应用微量血凝抑制试验和气管环中和试验检测传染性支气管炎抗体的研究

应用家兔Ａ型魏氏梭菌培养液处理的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）作血凝抑制抗原，建立了血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验方法，监测ＩＢ疫苗的免疫鸡血清ＨＩ效价，结果证明与气管环中和试验测得的中和抗体效价呈正相关，ｒ＝０．５２５，两组抗体效价ｔ检验差异极不显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。用其监测卵黄抗体、灭活的血清抗体以及用高岭土处理的血清抗体，结果与相应未处理的血清抗体效价一致，用以对江苏、山东两省的７个未作ＩＢ疫苗免疫的鸡场２０个鸡群进行流行病学调查，结果有１８个鸡群ＴＢ阳性，阳性率达８３％。     

沂南县某蛋鸡场新城疫、禽流感H5亚型（Re-5株）抗体水平的监测

新城疫、禽流感作为危害养禽业的主要传染病,通过其抗体水平监测,分析免疫状态,对鸡群合理饲养,确保养鸡业健康发展。本次检测沂南县某蛋鸡场血样50份,分离血清,通过微量血凝及血凝抑制试验(HI)进行新城疫、禽流感H5亚型(Re-5株)抗体水平监测。试验结果表明,新城疫平均HI抗体效价为9.4 log 2,禽流感H5亚型(Re-5株)平均HI效价为7.64 log 2,说明整场免疫合格,但鸡群需要补种禽流感H5亚型二联油乳剂灭活苗。     

蛋鸡卵黄与血清中H5N1亚型禽流感病毒Re-4株抗体效价相关性研究

用卵黄样本和血清样本监测H5N1亚型禽流感病毒Re-4株HI 抗体效价,对2种样本监测结果进行相关性研究。对115日龄蛋鸡群免疫重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-4株,禽用）,免疫后20～260 d对固定鸡群采样（血清样本和卵黄样本）,进行免疫抗体监测。结果表明,115日龄鸡群免疫后20～260 d卵黄和血清HI 抗体效价呈强相关,相差在1 log2以内的占绝大多数,均值t检验差异不显著。因此,用卵黄样本监测禽流感 HI 抗体效价是可行的。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清的制备与临床治疗试验

为筛选免疫效价高的疫苗,获得高免血清并进行临床治疗观察。本试验选用3种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗免疫健康新西兰大白兔,免疫后分别采血和分离血清,并用猪蓝耳病毒抗体PPA-ELISA检测试剂盒检测血清抗体效价,筛选出抗体效价较高的两种疫苗;免疫猪,制得高免血清对自然发病仔猪进行高免血清治疗试验。免疫兔试验表明,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗(CH-lR株)免疫后血清抗体效价最低,高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)血清(简称高致病疫苗血清)抗体效价比猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活疫苗(CH-la株)血清(简称灭活疫苗血清)低,用后两种疫苗免疫猪,血清抗体效价均能达到1∶1280。自然发病仔猪高免血清治疗试验显示,注射高致病疫苗血清对蓝耳病的治愈率为88%,灭活疫苗血清治愈率为76%。结果表明高免血清是无菌、安全的,所得两种血清可用于临床防治猪蓝耳病。     

益母草酊剂对鸡新城疫免疫后抗体效价(HI效价)影响

鸡群在接受新城疫苗免疫的同时 ,使用益母草酊剂 ,可以使免疫鸡群血清抗体效价 ( HI效价 )提高 ,在国外已有报道。本试验采用鸡群免疫的同时 ,以益母草酊剂饮水试验 ,于免疫后 1 0天测其血清HI效价 ,结果表明试验组 HI效价值均高于对照组(高出值为 0 .96～ 1 .2 6)。目的在于探索部分中草药对鸡群体内免疫功能的影响关系 ,现报告如下。1　试验材料1 .1　新城疫 系弱毒苗山东齐鲁制药厂提供。1.2　试剂 HI试验用抗原尿囊液稳定抗原 ,HI血凝价为 1 2 80 X;生理盐水 ;微量法血凝抑制试验器材一套。1 .3　益母草山东临沂地区药材采购供应…     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎抗体研究

