施肥对苜蓿土壤水分、养分和产量的影响:基于定位试验数据的Meta分析

为探究提高苜蓿(Medicago sativa)产量和改善土壤肥力性质的施肥措施,本研究以中国为研究区域,以不施肥苜蓿为对照,通过检索文献整合已发表的相关田间试验数据,采用整合分析方法(Meta-analysis),系统探究施肥措施对苜蓿地土壤水分、养分、产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,施肥可有效增加苜蓿土壤养分含量并提高苜蓿产量,但增加的地上生物量也影响了苜蓿对土壤水分的消耗,其中土壤有机质和全氮含量分别增加了3.1％～33.3％和4.5％～30.9％,土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了3.6％～144.4％和4.4％～24.8％,土壤水分下降了4.4％～11.8％.与不施肥相比,施肥措施下苜蓿增产率达到15.4％～198.2％,水分利用效率提高了5.9％～169.6％.进一步相关分析表明,苜蓿产量与0-200 cm土壤水分、有机质和速效磷含量均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),苜蓿水分利用效率与土壤速效磷含量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01).综上,施肥可有效增加土壤养分含量并提高苜蓿产量,其中化肥和有机肥配施表现出的增产作用最为突出,化肥配施对苜蓿水分利用效率的提升效应最佳.该研究可为苜蓿种植过程中适宜施肥措施的选择提供理论依据.     

1型鹅星状病毒ORF2蛋白原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

[目的] 利用原核表达系统表达1型鹅星状病毒（Goose astrovirus 1,GAstV-1）结构蛋白ORF2,并制备其多克隆抗体。[方法] 根据GAstV-1 TZ03株基因序列,对ORF2基因序列进行大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化和合成,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a（+）,构建重组质粒pET-ORF2,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定重组蛋白;将鉴定正确的重组蛋白纯化后免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,以间接免疫荧光试验鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性。[结果] 酶切和测序结果显示,成功获得重组质粒pET-ORF2;SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达的重组蛋白分子质量约为70 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在;Western blotting结果表明,该蛋白能与抗His标签鼠单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。间接ELISA检测制备的兔抗ORF2蛋白多克隆抗体效价达1：128 000;间接免疫荧光试验结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体能与GAstV-1发生特异性反应。[结论] 原核表达的GAstV-1 ORF2重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,制备的兔源多克隆抗体具有较高的效价和特异性,为研制GAstV-1相关诊断试剂奠定了基础。     

野生盘羊×巴什拜羊杂交二代尾部脂肪差异表达lncRNA的鉴定与分析

【目的】 分析不同脂尾型绵羊尾部脂肪组织中的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)的表达谱,探究lncRNA与绵羊尾部脂肪沉积机制的关系,为揭示绵羊尾脂沉积机制提供理论依据。【方法】 选择新疆地方绵羊巴什拜羊(肥尾型)和野生盘羊×巴什拜羊杂交二代(小尾型)作为研究对象,采集2个群体尾部脂肪组织,利用转录组测序技术筛选差异表达lncRNA并预测靶基因,对其进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术验证转录组测序的表达结果。【结果】 通过差异表达分析共筛选出728个差异表达lncRNAs,其中270个表达下调,458个表达上调;通过差异表达lncRNA靶基因的GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,筛选到634个靶基因参与疾病、免疫、蛋白修饰、细胞代谢等相关功能分类,共涉及76条信号通路,部分lncRNA介导的靶基因SCD、GPAM、THRSP、FASN等与绵羊尾部脂肪沉积相关。实时荧光定量PCR与转录组测序结果趋势相同。【结论】 lncRNA在绵羊脂尾进化中对尾部脂肪沉积具有重要的调控作用,为从lncRNA的角度分析绵羊脂肪沉积提供了理论依据。     

杉木采穗圃营建技术的研究

从1980年起,先后在湖南省零陵地区林科所和江永县高泽源林场营建杉木采穗圃7.5亩。实践表明:杉木采穗圃繁殖系数大、产量高,且技术容易掌握,便于推广,是加速杉木造林良种化的有效途径。同时说明,科学地选择建圃材料,采用浅栽、控制冠幅、弯干和截顶,以及加强对圃地的经营管理,是实现建圃目标,提高穗条产量和质量的关键措施。     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NUTRIENT CYCLING IN BIRCH STANDS WITH DIFFERENT AGE STAGES

SuccessionisthedynanucdeveloPInentofecosystemswhichcanbecharactetindbyenergyandndneralcyclings.Eachsuccessionstagehasitscharaceristicsofelementcycling.SomeschOlarshaveStatedbutbrieflawsofnutrienCyclinginsuccessionstagesI"3I.InthespaPer,thenutrientcyclingcharacterishcsofbirchsuccessionseriesinXiaokinganlingwerediscussed.SwrYAasAroarernoDSThestUdyareaislocatedinLiangshniNatUralReservesinthendddieofXiaox-ing'anlilg(l28"53,2o'rE,47olo'5O"N).Theclimat6belongstocontinentalmonsoonclimate,W…     

