格氏线虫表皮蛋白和分泌蛋白抑制昆虫免疫活性的比较

格氏线虫表皮蛋白和分泌蛋白都具有抑制昆虫免疫反应的能力,能够帮助侵染期线虫侵染寄主,但两者所含蛋白组分并不相同,从而导致蛋白活性也有所差异。本研究采用乙醇萃取和昆虫匀浆诱导,分别从侵染期的格氏线虫体表及分泌物中得到了表皮蛋白和分泌蛋白,并比较了这两者之间的异同。结果表明,无论是在昆虫体内还是体外,侵染期线虫表皮蛋白和分泌蛋白都具有抑制昆虫免疫反应的生物活性,并且分泌蛋白的活性更强。本研究为进一步研究线虫侵染与昆虫免疫间的相互关系和线虫抑制昆虫免疫反应的作用机理提供了科学佐证。     

用转轮内三元流动计算对泵叶轮进行改型设计

在有厚翼栅奇点解法的基础上，利用一种考虑叶片厚度影响的叶片式水力机械转轮内准三元流动新的分析方法、准确计算了泵叶轮叶片表面上的速度与压力变化分布规律，获得了许多水力性能评估参数；通过评价这些参数，对叶片型线进行了修改，获得了比较满意的结果。为叶轮的改型设计提供了一条较有价值的新途径。     

基于流式细胞术的桫椤基因组大小测定

以买麻藤(Gnetum montanum)为内参,测定5种常用裂解液(Tris·MgCl_2、LB01、WPB、Otto’s、Galbraith’s)对桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)细胞核的裂解效果,并通过比较桫椤和买麻藤流式细胞仪测定的荧光峰值,计算出桫椤的基因组大小。结果表明:5种裂解液中,WPB为桫椤最佳裂解液;桫椤基因组大小为6 003.25Mb,即2C DNA含量为6.138 pg。     

Transient hypoparathyroidism following successful treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy in a dog

A 4-year-old, entire female, English Cocker Spaniel was presented for treatment of lymphosarcoma and secondary hypercalcaemia. After induction chemotherapy the dog became severely hypocalcaemic and showed signs of weakness, muscle fasciculation and facial pruritus. Hormone analysis confirmed inadequate production of parathyroid hormone. Although hypocalcaemia has been previously reported as a component of tumour lysis syndrome, it has not been associated with transient parathyroid hormone deficiency.     

融合路面特征的大型喷雾机多工况悬架控制与试验

大型高地隙喷雾机的作业工况复杂,不同路况对悬架的性能要求不尽相同,传统悬架系统已无法满足喷雾机多工况作业的不同减振需求。为有效提高大型喷雾机各工况下的减振性能并有效降低能耗,提出了一种基于路况识别的多工况主动悬架控制系统。首先,分析喷雾机典型作业工况,建立路面特征与悬架模型的映射关系;然后,搭建喷雾机油气悬架的上下层控制系统,采用变步长萤火虫算法优化控制系统中各工况下的阻尼系数;最终将搭载该控制算法的喷雾机进行田间动态性能试验。试验结果表明,相比传统悬架,主动悬架在水泥及田间路面的行驶平顺性分别提升11.0%和22.8%,操控稳定性分别提升24.5%和3.4%。本研究所提出的控制系统可以有效解决不同工况下驾驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的矛盾关系,满足喷雾机各工况的特定减振需求。     

Is the decline of soil microbial biomass in late winter coupled to changes in the physical state of cold soils?

During winter when the active layer of Arctic and alpine soils is below 0 °C, soil microbes are alive but metabolizing slowly, presumably in contact with unfrozen water. This unfrozen water is at the same negative chemical potential as the ice. While both the hydrostatic and the osmotic components of the chemical potential will contribute to this negative value, we argue that the osmotic component (osmotic potential) is the significant contributor. Hence, the soil microorganisms need to be at least halotolerant and psychrotolerant to survive in seasonally frozen soils. The low osmotic potential of unfrozen soil water will lead to the withdrawal of cell water, unless balanced by accumulation of compatible solutes. Many microbes appear to survive this dehydration, since microbial biomass in some situations is high, and rising, in winter. In late winter however, before the soil temperature rises above zero, there can be a considerable decline in soil microbial biomass due to the loss of compatible solutes from viable cells or to cell rupture. This decline may be caused by changes in the physical state of the system, specifically by sudden fluxes of melt water down channels in frozen soil, rapidly raising the chemical potential. The dehydrated cells may be unable to accommodate a rapid rise in osmotic potential so that cell membranes rupture and cells lyse. The exhaustion of soluble substrates released from senescing plant and microbial tissues in autumn and winter may also limit microbial growth, while in addition the rising temperatures may terminate a winter bloom of psychrophiles.Climate change is predicted to cause a decline in plant production in these northern soils, due to summer drought and to an increase in freeze-thaw cycles. Both of these may be expected to reduce soil microbial biomass in late winter. After lysis of microbial cells this biomass provides nutrients for plant growth in early spring. These feedbacks, in turn, could affect herbivory and production at higher trophic levels.     