将鸡肾型IBVAS分离株的鸡胚尿囊液毒接种28日龄SPF鸡 ,并采用该毒株制备油乳剂活苗进行二免和三免 ,采集不同免疫期的鸡血样 ,用间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测了血清IBV抗体产生的动态变化。结果表明 ,接种8d后 ,血清抗体水平显著升高 ,在12d时基本达到峰值 ,二免、三免两周后鸡群血清抗体水平与首免12d后的血清抗体水平均无明显升高。三免后的血清抗体血凝抑制效价达到6～91og2,暗示了该免疫期的鸡血清可用于鸡胚中和试验。     

水禽用H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对高致病性禽流感病毒流行毒株的免疫保护效果研究

为评价水禽用禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N2亚型,D7株)对2010年以后分离的高致病性禽流感病毒流行毒株的免疫保护效果,将该疫苗免疫3周龄SPF鸭后,21 d采血、分离血清测定HI抗体效价,同时用5株2010年以后分离的高致病性禽流感流行毒进行攻毒保护试验,攻毒后5d采集所有试验鸭喉头和泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离.结果显示,该疫苗免疫SPF鸭21 d后的HI抗体效价的几何平均滴度达7.4log2,对5株高致病性禽流感病毒的攻击均可产生良好的免疫保护,并有效阻止病毒排泄.该疫苗的推广使用将对我国水禽高致病性禽流感的防控发挥重要作用.     

H9亚型禽流感病毒流行毒株交叉免疫攻毒保护试验

采用1998-2009年在河北、河南及山东分离的3株禽流感H9亚型流行毒株,分别制备灭活疫苗,免疫SPF鸡,免疫后21 d,采血测定HI抗体,然后用从上述3个地区及北京分离的共5株禽流感H9亚型流行毒株进行攻击,观察不同时期及地点分离的H9亚型流行毒株的交叉免疫攻毒保护效果。结果显示,用不同时期及地点的3个分离毒株所制备出的灭活疫苗免疫鸡后,各免疫组试验鸡H9亚型禽流感的HI抗体效价均明显上升,不同毒株灭活疫苗所诱导产生的HI抗体效价存在着不同程度的差异,用同源毒株作为抗原测定免疫组鸡的血清样品,可获得较高的HI抗体效价。攻毒试验结果证明,对不同时期及地点分离的禽流感H9亚型流行毒株间产生了较好的交叉保护力。用1998年分离的WD98株制备出的灭活疫苗对目前的流行毒株仍具有较好的保护效力。     

免疫鸡群新城疫强毒感染及其与HI抗体的相关性研究

为调查新城疫强毒(vNDV)在免疫鸡群中的感染情况及其与抗ND抗体效价的相关性,用自行建立的检测vNDV的荧光定量RT-PCR(RRT-PCR)对采自川、渝两地36个免疫鸡群的360份肛门棉拭子进行检测,同时采血测定其血凝抑制抗体效价.结果共检出5个vNDV 阳性鸡群,每个阳性鸡群检出1例阳性样本,经病毒分离鉴定证实为NDV;36个受检鸡群HI抗体平均效价在4.5～10.1,标准偏差(SD)在0.70～3.19,变异系数在9.5%～44.3%.当SD大于2.0时,vNDV感染鸡群阳性率为50%,6(5/10),当CV大于32%6时,vNDV感染鸡群阳性率为62.5%(5/8);vNDV感染个体HI抗体效价分别为210、29,28,26,23;阳性样本RT-PCR产物经测序分析证实为vNDV F基因序列,发育进化分析显示,2株vNDV属基因Ⅶ型,3株属基因Ⅸ型.研究结果表明,RRT-PCR适合vNDV感染及传播的监测和分子流行病学调查;免疫鸡群是否感染vNDV可能与个体HI抗体水平高低无关,而与群体HI抗体离散度有关,SD和CV值有助于判定鸡群感染vNDV的风险.     

