜GSH含量和CAT活性,空肠黏膜SOD、GSH-Px和GR活性以及T-AOC(P<0.05).试验第112天,能量限制显著降低空肠黏膜SCD活性和T-AOC(P<0.05);蛋白质限制显著降低瘤胃上皮和空肠黏膜T-AOC以及空肠黏膜SOD活性(P<0.05);能量和蛋白质同时限制显著降低瘤胃上皮和空肠黏膜T-AOC以及空肠黏膜GSH含量和SCD、GR活性(P<0.05).由此得出,对断奶羔羊进行能量、蛋白质或能量与蛋白质同时限制饲养会降低羔羊血浆和胃肠道上皮组织的抗氧化能力,并且该影响在试验观测期内不随营养水平的恢复而彻底解除.     

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.     

抗感大豆品种接种胞囊线虫后根部异黄酮含量变化

本文通过对2个抗胞囊线虫大豆品种(灰皮支黑豆和五寨黑豆)和2个感胞囊线虫大豆品种(中黄13和中黄35)接种胞囊线虫4号小种(SCN4)后的异黄酮含量变化分析,初步探索异黄酮在大豆对胞囊线虫抗性中的作用。结果表明,4个抗感大豆品种接种SCN4后根部异黄酮含量均诱导增加,但诱导增加程度不同,除灰皮支黑豆外,其他3个品种的异黄酮含量相比对照均显著升高。两个抗病品种的异黄酮诱导模式也不同,表明大豆对胞囊线虫的抗性可能存在多种机制,异黄酮可能参与其中的部分抗性机制。     

人工控制条件下的灰树花菌株筛选

对收集到的36个灰树花(Grifola frondosa)菌株在人工控制的环境条件下进行品比试验,为工厂化生产选择表现优良的菌株.共进行4轮筛选,从出菇正常的15个菌株中选择4个表现良好的菌株进行扩大栽培,对其稳定性进行研究.筛选出原基形成率高、抗逆性好的2个来自庆元的菌株(灰M良和灰M云)用于人工控制条件下生产.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Gene Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brassica napus L.

Based on the sequence of a novel expressed sequence tag (EST), the full-length cDNA of 1 017 nucleotides was cloned from Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The gene was designated as Bnhol34 (HQ585980), encoding a protein of 338 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed no high degree of sequence identity to any known gene. The calculated molecular weight of the Bnhol34 protein was 36.23 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 8.74. The Bnhol34 was also cloned from a high oleic acid mutant 854-1 through homologous cloning. There was no difference between the two Bnhol34 genes. Bnhol34 was localized in a tissue-specific manner in B. napus, and its expression level was about eight-fold greater in Xiangyou 15 seeds than in 854-1. The promoter region sequences of Bnhol34 were then isolated from Xiangyou 15 and 854-1, and a 93-bp deletion was found to occur in the Bnhol34 promoter region of 854-1. Three abscisic acid-responsive cis-elements (ABRE) were identified in the promoter region of Xiangyou 15. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that exogenous abscisic acid increased Bnhol34 expression by about four-fold in Xiangyou 15 seeds, yet did not change Bnhol34 expression in 854-1. It appeared that Bnhol34 might be abscisic acid insensitive in 854-1.     

诺丽果汁的抗氧化性研究

采用分光光度计法，以维他命C（Vc）为对照，考察诺丽果汁的多酚含量及其对1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、2，2-联氮双（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢（H2O2）等的抗氧化活性。结果表明：诺丽果汁中多酚含量较高（1.934 mg/mL），对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢等均具有很好的清除活性，且在清除羟自由基能力试验中，其活性显著高于阳性对照（Vc），表明诺丽果汁对人体具有良好的营养保健功效。     

基于NX的FANUC系统四轴加工中心后置处理器构建

使用NX后置处理构建器通用模板的基础上,设计符合FANUC数控系统四轴加工中心要求的专用后置处理器。     

大蒜冷藏破休眠栽培技术

利用三都县冬季低热条件，根据大蒜不同品种采取最佳的冷藏破休眠时间，配合适宜的栽培技术，可使蒜薹产品提早至春节期间上市，经济效益较高。     

主要栽培技术对"姜三七"产量与药效成分的影响

研究不同种植密度、不同肥料用量和不同施肥类型对"姜三七"产量和药用成分含量的影响,为"姜三七"的人工栽培措施的制定提供依据。结果表明:种植密度与产量呈显著正相关;与不施肥(对照)相比,有机肥+复合肥组合处理增产198%,施用复合肥处理的樟脑和莰烯含量分别增加1.14%和5.74%。