利用血液蛋白及酶多态性分析技术鉴定山羊亲缘关系的研究

选择血红蛋白(Hb)、运铁蛋白(Tf)、亮氨酸胺肽酶(LAP)、前白蛋白3(Pa3)、淀粉酶(Amy)对可能为同卵双生波尔山羊的亲缘关系鉴定。结果发现，除淀粉酶(Amy)和亮氨酸胺肽酶(Lap)外，其余位点均有多态性。由蛋白位点的基因型判定羔1、羔2基因型完全一致，是供体后代的概率为75G，受体后代的概率为22．8％，从而确认羔1、羔2的双亲为供体公羊和供体母羊。     

山羊胚胎分割及同卵双生试验

选择山羊晚期桑椹胚、囊胚、孵出囊胚和孵出增大胚泡,用简化分割法二分。将19对裸半胚移植于18只受体羊,结果有12只妊娠,其中两只胚胎消失,两只流产,其余8只足月分娩,共产半胚羔11只。晚期桑椹胚、囊胚、孵出囊胚和孵出增大胚泡各组的半胚发育为羔羊的发育率分别为12.5％(1/8)、20％(2/10)、25％(3/12)和62.5％(5/8)。前三组均未获得同卵双生羔羊。在第四组,将4对裸半胚移植于4只受体,有3只妊娠,足月分娩半胚羔5只,其中两对为同卵双生。本研究证明,对称分割山羊孵出增大胚泡,不仅其半胚在体内仍可继续发育形成正常胎儿,而且不装透明带移植其裸半胚,仍能获得较高的同卵双生率。山羊孵出增大胚泡更适宜用简化分割法分割。     

Generalized marker regression and interval QTL mapping methods for binary traits in half-sib family designs

A Generalized Marker Regression Mapping (GMR) approach was developed for mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) affecting binary polygenic traits in a single-family half-sib design. The GMR is based on threshold-liability model theory and regression of offspring phenotype on expected marker genotypes at flanking marker loci. Using simulation, statistical power and bias of QTL mapping for binary traits by GMR was compared with full QTL interval mapping based on a threshold model (GIM) and with a linear marker regression mapping method (LMR). Empirical significance threshold values, power and estimates of QTL location and effect were identical for GIM and GMR when QTL mapping was restricted to within the marker interval. These results show that the theory of the marker regression method for QTL mapping is also applicable to binary traits and possibly for traits with other non-normal distributions. The linear and threshold models based on marker regression (LMR and GMR) also resulted in similar estimates and power for large progeny group sizes, indicating that LMR can be used for binary data for balanced designs with large families, as this method is computationally simpler than GMR. GMR may have a greater potential than LMR for QTL mapping for binary traits in complex situations such as QTL mapping with complex pedigrees, random models and models with interactions.     

梅花鹿的同期发情技术

于2000年9月9日，在吉林松花湖鹿场对30头东北梅花鹿分两试验群进行了同期发情试验，两试验群分别采用不同的试验药物进行处理，第一试验群（共14头）采用了18甲基炔诺酮埋植并配合PMSG、HCG和些二醇的处理方法，其中18甲基炔诺酮采用了高（80mg/头）和低（60mg/头）两剂量进行了对比试验；第二试验群（共16头）采用了PG两次处理同时配合PMSG和HCG的处理方法，其中PG也采用高（600μg/头），低（500μg/头）两剂量进行对比试验，通过试验，第一试验群中；18甲基炔诺酮高，低两剂量组的同期发情率分别为57.14%和0,其中18甲基炔诺酮高剂量组的双仔率为42.86%，产仔时间也较上一年有明显的缩短，平均缩短天数为23d,第二试验群中；PG高，低两剂量组的第一情期同期发情率分别为25%和14.2%，PG低剂量组产仔时间也比上一年缩短了21d。本次试验的两试验群的受胎率均为100%，表明同期发情试验所用药物对受胎无不良影响。     

应用生物技术提高黄牛双犊率试验报告

本文通过对低剂量PMSG、FSH、AI ET鲜胚移植和冻胚移植的试验,得出应用三种激素试验结果。FSH试验组受胎率、双犊率分别比低剂量PMSG试验组提高4％和6．6％,比PMSG试验提高4％和8．6％。AI ET试验组双犊率高2％,比冻胚移植双犊率高8％。     