鸡毒支原体对NDV La Sota株免疫应答的影响

以鸡毒支原体NB72株或和R株对鸡先行人工感染,然后,与无支原体感染的对照鸡同样接种NDV La Sota株,观察NDV免疫应答动态。结果,支原体感染鸡群血清和气管中的NDV血凝抑制抗体效价,虽然比未接种支原体的鸡群低.但二者差异不显著(P>0.05).随后,通过攻击NDV强毒,不论先前经过或未经过支原体人工感染,ND免疫鸡全部被保护,且血清中NDV HI抗体效价均大幅度升高;未经ND免疫接种的对照鸡全部发病死亡,因此,鸡毒支原体NB72株或R株感染的鸡对NDV La Sota株的免疫应答无明显改变。最后就体内试验的结果进行了讨论。     

四种雉鸡新城疫疫苗免疫抗体消长规律的研究

用新城疫活疫苗(La Sota株)和新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联灭活疫苗免疫动物园圈养的孔雀、七彩山鸡、原鸡和白冠长尾雉4种雉鸡,于免疫前及免疫后14、21、35、90、150、210、280d分别采血检测血清中新城疫血凝抑制(HI)抗体。结果表明,孔雀免疫接种新城疫疫苗后14d就能产生较高效价HI抗体,35d抗体效价达高峰;七彩山鸡、原鸡、白冠长尾雉免疫接种新城疫疫苗后14d也能产生较高效价抗体,21d抗体水平达高峰,至免疫接种后90d抗体效价逐渐降低。整个试验过程中,孔雀产生的HI抗体效价最高,并且整齐度好,维持时间最长,至免疫接种后280d抗体效价仍能维持在7.5log2;白冠长尾雉产生HI抗体效价次之,到免疫接种后280d仍维持在6.67log2;七彩山鸡和原鸡抗体下降较快,到免疫接种后280d分别下降到5.67log和4.71log2。     

Comparison of the immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strains V4, Hitchner Bl and La Sota in chickens

The immunogenicity of three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains--V4, Hitchner B1 and La Sota, was assessed in chickens that had varying levels of maternal antibody to the virus. Chickens were immunised at different ages by the eye drop and aerosol methods. The immune response of chickens to similar doses of the strains was affected by the presence of maternal antibody. Both the level of maternal antibody and the strain of virus used affected the result. Strain La Sota was least affected as it took higher levels of maternal antibody to depress response to it than were required to have a similar effect on Hitchner B1 and V4. Strain V4 was the strain most affected by circulating maternal antibody. The results demonstrated that strain V4 was less immunogenic than Hitchner B1 and La Sota when used in chickens with maternal antibody to NDV.     

不同新城疫弱毒苗对新城疫病毒强毒的免疫保护试验

用NDV的LaSota株、VG/GA 株、VH 株、PHY LMV 42株及Clone 30株弱毒疫苗免疫SPF鸡后 ,通过对雏鸡免疫后的血清抗体监测表明 ,4种弱毒疫苗激发雏鸡的抗新城疫病毒抗体滴度在 7log2水平以下 ,且差异不显著。通过以上 4种新城疫弱毒疫苗对新城疫病毒东台强毒株的免疫保护试验表明 :至少单独使用弱毒疫苗 ,不能对东台地区流行的新城疫病毒强毒株提供有效保护 ,保护率在 60 %～ 74%     

Comparison of the immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strains V4, B1 and La Sota in chickens

The immunogenicity of the Australian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain V4 was compared with that of the International reference preparation of Hitchner B1 and a commercial La Sota strain. Immunity was assessed serologically using the log mean HI titres 21 days after immunisation, the percentage of birds in each group which developed titres greater than 2(3) and their resistance to graded challenge doses of the virulent Herts 33/56 strain of NDV. These tests showed that the V4 strain was significantly less immunogenic (P less than 0.01) than the B1 or La Sota strains when administered intraocularly (eye drop) or by aerosol methods. When given in the drinking water V4 induced a better immunity (P less than 0.01) than the B1 strain in one of 2 experiments.     

