Agronomic performance of late-season rice under different tillage,straw, and nitrogen management

In double rice-cropping system in China, zero tillage in late-season rice with straw return from early season rice is an emerging technology for saving inputs, shortening the lag time between rice crops, avoiding straw burning, and conserving natural resources. The objective of this 2-year field study was to determine the effects of tillage and straw return on N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency of late-season rice. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four combinations of tillage and straw return as main plots and three N management practices as subplots. Tillage was either conventional soil puddling or zero tillage with newly harvested crop residue from early season rice either removed or placed on the soil surface without incorporation. The N treatments were zero-N control, site-specific N management (SSNM), and farmers’ N-fertilizer practice (FFP). Straw return regardless of tillage or N management did not reduce rice yield. In the second year, straw return significantly increased grain yield in the zero-N control. Chlorophyll meter readings at heading and total N uptake at maturity were higher with straw return in the zero-N control, suggesting that straw provides nutrients to rice in the late growing period. Zero tillage did not reduce N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency compared with conventional tillage. Despite large differences in timing and rate of N application between FFP and SSNM, these two N treatments resulted in comparable N uptake and grain yield of late-season rice regardless of tillage and straw return. These results suggest that zero tillage after early rice with straw return could replace conventional tillage for late rice in the double rice-cropping system in China.     

Two-dimensional Electrophoresis Analysis of Proteins in Response to Cold Stress in Extremely Cold-resistant Winter Wheat Dongnongdongmai 1 Tillering Nodes

The overwintering survival ratio of the cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 with strong cold-resistance in paramos of Heilongjiang Province in China are over 85%. The tillering nodes are the most important organs for overwintering survival of winter wheat, because there are more substances associated with cold resistance in tillering nodes than those in leaves and roots. Proteins in the tillering nodes of the cold-resistant cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 grown under field conditions with or without any low-temperature stress were analyzed by 2–dimensional electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. In the range of pH 4–7, the expression of 37 proteins showed obvious difference (±more than two fold) in the proteomic maps of cold-stressed and non-stressed tillering nodes, including a new protein spot. All proteins exhibiting the difference in expression were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, followed by a database search for protein identification and function prediction. Five groups of proteins were confirmed, namely stress-related proteins (22%), metabolism-associated proteins (35%), and signaling molecules (24%), cell wall-binding proteins (5%), unclear proteins (14%). This indicated that tillering node cells supported the energy requirements of plant growth and stress resistance by signal transduction adapting to metabolism and structure.     

高速公路恢复中线的坐标放线法

高速公路施工过程中。中线恢复至关重要。本文介绍了一种与传统方法相比具有快速、准确、方便,而且不易受障碍物影响、无丈量累积误差的坐标放线法。并重点阐述了坐标放线法的原理。坐标计算的方法及发展前景。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)单克隆抗体研制

 目前,甜菜丛根病(Rhizomania)已成为世界范围内危害甜菜生产的问题。     

新兽药喹烯酮亚慢性经口毒性研究

研究了新兽药喹烯酮对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用.SD大鼠连续6个月经口染毒,剂量分别为32.8、164、820 mg/(kg bw·d),观察染毒期间大鼠一般情况、体重和进食量,于染毒第3和第6个月进行血常规和生化指标检测,取染毒第6个月大鼠的尿分析尿常规指标;染毒结束时处死全部实验动物,计算脏器系数,进行组织病理检查并分析喹烯酮对脏器的损害情况.研究结果表明,820 mg/(kg bw·d)剂量组雄、雌性动物分别有2、3只死亡,且动物的体重明显低于对照组,脑、肺、肝、脾等主要脏器的脏器系数及雄性动物总蛋白、白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组,病理组织学检查发现肝胆管增生;164 mg/(kg bw·d)剂量组雄性大鼠肝、脾、睾丸和雌性大鼠脑、心、肝脏的脏器系数显著高于对照组.因此,新兽药喹烯酮对大鼠的最大无作用剂量为32.8 mg/(kg bw·d).     

2005年前3季度国内外牛羊肉市场综述

1牛羊生产稳步快速发展,养殖效益稳定我国肉牛肉羊生产稳步快速发展,养殖效益稳定。据行业统计,2005年前3季度牛存栏14326.37万头,同比增长2.26%;出栏3948.55万头,同比增长6.82%;牛肉产量526.24万t,同比增长6.9%。羊存栏38139.68万只,同比增长3.39%;出栏21451.20万只,同比增长3     

应用PCR检测猪圆环病毒2型和猪繁殖呼吸综合征混合感染

猪圆环病毒病自1991年加拿大首次报道以来，包括我国在内的世界上许多国家和地区都报道有该病发生。近年来，该病发生呈上升趋势，给世界的养猪业造成了相当大的经济损失。目前猪圆环病毒在猪场中的感染率是很高的，它主要侵害断奶后2-3周的仔猪，发病率为20％。60％，死亡率为5％-35％。已成为阻碍当今养猪业发展的重要病原之一。     

完善动物免疫标识制度规范动物强制免疫工作

《动物免疫标识管理办法》由农业部于2002年7月1日颁布实施。我市自实行猪、牛、羊免疫标识制度以来．防疫工作取得了明显成效．进一步加强和规范了动物强制免疫工作。有效控制了重大动物疫病．促进了我市无疫区项目的规范建设和成果巩固。     

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒的检测和防治

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒病(potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd)是一种严重为害马铃薯生产的病害,降低产量20%—30%。防治的主要措施是应用无类病毒的种薯。由于目前还没有脱掉类病毒的有效措施,只能从未被饱和侵染的群体中鉴定筛选出未被侵染的个体,再脱掉其它病毒,作为核心繁殖材料。1987年以来,利用自制的电泳设备,以往复聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,R-PAGE)检测类病毒,筛选出未感病的个体,再用茎尖组织培养法脱掉其它病毒。经用马铃薯卷叶病毒等8种病毒酶标抗体鉴定筛选,获得既无类病毒也无主要马铃薯病毒的克新1、2、3和4号等主栽马铃薯品种的核心种。并已提供给省内外的良种场繁殖推广。1989和1990年抽样检测克山良种场繁殖的原种、一级和二级良种,未检测到类病毒。     

中国花生网斑病研究

花生网斑病是我国花生上新发生的一种叶部病害，近年来蔓延迅速，为害严重，经１９８３－１９９２年历时１０年的系统研究，摸清了该病症状、发生和为害规律、分布特点；明确该病的发生与主要发病因子的关联性；于国内首次明确了该病原菌的分类地位；摸清了病害发生程度与花生荚果产量损失率之间的函数关系，找出了受害较敏感的花生物候期，建立了防治经济阈值模型；筛选出目前最好的杀菌剂、生物制剂和物理保护剂以及较抗病的花生品