异色瓢虫成虫对豌豆修尾蚜的捕食作用

初步研究了异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis Pallas)的雌、雄成虫对豌豆修尾蚜(Megoura japonica Matsumura)的捕食作用,采用Holling-Ⅱ型方程功能反应模型对异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫捕食豌豆修尾蚜的效果进行拟合。结果表明,异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫的功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ模型。而在一定空间和相同比例猎物条件下,种内干扰会对异色瓢虫成虫捕食豌豆修尾蚜产生影响,此试验中干扰系数为1.09。     

不同处理方法对不同澳洲坚果品种嫁接试验研究

为了提高澳洲坚果育苗的成活率,确保种苗供应。对桂热1号、Hinde(H2)、Pahala(788)、O.C、344等5个澳洲坚果品种枝条分别采用环剥、萘乙酸、环剥+萘乙酸处理后进行嫁接试验。结果表明,环剥+萘乙酸处理5个澳洲坚果品种的平均嫁接成活率较对照提高了42.9%,新梢较对照多3.9条,新梢长度较对照长18 cm;环剥处理平均嫁接成活率较对照提高了33.6%,新梢较对照多3.3条,新梢长度较对照长14.16 cm;萘乙酸处理平均嫁接成活率较对照提高了24.6%,新梢较对照多2.5条,新梢长度较对照长3.92 cm。以环剥+萘乙酸处理嫁接效果最好。     

Infections Investigation of ALV and REV in Guangxi Local Poultry Breeds and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene of ALV Isolates

In order to investigate the infection status of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the major local breeds of Qinzhou,Guangxi,totally 953 samples of egg white,cloaca swab and serum of Ma duck,Shitou goose,Tiejiao-Ma chicken,turkey and pigeon were collected from the representing flocks and detected by the commercial ELISA kits.ALV was isolated for the ALV p27 positive samples by culturing on DF-1 cells,and gp85 gene was sequenced.The results showed that the detections of ALV were negative in the samples except those of Tiejiao-Ma chicken,while REV antibody was found positive in Ma duck,Tiejiao-Ma chicken and turkey.The nucleotide sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 94.5% identity with each other,and shared 86.9% to 94.9% with reference strains.The amino acid sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 91.5% identity with each other,and shared 84.0% to 91.6% with reference strains.There were many variable sites in the hyper variable region hr1 and hr2,and the vr2 and vr3 variable regions were relatively conservative.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the two isolates shared the highest homology with SCAU11-XG strain.     

Heavy Metals Residues in Soil,Feed and Beef of the Cattle Industry in Yili area of Xinjiang

In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations.     

新疆冬小麦品种萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质的筛选

【目的】研究不同类型盐胁迫对新疆冬小麦萌发期的影响,并进行耐盐性综合评价,为新疆小麦萌发期耐盐品种的评价和指标筛选提供理论依据。【方法】测定76份新疆冬小麦品种(系)在NaCl和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄两种不同盐胁迫条件下小麦根数、最长根长、苗高、胚芽鞘长度、发芽势、发芽率等6个性状,利用隶属函数法并通过聚类分析分别对两种盐胁迫条件下冬小麦品种(系)的耐盐性进行筛选,综合评价和筛选新疆冬小麦耐盐性。【结果】与对照处理相比,NaCl和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄两种盐胁迫对新疆冬小麦品种(系)各性状均有明显的抑制作用,其中NaCl单盐胁迫对各性状抑制作用比NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫抑制程度更大。通过NaCl单盐胁迫条件下聚类分析,新疆冬小麦品种(系)按耐盐性强弱可分为高耐型(6个/占供试材料的7.89%)、耐盐型(15个/19.74%)、中耐型(16个/21.05%)、敏感性(18个/23.68%)和高敏感型(21个/27.63%)等5类。NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫条件下聚类分析,新疆冬小麦品种(系)按耐盐性强弱也可分为高耐型(13个/占供试材料的17.11%)、耐盐型(10个/13.16%)、中耐型(16个/21.05%)、敏感性(26个/34.21%)和高敏感型(11个/14.47%)等5类。获得高耐NaCL单盐胁迫的品种(系)6份,占供试品种的7.89%;高耐NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫的品种(系)13份,占供试品种的17.11%。【结论】两种盐胁迫条件下,350 mol/L浓度对小麦种子的萌发有抑制作用,NaCl单盐胁迫和NaCl∶Na₂SO₄混合盐胁迫均为高耐型的品种3份,均是自育品种和引进品种分别为石冬8号、洛夫林10号和新冬7号。     

农田排水暗管系统施工方法和装备研究现状与展望

农田排水具有防涝、控水和排盐等多重功能，其中暗管排水是当今最有效的大面积农田排水解决方案。暗管系统的施工从完全人工安装、人工结合机械安装，发展到全机械化安装，实现了基于激光/卫星定位系统的坡降和高程（埋深）控制，作业质量和效率显著提高。然而，暗管排水技术专业性强，施工装备复杂，系统实施难度大、一次性投资高。因此，在施工过程中必须结合生产实际选用最宜技术和装备，进一步完善施工规范，积极探索和开发新工法、新材料和新装备，提高施工装备作业能力、效率和质量，依靠技术创新不断降低工程造价和投资风险，提高技术可接受性。此外，还需加强技术培训与国际合作，广泛汲取国际先进经验和教训，将我国暗管排水技术应用提升到世界先进水平，大规模提升我国盐渍和涝渍化土地质量，逆转或恢复日益恶化的盐碱土地生态环境，确保农林产业可持续发展。      

花椰菜主要性状遗传规律以及性状相关性分析

总结了花椰菜的单球质量、成熟期、株高株展、花球品质等主要性状的遗传规律以及性状之间的相关性,并得出结论:花椰菜主要性状遗传规律以及性状相关性研究对育种研究具有重要指导意义,但必须注重与田间调查相结合,只有将遗传规律与田间调查有机结合才能提高育种效率,提高育种水平。     

叶面喷施不同浓度ALA对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响

为了探讨叶面喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)在黄瓜苗期的施用浓度和效果,以黄瓜品种津春4号3叶1心期的幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度ALA对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶系统的影响。试验结果表明,叶面喷施10、30、50 mg/L的ALA可明显提高黄瓜叶片叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量,降低Chl a/b比值;显著增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量;降低超氧阴离子(O2-·)生成速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;当ALA浓度达100 mg/L时,黄瓜幼苗受到一定的氧化胁迫伤害。这些结果说明,喷施浓度不超过100 mg/L ALA可促进黄瓜幼苗叶片光合色素的合成、增加其抗氧化能力,降低膜脂过氧化的程度,综合各项指标,以30 mg/L的ALA叶面喷施浓度在黄瓜幼苗上效果最佳。