麦蚜对吡虫啉的敏感性及吡虫啉有效用量的评价

室内测定结果表明 ,禾谷缢管蚜对吡虫啉的敏感性比麦长管蚜高 ,其LC₅₀之比为1∶3左右。田间试验结果明确 ,吡虫啉持效性好 ,其持效期与吡虫啉用量和麦蚜种类有关。小麦穗蚜发生始盛期是吡虫啉防治麦蚜的最佳时期 ,防治禾谷缢管蚜最佳有效用药量为1g/667m²,麦长管蚜为2g/667m²。     

南疆棉田十一星瓢虫对棉蚜的生态控制

通过对南疆尉犁县两处棉田,4个品种十一星瓢虫的种群动态、人工诱集和棉蚜防治效果测试观察,发现:在南疆不同品种的棉田中,十一星瓢虫是棉田棉蚜的主要天敌,约占棉田瓢虫总数的80%左右;十一星瓢虫与棉蚜种群数量呈显著的跟随关系,发生期比棉蚜滞后1周左右。人工诱集十一星瓢虫的数量与诱集箱放置的位置和箱内的诱集物有关。放置在棉田周围林带中的诱集箱诱集的十一星瓢虫数量最多,其次是棉田埂箱,棉田内诱集的数量最少;诱集箱放入蜂蜜和花粉蜜诱集的十一星瓢虫数量最多,放入花粉诱集的十一星瓢虫数量次之,不放任何诱集物诱集的十一星瓢虫数量最少。越冬后的十一星瓢虫早期释放到棉田中心蚜株上可以有效防治蚜虫危害,中心蚜株株高比未释放瓢虫处理的增高59.5%,果枝数增加20.3%、蕾数增加100%、铃数增加81.4%,单株产量增加81.1%。     

Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach

Stapanian MA, Witzel LD, Cook A. Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 326–337. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA Abstract – World‐wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993–2001 but declined during 2002–2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion to evaluate 129 linear regression models that included all combinations of one to seven ecological indices as predictors of burbot recruitment. Two models were substantially supported by the data: (i) the number of days in which water temperatures were within optimal ranges for burbot spawning and development combined with biomass of yearling and older (YAO) yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill); and (ii) biomass of YAO yellow perch. Warmer winter water temperatures and increases in yellow perch biomass were associated with decreases in burbot recruitment. Continued warm winter water temperatures could result in declines in burbot recruitment, particularly in the southern part of the species’ range.     

Effects of intensive fishing on the perch population in a large oligotrophic lake in eastern Finland

The perch population in Lake Höytiäinen was intensively fished to reduce the density of the population and hence also the predation pressure by perch on vendace larvae. A hypothesis suggests that this predation can prevent recovery of commercially important vendace stock from a state of low-density. In the 1990s the density of the perch population in Lake Höytiäinen has increased, while the vendace stock has been sparse. Intensive fishing was conducted by professional fishermen with a paired bottom trawl, seine net, hoop net and small fish traps and by recreational fishermen with small fish traps. The size of perch population during the intensive fishing period was studied by test fishing with multi-mesh gillnets and the Leslie method in which trawl YPUE was regressed on the cumulative yield. The results suggest that the population size clearly diminished in the area where the fishing pressure was strongest. YPUE of test fishing decreased ca. 30% whereas the Leslie method gave almost a decrease twice as large as that of the former. Mean weight of perch increased in the trawl and test fishing catches during the intensive fishing period. The most effective fishing gear was trawl (62% of the total yield), but importance of trap net fishing by recreational fishermen was also high as they caught 22% of the total yield.     

紫外线系统净化文蛤中大肠杆菌的研究

文蛤经人工方法使其体内积累埃希氏大肠杆菌达到5个对数值后,放入小型紫外线循环净化系统中,通过正交试验来研究各种环境因子对文蛤自身净化能力的影响。经36 h净化处理后,贝肉中埃希氏大肠杆菌减小约3个对数值。方差分析结果表明,影响文蛤净化效果的因子依次为水交换率、贝水比和温度;最佳的净化条件为:换水率3次/h、贝水比为1∶4、温度15℃。文蛤的净化生产证明,这些净化条件是合适的。     

不同类型林分青杨虎天牛发生状况研究

通过调查分析,得到青杨虎天牛在各种杨树及其它阔叶树种的纯林、混交林以及不同类型林分、、树干不同部位的发生状况,选择出相对抗青杨虎天牛及易受青杨虎天牛危害的杨树品种及其它阔叶树种,为利用生态方法控制青杨虎天牛的传播和蔓延提供了科学依据。     

Rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.

The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg^–1 h^–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1, respectively.     

“红肉病”文蛤的组织病理学

利用组织学和组织化学方法,在光镜水平下研究了患“红肉病”文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)的组织病理学变化特征。结果显示,患病文蛤的病理学变化主要表现为组织结构紊乱,上皮膨大、脱落,鳃、外套膜、消化盲囊等组织发现异常结构及寄生物,如嗜碱性的包涵体、嗜酸性颗粒及寄生性原生动物等。另外,组织化学研究结果显示,病蛤在糖含量、磷酸酶活性等方面也有明显变化,表现为消化盲囊、肠等部位吸收细胞内糖含量增加。消化盲囊、消化管各处酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性减弱,碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP)增强。鳃组织ACP活性增强,AKP活性减弱等。     

Aeromonas sobria, a causative agent of disease in farmed perch, Perca fluviatilis L

Significant numbers of perch, Perca fluviatilis, raised on a pilot fish farm in Switzerland presented focal skin lesions on the lateral sides and fin rot. Mortality rates reached levels of up to 1% of the total fish on the farm per day. Virtually pure cultures of Aeromonas sobria were isolated from the liver, kidney, spleen and skin lesions of affected fish. Aeromonas sobria isolated from the farmed perch had a haemolytic effect on sheep and trout erythrocytes, autoaggregated, was cytotoxic for cultured fish cells and possessed genes involved in type III protein secretion. Experimental infection of naive perch with a single colony isolate of A. sobria from an affected farm fish resulted in the development of clinical signs identical to those seen on the farm. The results indicate that A. sobria can act as a primary pathogen of perch.