鸡新城疫病毒分离株与La Sota株灭活疫苗效力比较试验

用NDV分离株及La Sota株为抗源液，经福尔马林灭活后，与油佐剂混合，分别制成分离株灭活苗、La Sota株灭活苗及分离株与La Sota株二价灭活苗。将这三种灭活疫苗分别免疫SPF鸡后，均获得100%抵抗NDV分离株及F48株强毒攻击的保护力；而用这3种灭活苗与La Sota活苗单独或联合使用，免疫带有ND母源抗体的普通鸡后，3种灭活苗的免疫效力不同，分离株灭活苗与价灭活苗对NDV分离株攻击的免疫保护效力明显优于La Sota灭活苗；灭活苗与活苗同时使用，其免疫效力明显优于单独使用灭活苗或活苗。     

新城疫La Sota疫苗对山东分离株的免疫保护试验

用标准疫苗株La Sota活疫苗在隔离器中接种SPF鸡,进行免疫保护试验.免疫后,每7 d采血监测NDV抗体,免疫后2周,利用经过鉴定的新城疫病毒(NDV)潍坊毒SGM01、昌乐毒SCL03、东营毒HY、日照毒SRZ03、莘县毒SSX03和标准强度F48E9分别进行攻毒试验,同时设SPF鸡对照.每天观察,及时剖检发病鸡,检查鸡群病变,确定疫苗的保护性.结果表明,La Sota疫苗能对除SGM01和HY以外的病毒攻击的SPF鸡提供较好的保护.     

NDV La Sota株三个病毒克隆株间生物学特性的比较研究

为比较新城疫病毒(NDV)La Sota株不同克隆株之间的生物学特性,本研究通过挑取细胞病变区对LaSota株病毒进行纯化,并获得了3个病毒克隆株。通过血凝素热稳定性试验、病毒复制动力学试验和免疫原性试验,对3个病毒克隆株进行分析比较。结果显示,不同的病毒克隆株间在这些生物学特性上存在着不同程度的差异,表明为了获得性质均一、稳定的病毒,有必要进行病毒的纯化,并根据实验目的进行比较取舍。     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.     

VA5免疫增强剂对鸽新城疫病毒灭活疫苗的增效作用研究

试验旨在探究VA5免疫增强剂对鸽新城疫病毒（NDV）灭活疫苗（ND4416株）的免疫增效作用。选取160只健康鸽随机分为4组：ND4416株灭活疫苗组（NDV组）、ND4416株灭活疫苗与免疫增强剂（VA5）混合组（NDV+VA5组）、La Sota灭活疫苗组（La Sota组）及生理盐水空白对照组（C组）,进行免疫效力及免疫持续期试验。采用血凝抑制试验检测各组鸽免疫后不同时间点的血清抗体效价,结果显示,VA5免疫增强剂能够显著提高鸽NDV灭活疫苗血清抗体水平（P<0.05）。脾脏淋巴细胞转化试验结果显示,VA5能够有效刺激免疫鸽的淋巴细胞转化。在免疫后第30、90、180天,各组鸽子采用ND4416株进行攻毒试验,结果显示,NDV+VA5组在3个时间点的攻毒保护率均为100%,均高于La Sota组。免疫持续期试验结果显示,NDV+VA5组血清抗体水平在免疫后第21天达峰值11.20log₂,第180天仍能达到7.50log₂,攻毒保护率达100%,表明VA5免疫增强剂可延长鸽新城疫疫苗的免疫效力持续期至180 d。攻毒后体外排毒检测结果表明,VA5免疫增强剂能够缩短攻毒后鸽的体外排毒周期,减少体外排毒。综上,VA5免疫增强剂能够显著提高鸽NDV灭活疫苗的免疫效果,为研制效果更好的鸽NDV疫苗提供了基础依据,同时也为免疫增强剂的应用增加了试验数据。     

Isolation of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for commonly employed vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus

A monoclonal antibody, AVS-I, was produced from a hybridization of murine myeloma cells and splenocytes from mice immunized with the La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The hybridoma producing AVS-I, selected from 184 NDV-positive supernatants, is one of two supernatants that reacted exclusively with lentogenic strains in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AVS-I can also be assayed by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), which was used to test selected reference avian paramyxovirus (PMV) strains of types 1 to 3. NDV vaccines La Sota and B1 and field isolates from chickens, turkeys, pigeons, and cockatoos were also used as antigens. AVS-I had a high binding affinity for all La Sota and B1 strains, including vaccines. The antibody bound with a lower titer to the Australian Queensland V4 and Ulster strains, but it did not bind to the F strain, a lentogenic strain from England. AVS-I was HI-negative against the other PMV reference strains. AVS-I may be valuable for identifying field isolates antigenically similar to La Sota and B1 and rapidly differentiate those vaccine strains from more virulent viruses.