显微分割扩张孵化胚泡获同卵双生山羊羔

通过分割孵化囊胚之前不同发育阶段的胚胎,国外已分别在牛、绵羊、山羊、马、猪等家畜上取得同卵双生试验的成功。但国内至今尚无通过显微分割获得家畜同卵双生后代的实例。作者等于1986年10月至1987年5月进行了山羊胚胎分割和半胚移植试验,1987年4月18日和5月25日,两只受体孕羊各产1对同卵双生山羊羔,在国内首次获得家畜同卵双生后代。     

公猪肾脏胎儿的一例报告

在公猪肾脏内发现一个雄性胎儿。躯干长8.2厘米,相当于50至60天的正常猪胎儿。胎儿面部宽阔、平直,没有咀筒,口宽大,脑秃而圆,颈部细缩,后躯比前躯高,四脚均有五指(趾),尾很长。胎儿胎膜与公猪肾皮质直接接触,建立简单的胎盘联系,进行物质交换。其内部器官均与同龄正常猪胎儿相类似,经鉴定,确定为孪生寄生体。这种罕见的寄生现象,说明家畜胚胎在发育过程中与环境因素的相互作用是极为复杂的,它对家畜遗传繁育和未来的胚胎操纵提供了新的研究线索。     

农业元宇宙：关键技术、应用情景、挑战与展望

元宇宙这一新兴概念受到了产、学、研各界的广泛关注。农业与元宇宙的结合将极大地推动农业信息化和智能化发展,为农业智能化转型升级提供新动能。为深入分析元宇宙在农业领域的应用研究可行性,本文首先分析了农业元宇宙的概念,以及区块链、非同质化代币、5G/6G、人工智能、物联网、三维重建、云计算、边缘计算和扩展现实等元宇宙农业应用的关键技术。接着讨论了元宇宙在虚拟农场、农业教学系统和农产品追溯系统三个农业应用领域的主要情景,最后总结了农业元宇宙面临的系统建立、通信基础、硬件设备和运营等方面的主要挑战,并展望了未来的发展方向。本文可为元宇宙在农业的应用研究提供指导。     

Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic parameters for reproduction, growth and survival traits in crosses between the Moroccan D'man and Timahdite sheep breeds

Genetic breed differences, heterosis, recombination loss, and heritability for reproduction traits, lamb survival and growth traits to 90 days of age were estimated from crossing D'man and Timahdite Moroccan breeds. The crossbreeding parameters were fitted as covariates in the model of analysis. The REML method was used to estimate (co)variance components using an animal model. The first estimation of crossbreeding effects for Timahdite and D'man breeds shows that breed differences in litter traits are mainly of maternal genetic origin: +1.04 lambs, +1.88 kg, +0.60 lambs, and +2.23 kg in favour of D'man breed for litter size at lambing, litter weight at lambing, litter size at weaning, and litter weight at 90 days, respectively. The breed differences in lamb growth and survival are also of maternal genetic origin for the majority of traits studied, but in favour of the Timahdite breed: +3.48 kg, +45 g day⁻¹ and +0.19 lambs for weight at 90 days, for average daily gain between 30 and 90 days of age, and for lamb survival to 90 days, respectively. The D'man direct genetic effect was low and negative for survival and birth weight of lambs during the first month of life. All traits studied showed positive heterosis effects. Recombination loss effects were not significant. Therefore, crossbreeding of Timahdite with D'man breeds of sheep can result in an improved efficiency of production of saleable lambs. Heritability estimates were medium for litter size but low for the other reproduction traits. Direct heritabilities were low for body weights and lamb survival at 90 days and the corresponding maternal heritabilities showed, however, low to moderate estimates. For litter traits, the estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive and particularly high for genetic correlations.     

天然气计量检定智能化技术探索与展望

针对天然气检定过程流量精确调节及质量精密管控的实际问题,研发了一套适用于多气源工况条件的中高压天然气计量智能检定系统,打破了原检定过程工控与数据处理系统之间的通信障碍,将多系统数据与指令融合互联、实时交互,实现了检定设备的全智能控制。该系统建立了标准装置质量控制系统平台,通过风险预测实时评估标准装置偏差变化趋势及影响;拓展了流量仪表性能评价业务,通过建立多维度数学分析模型,对流量计进行全生命周期运行状况分析、评价;通过重构检定作业模式,实现数据中心操作站控系统远程全流程操作;探索采用防爆AGV运输车、防爆机械臂、定制视觉测量系统实现仪表的智能拆装。此外,从在线检定校准技术、计量技术智能化升级、计量科技产业化平台3方面对天然气计量检定智能化技术进行了展望。