港珠澳跨海大桥收费模式研究

由于港珠澳跨海大桥联通三个不同体制的区域，故大桥的合理收费管理模式对大桥的建设有较大影响。本文着重研究了拟建的港珠澳跨海大桥收费模式的基本特征，包括大桥的收费制式、收费方式和收费广场设置情况，为大桥建成后能够顺利运营收费提供了科学的方法。     

松树Pt菌剂育苗菌根化研究*

分别用Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｔｉｎｃｔｏｒｉｕｓ（Ｐｔ）菌根真菌重分离与母菌株培养物的比较及菌根子实体鉴定等方法，确证Ｐｔ菌剂人工接种的成功；并用照片描述形成Ｐｔ菌根的外部形态和解剖结构；发现典型外生菌根真菌──ｐｔ在苗圃人工接种条件下，可与松苗形成内外生菌根。结合生产大田应用试验，证明中国林业科学研究院林木菌根研究开发中心研制的Ｐｔ菌根剂具有明显的菌根化效果，和促进苗木生长、提高生物产量的作用。所试４种松树菌根化率均为１００％，Ｐｔ指数在８４以上，提高合格苗产量１４．６％以上，平均苗高、地径、干物重、侧根数和根系总长分别增加２８．１％～７１．４％、２２．８％～４９．２％、６６．７％～４５７．１％、１２８．０％～２００．０％和８２．４％～１０１．０％。     

金佛山方竹和毛金竹单个繁殖体的种群扩散效应

竹类植物种群扩散效应是生态学界关注的热点之一。本文在黔中地区,采用单一繁殖体同地种植方法,持续10年观察了金佛山方竹和毛金竹的种群扩散效应,对比了二者的差异性。结果表明,随着栽植时间的增长,2个竹种的繁殖生长呈现如下变化：1)年出笋日数及出笋最远距离逐年增加,毛金竹的相应值较高,竹种间出笋日数的年分布曲线差异极显著;2)年出笋量、竹笋平均地径及最大地径逐年增加,竹笋密度呈“快速增加—快速降低—平缓稳定”变化态势,除金佛山方竹的竹笋密度较高外、毛金竹的其他指标较高,竹种间出笋量及竹笋密度的年分布曲线差异极显著;3)年新竹数量、平均地径、竹高及胸径处节间长度、以及竹鞭粗度和竹秆基部第1节环竹根数量值逐年增加,成竹率呈“缓慢降低—平缓稳定”变化态势,新竹密度呈“快速增加—快速降低—平缓稳定”变化态势,除金佛山方竹的新竹密度较高外,毛金竹的其他指标较高,竹种间成竹率差异显著、胸径处节间长度及竹秆基部第1节环竹根数量值差异极显著,新竹数量及密度、平均高度及胸径处节间长度、成竹率及竹秆基部根数量的年分布曲线差异极显著;4)平均竹笋质量和出笋时间的负相关极显著,相应值的种间差异显著,毛金竹平均竹笋质量较高。总体而言,毛金竹的种群扩散效应优于金佛山方竹。     

日本森林疗养研究概况及其启示

在对日本森林疗养文献查询与阅读的基础上,通过对相关文献的分析,将日本森林疗养研究分为森林疗养效益实证研究、森林疗养基地研究及自然体验活动研究三个方面内容进行阐述,并将日本森林疗养的概念、研究内容与我国的森林康养进行比较,最后对中国森林康养产业发展做出展望。     

云冷杉天然次生林种子雨时空分布特征

以东北云冷杉天然次生林为对象,在吉林省汪清林业局,设立面积为1 hm2(100 m×100 m)的样地12块,在每个样地安装面积为0.64 m2(0.8 m×0.8 m)的种子收集器5个.自2018年7月末开始收集种子,每月收集1次,至11月末结束.在实验室将收集的种子分成完整种子、干瘪或霉烂种子、被取食种子3类,分析种子雨时空分布特征.结果表明:整个种子雨阶段,共收集177561粒种子,平均种子雨密度为1257.42粒·m-2.完整种子占种子雨总量的比例较高(99.43％),其中水曲柳种子完整率为98.20％,高于其他树种;冷杉种子完整率为89.79％;未收集到鱼鳞云杉种子.研究区大部分树种种子在10月份达到成熟高峰,整个群落及各树种种子雨在不同时间均表现出显著差异(P<0.05).种子空间变异系数为1.35,水曲柳变异系数最大(7.02).该地区种子雨产量丰富、种子完整度高、天然更新潜力大、种子空间变异程度大、种子分布不均匀.     

开花麻竹叶绿素荧光参数测定

叶绿素荧光是研究光合作用的有效探针。为了探讨开花对麻竹光合作用的影响,应用PAM-100分别测定了开花与未开化麻竹的叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,随着光强的升高[0~2 000μmol/（m^2·s）],在开始阶段[0~200μmol/（m^2·s）]麻竹叶片的NPQ、Y（NPQ）、Y（ND）、ETR（Ⅱ）和ETR（Ⅰ）均迅速升高,Y（Ⅱ）和Y（Ⅰ）却迅速下降,之后变化缓慢并趋于平稳,而Y（NA）和Y（NO）几乎一直维持平稳;其中未开花麻竹的NPQ、Y（Ⅰ）和ETR（Ⅰ）均高于开花麻竹,Y（Ⅱ）、Fv/Fm和ETR（Ⅱ）无明显差异。在本实验培养光照下[230μmol/（m2·s）],未开花麻竹的NPQ、Y（Ⅰ）和ETR（Ⅰ）也均高于开花麻竹。由此表明,开花引起麻竹PSⅠ的Y（Ⅰ）和ETR（Ⅰ）以及PSⅡ的NPQ降低,这意味着开花麻竹的光保护能力下降,使得PSⅠ受体侧电子积累,导致光合效率下降。     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

江苏部分地区猪圆环病毒2型的分子流行病学检测

根据猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）基因序列,设计1对特异性PCV2的鉴定引物,利用PCR方法对65份疑似PCV2感染的病料进行检测。PCR检测为阳性的病料经处理后,接种无PCV污染的Dulac细胞进行间接免疫荧光检测。对各分离毒株的全基因组进行PCR扩增、测序和基因型分析。结果表明：共分离鉴定21株PCV2,均属2b基因型,其中有16株为1C群,5株为1A/1B群。研究显示PCV2b 1C群已在江苏成为流行毒株。     

贻贝采卵试验报告

为了探讨贻贝人工育苗的规模、数量、茬次等问题，本文对采卵的规律进行了研究。通过在不同季节和时期用变温刺激法来诱导排卵试验，认为在春季应用升温为主的常规综合刺激法，其排卵宁可达到60%以上；在秋季应以降温为主的变温刺激法，排卵率可达到40-60%。此外，文中对不同年龄的亲贝所排放生殖细胞的雌雄比例和采卵量等问题进行了讨论。     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.