地中海弧菌Vibrio mediterranei 117-T6的溶藻活性

很多藻类致病菌具有广谱溶藻活性。本研究发现紫菜黄斑病致病菌地中海弧菌Vibrio mediterranei 117-T6（Vm 117-T6）对赤潮异湾藻、颗石藻、叉编金藻和东海原甲藻等微藻也具有较强的溶藻活性，可使其叶绿素含量显著降低，是一株广谱性溶藻细菌。Vm 117-T6能在40 min内使赤潮异弯藻的活动能力下降，光合作用受抑，感染120 min即可导致藻体裂解并产生白色絮状沉淀。Vm 117-T6能降解卡拉胶，不能降解果胶、纤维素和几丁质。菌体、胞内及胞外提取物均具有较强的溶藻活性，其胞外溶藻物质易溶于水、不溶于石油醚和乙酸乙酯，具较强极性；耐高温、不易被活性炭吸附、乙醇处理会降低溶藻活性。Vm 117-T6在常规与易感条件下的关键差异蛋白包括大量的ABC转运蛋白、外膜蛋白、鞭毛蛋白及少量Toxin。这些研究结果提示Vm 117-T6毒力效应物中含有极性非蛋白质类物质，且与毒力因子转运、分泌以及细胞黏附相关的蛋白可能在其毒力作用中发挥重要作用。上述研究结果表明：多种溶藻机制参与了Vm 117-T6的溶藻过程。     

Influence of saponin plants on the volatile fraction of thyme in herbal teas

Combinations of thyme, cowslip and liquorice roots are often used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Therefore the volatile fraction of herbal teas prepared from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and the effect of combining with cowslip (Primula veris/P. elatior) and liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on the volatiles were analyzed. Volatile compounds were isolated by hydrodistillation and solid phase extraction and analyzed by GC-MS. Thymol was also quantified by HPLC. The total amount of volatiles as well the thymol content was decreased with increasing proportions of cowslip or liquorice in the infusion extracts whereas the proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased.     

连续热裂解法大规模提取质粒DNA

选择质粒保有率高及最适合发酵的TOP10菌株,在传统的煮沸裂解法提取质粒的基础上进行了提取方法的改进,使用恒流泵和热交换螺旋管,使菌体在流动过程中完成热裂解,释放质粒DNA。改进后的方法裂解温度可降到70",提取工艺流程简单,缩短了提取时间,提高了质粒DNA的提取效率。利用本方法提取的质粒大小正确、纯度合格,每升发酵液得率平均为100mg质粒DNA。     

坡面流水动力学特性研究

采用变坡水槽研究了坡面流水动力学参数 (流态、流速、水深及阻力系数 )随流量和坡度的变化规律。结果表明 ,坡面流流态与水深密切相关 ,当水流深度小于 0 .316 cm时 ,坡面流呈过渡流 ,水深大于 0 .316 cm时呈紊流流态 ;当坡度为 5～ 2 5°、单宽流量为 0 .6 2 5～ 12 .5× 10 - 3m3/(s· m)时 ,坡面流平均流速和平均水深主要受流量控制 ,坡度的影响并不显著 ,可用简单的线性函数来模拟平均流速、水深与流量和坡度间的关系 (r2分别为 0 .89,0 .78) ;当流量小于 0 .0 0 2 m3/s时 ,坡度对阻力系数的影响较为显著 ,当流量大于 0 .0 0 2 m3/s时 ,阻力系数基本受流量控制 ,随着流量增大 ,阻力系数呈幂函数形式下降。这说明坡面流的水动力学特性与明渠水流存在较大差异 ,在坡面水蚀机理分析、土壤侵蚀物理模型的构造过程中应予以充分考虑。