基于控制区序列分析河鲈遗传多样性

河鲈为我区优质经济鱼类之一,在我国仅分布于新疆阿勒泰地区。为更好的保护和合理开发利用这一有限资源,我们基于mtDNA控制区序列对额尔齐斯河-乌伦古河水系的5个野生群体进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究。PCR-SSCP标记结果显示,18个单倍型分布于5个群体的100个个体中。对这18个单倍型个体的mtDNA控制区序列克隆和测序,最终确定13个单倍型,检测到14个变异位点,占分析序列的1.60%。河鲈总种群表现高的单倍型多样度（0.942±0.034）和偏低的核苷酸多样度（0.00242±0.00450）。Tajima’s D和Fuand Li’s D指数的估算结果显示,河鲈5个群体遗传分化不显著（P〉0.1）,具有较稳定的种群结构。YBW,BEJH和LSW群体间存在着一定的基因流（Nm〉1）,WLGH群体与其他群体间的基因流水平低（Nm〉0.6）,存在着由于遗传漂变而产生分化的危险。5个群体间的单倍型序列差异为0.003,说明单倍型间未出现分化。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Perca fluviatilis Based on MtDNA Control Region Sequences

Perca fluviatilis is a kind of high-quality commercial fish which distributes only in Aletai district of Xinjiang in China.To protect and develop this limited resources rationally,genetic diversity and genetic structure of five wild populations of P.fluviatilis from Irtysh-Wulungu river system were investigated based on mtDNA control region sequences.The results of PCR-SSCP analysis indicated that there were 18 haplotypes distributed in five populations of 100 individuals.After these haplotypes were cloned and sequenced,thirteen haplotypes were identified,fourteen variable sites were detected which accout for 1.60% of total sequence.The P.fluviatilis populations showed a high haplotype diversity（0.942±0.034） and a relatively lower nucleotide diversity（0.00242±0.00450）.Tajima’s and Fu and Li’s D index showed that genetic differentiation among P.fluviatilis populations was not significant（P〉0.1）,population structure of P.fluviatilis was stable.There was a gene flow among YBW,BEJH and LSW populations to some extent（Nm〉1）,while the level of gene flow between WLGH population and other populations was low,there was a risk of differentiation due to genetic drift.Sequence difference of five populations was 0.003 which revealed a low level genetic diversity.