Study on dynamics of stem form of Korean pine trees in natural forest stand

INTRODUCTIONThcstcmfonl1ofnaturalKorcanpincforcst.ot\ingtothcsupprcsscdandshadcd,isvcry'difTcrcntt`iththatofplantation.Itis\'cry't'aluabIctostud}'thcstcmfonnforn1orcac-knot`lcdgcabouttl1ctrccd)-nan1icsofnaturalKorcanpinc.n1crcl1asbccnconsidcrabIcrescarchontl1cstc111for111cquationsasatoolforforcstmanagcmcnt,butitalmostbasnorclationshipt`-iththcbiologicalgrowthproccss.soitisx'ery'dimcuIttouscthccquationtoanalxrsisthcd\'amicsofstclllform.Hcrcthcdct'clopmcntofstcmformt"ascxPCctcdfornotonI\…     

不同光质对长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生长及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响

对不同光质条件下长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性水平进行检测,探讨长鞭红景天次生代谢和环境调节之间的相关性.结果表明:1)长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞生物量变化为S型曲线,6～9 d进入直线生长期,PAL活性也表现出一定的规律性,在细胞指数生长期急剧上升,至细胞干质量最大时,活性最大,生长停止期时急速下降至初始水平;2)不同光质在较长时间辐射处理下,长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量表现出一定的差异,PAL活性也随之不同,其中长时间的红光处理有利于酶活性的提高,但生物量显著低于白光处理.     

早竹TB1同源基因的克隆和表达分析

竹笋的形成和生长发育过程涉及侧枝形态发生,探讨侧枝发育有关基因在竹笋发育过程中的作用,对于阐明竹笋发育基因调控机制有重要意义.利用禾本科TB1同源基因在序列上的保守性,在基因上游的非编码区设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR技术, 从早竹笋中克隆到一个1 296 bp的cDNA序列,该序列包含1个编码349个氨基酸的阅读框,在氨基酸水平上与玉米TB1相似性达64.7%,定名为PpTB1.序列分析比对表明,PpTB1基因的编码产物含有保守的SP区、TCP区和R区,属于基因家族的1个成员.进化分析进一步表明,竹子TB1相似基因是玉米TB1基因的同源基因,且竹子TB1同源基因的分歧时间介于水稻和现有其他TB1同源基因之间.RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在笋、叶片和花中均有表达.原位杂交分析表明,PpTB1在笋的侧芽中表达较多.研究表明,PpTB1很可能与禾本科其他植物的TB1同源基因相似,在竹笋发育过程中,参与侧枝的形成.另外,TB1同源基因也可能在竹子分类和进化研究上有重要价值.     

STRAIN ELASTOGRAPHY USING DOBUTAMINE‐INDUCED CAROTID ARTERY PULSATION IN CANINE THYROID GLAND

Thyroid disease is common in dogs and conventional ultrasonography is a standard diagnostic test for diagnosis and treatment planning. Strain elastography can provide additional information about tissue stiffness noninvasively after applying external or internal compression. However, natural carotid artery pulsations in the canine thyroid gland are too weak to maintain sufficient internal compression force. The objective of the present study was to describe the feasibility of strain elastography for evaluating the canine thyroid gland and the repeatability of dobutamine‐induced carotid artery pulsation as an internal compression method. In seven healthy Beagle dogs, strain on each thyroid lobe was induced by external compression using the ultrasound probe and internal compression using carotid artery pulsation after dobutamine infusion. The thyroid appeared homogeneously green and the subcutaneous fat superficial to the thyroid lobe appeared blue. Strain values and strain ratios did not differ among dogs or between the left and right lobes. Interobserver repeatability was excellent for both compression methods. Intraobserver repeatability of the strain ratio measured using the carotid artery pulsation method (intraclass coefficient correlation = 0.933) was higher than that measured using the external compression method (0.760). Mean strain values of thyroid lobes for the external compression method (142.93 ± 6.67) differed from the internal method (147.31 ± 8.24; P < 0.05). Strain ratios between the two methods did not differ. Strain elastography was feasible for estimating thyroid stiffness in dogs. Carotid artery pulsation induced by dobutamine infusion can be used for canine thyroid strain elastography with excellent repeatability.     

Beef quality traits of heifer in comparison with steer,bull and cow at various feeding environments

The present review has been focused largely on the sex type differences in beef quality among heifers, cows, steers and bulls in various feeding environments. Genetic groups, feeding systems and gender are the major factors that change carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of cattle. Studies identified that heifer beef has super characteristics in eating quality and a better healthy composition in fatty acids than steer, cow and bull. Diet influences the variation of fatty acid profile; particularly the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) interacts with breed and sex. Animals finished in pasture systems were reported to show better ratios of PUFA/ saturated fatty acids and n‐6/n‐3. Carcasses of roughage‐fed beef are lighter and have less marbling and lower quality grades but have higher cutability than carcasses of grain‐fed bulls. Heifers and cows are reported to deposit more fat than steers and bulls. Among males, lower production of testosterone by steers favors more fat thickness compared with bulls. Marbling greatly varies among cattle belonging to different sexes, and particularly, females have genetic makeup that efficiently controls deposition. The current review identified that heifers can be a premium beef brand, while steer beef currently take a large part of market share across the world.