福建中、东部养殖贝类质量状况调查

2003～2005年对福建中、东部沿海的主要贝类养殖区养殖贝类进行质量抽检,品种包括菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、牡蛎、贻贝及缢蛏,检测项目为汞、铅、砷、镉、石油烃等,并对检测结果进行分析讨论,结果表明大部分贝类产品卫生质量状况良好。     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.     

大连地区贝类中重金属铅和镉对人体健康的潜在风险评价

对大连地区5种常见贝类及其生长环境海水养殖用水重金属铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）的含量状况进行了研究调查,评价该地区贝类重金属污染情况及人类食用潜在健康风险,并为合理控制该地区重金属污染提供科学依据。结果显示重金属含量均符合相应标准。重金属污染指数评价结果表明,虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、牡蛎中含量属于轻污染水平,菲律宾蛤仔、贻贝含量尚处于正常浓度值范围。各贝类对Pb、Cd的富集能力大小顺序为：栉孔扇贝＞虾夷扇贝＞牡蛎＞贻贝＞菲律宾蛤仔。危害商数＜1,不具有潜在的健康风险,可以放心食用。     

广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为探讨广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,分析其结构特征在沉浮网间的差异性,在该水库设置3个采样点采用多网目刺网对鱼类进行了调查。结果显示,共采集到鱼类17种,隶属4目、6科,物种数以鲤形目为主（占58.82%）。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示,优势种为海南似鱎（IRI占比29.66%）、?（18.98%）、尼罗非鲫（18.46%）、鲢（14.85%）和莫桑比克非鲫（11.36%）,其中单位努力捕捞数量（NPUE）以海南似鱎（45.72%）占优、单位努力捕捞重量（BPUE）以尼罗非鲫（34.60%）为主。聚类分析表明,鱼类物种组成在季节间无显著差异,物种数、NPUE和BPUE亦无季节变化（P>0.05）。鱼类群落物种数、NPUE和BPUE沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）,但鱼类数量组成沉浮网间存在显著差异（P<0.001）,与海南似鱎有关,其NPUE浮网显著高于沉网（P<0.05）,其他5种主要鱼类沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）。透明度、pH和总磷是影响鱼类物种数量时空分布的关键环境因子。研究表明,松木山水库鱼类多样性低,可能与水面积较小、连通性低、外来种入侵及入库河道以人工排渠为主有关,为科学合理评估鱼类数量组成建议水库鱼类调查需要同时使用沉浮网。     

Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) occurring in Korean coastal waters

ABSTRACT:   Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by Alexandrium isolates from Korea were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromography. Species designation of the regional isolates was determined by morphological criteria and ribotyping inferred from sequences of the 28S rDNA D1-D2 region. Toxin analysis performed at the exponential growth phase, revealed that the two strains of A. fraterculus were non-toxic, while the strains of A. tamarense and A. catenella were toxic. Toxic isolates DPC7 and DPC8 of A. catenella produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dcGTX2, 3, C1, 2, neoSTX and STX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3 and C4, while isolates UL7, KDW981, SJW97043, SJW97046, KJC97111 and KJC97112 of A. tamarense produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, dcGTX3, C1, 2, neoSTX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3, 4, dcSTX and STX, and no GTX5 and dcGTX2. The major toxins produced by A. catenella were C1 +2, and those of A. tamarense were C1 +2 and GTX4 in most of the isolates. A. tamarense strains other than SJW97046 produced a relatively high proportion of carbamate toxins, reflecting the high toxicity scores of shellfish intoxication in sampled coastal areas. Two representative toxic isolates, A. tamarense SJW97043 and A. catenella DPC7, were cultured for 30 days in batch mode and subjected to toxin analysis at 5-day intervals. Comparison of toxin productivity in terms of total toxin content, toxin components, and their variations with culture age revealed marked differences between the two strains.     

贝类配子细胞识别物的初步研究

利用薄层层析法快速检测了 11种经济贝类配子细胞所含的糖和脂肪酸的种类和活性。研究结果表明 ,各种贝精子和卵细胞含糖种类很相似 ,一般为 3～ 4种 5碳和 6碳糖 ;但不同贝类具体含糖种类和多少有差别 ,同一种类精子和卵细胞也有不同之处。脂肪酸种类差别明显 ,通常贝卵细胞比精子多一种到几种。这充分说明各种贝既有遗传上的相似性 ,又有不同种的特异性     

福建沿海文蛤产地和暂养地贝类素毒化状况

采集福建沿海文蛤产地，暂养地的文蛤，结合分析其所生长的个体情况，检测其DSP和PSP，结果表明：福建沿海文蛤产地和暂养地未出现的DSP，PSP毒化状况。     

剑湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性

在剑湖选择11个采样点,于2011年1月、4月、6月和10月按季度4次对大型底栖动物进行采样调查,共发现大型底栖动物52种,主要为软体动物、水生昆虫和环节动物种类。大型底栖动物的密度和生物量时空分布差异明显,密度表现为冬季＞春季＞夏季＞秋季;生物量表现为夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季。各采样点全年密度为16～23840个/m2,最高密度出现在采样点A左,最低密度则在采样点E右;生物量全年为1.68～2343.47 g/m2,以采样点D最高,采样点I最低。Margalef丰富度指数全年为0.10～2.75,最高值出现在秋季,最低值出现在夏季;Shannon -Wiener 指数、Simpson生物指数和Pielou均匀度指数全年分别为0.09～1.09、0.03～0.65和0.03～1.43,最高值均出现在夏季,最低值均出现在冬季。     

The conservation status of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) reefs in the Bay of Mont‐Saint‐Michel

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