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前言:
随着世界各国特别是发达国家对食品安全日益重视,动物疫病已经成为肉类产品国际贸易难以逾越的壁垒,成为引起肉类产品国际贸易争端的主要因素。由于许多国家对动物疫病采取“零风险”的做法,往往一个国家的一个地方甚至一个饲养场发生规定动物疫病,整个国家的肉类产品出口就会受到其他国家的抵制。这种做法对肉类产品国际贸易的不利影响引起了世贸组织(WTO)和世界动物卫生组织(OIE)的关注,并因此出现了动物疫病区域化管理发展的新趋势。
且看李凯年先生与逯德山先生做客《论战场》畅谈——《有效利用“区隔化”管理促进肉类产品出口》! 相似文献
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提高动物防疫水平促进肉类产品出口 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李凯年 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2006,(9):4-8
在世界各国特别是发达国家对食品安全越来越重视的今天,由动物疫病引起的食品安全问题已经成为肉类产品国际贸易一道难以逾越的壁垒,一条不可突破的底线,成为影响肉类产品国际贸易和引起肉类产品国际贸易争端的主要因素。由于许多国家对食品安全特别是动物疫病采取“零风险”的做法,往往一个国家的一个地方甚至一个饲养场发生某种规定的动物疫病如疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感等,即使是仅仅出现一个病例,整个国家的肉类产品出口就会受到其他国家的抵制。这种做法对肉类产品国际贸易的不利影响早已引起了世贸组织(WTO)和世界动物卫生组织(OIE)… 相似文献
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近几年,猪链球菌病、禽流感等疫情接连发生暴露了我国畜牧业生产方式落后的弊端,特别是对我国肉类和肉类产品出口造成重创,转变畜牧业生产方式越来越得到关注并形成共识。随着世界各国对食品卫生安全日益重视以及动物疫病对肉类和肉类产品国际贸易的不利影响不断加大,国际动物疫病区域化管理也出现了新的趋势,迫切要求我国加快转变畜牧业生产方式的步伐。 相似文献
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彭斯瑶 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2004,(3):33-34
加入WTO后,产品关税壁垒将逐步消除,而非关税的贸易壁垒将成为国际贸易中的主要障碍。造成畜禽产品国际贸易的障碍,主要是动物及产品安全性问题。为此,很多国家制定了严格的标准,其中重要的一条就是动物疫病问题。不仅如此,产品在到达国还要经过严格的检疫检验,与之比较我国当前动物疫病监控存在较大的差距。公开动物疫情 相似文献
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目前,动物疫病己成为畜产品国际贸易的最重要技术壁垒,对畜产品国际贸易的影响越来越大。由于我国动物卫生监管防疫体系薄弱.与国际不接轨.相关标准不统一,很多国家怀疑我国畜禽产品的卫生状况,以动物疫病疫情为由设置技术壁垒.这在根大程度上阻碍了我国畜禽产品的出口,妨碍了我国畜牧业的健康快速发展和“三农”问题的解决。 相似文献
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实施动物疫病区域化管理 促进动物及动物产品国际贸易 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
动物疫病区域化管理是国际认可的重要动物卫生措施。实施动物疫病区域化管理,提高区域内动物及动物产品卫生水平,是提高动物及动物产品国际竞争力和动物产品安全质量,促进动物及动物产品国际贸易的重要举措。早在20世纪初,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)就已经制定了动物疫病区域化的相关标准,并应成员国要求,开始进行无规定动物疫病国家和区域的国际评估认可,按评估情况将成员国动物卫生状况划分为不同类别,供国际贸易参考应用。经过近二十年的发展证明,动物疫病区域化管理已经成为控制动物疫病、保护动物卫生水平、促进国际贸易的主要动物卫生措施,从而被世界各国广泛应用。 相似文献
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李凯年 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2003,19(11):4-5
长期以来,动物疫病一直威胁着人类安全、经济发展和社会稳定。特别是近几年来,疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感等重大动物疫病在许多国家频频发生和流行,造成严重危害和广泛影响,已经成为一个全球性的问题,动物疫病对动物及动物产品国际贸易的影响越来越大。防止动物疫病传入传出,促进动物及动物产品出口,给我国出入境检验检疫部门提出了严峻的挑战和更高的要求。 相似文献
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随着我国经济实力的迅速发展,人们的生活水平不断提高。肉类产品已成为人们日常生活的必需品,肉类食品的安全与人们的切身利益有极大的联系,养殖场作为肉类食品的主要来源,其动物疫病防控与市场上的肉类食品安全息息相关。该文将结合实际情况,对动物疫病防治的重要性、动物疫病防控对食源性动物产品安全的重要性以及做好养殖场动物疫病防治的方法措施展开具体探讨。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献