盐酸氯苯胍原料药主成分含量及有关物质的测定

为建立测定盐酸氯苯胍原料药中主成分含量及有关物质的超高效液相色谱法,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(1.7μm,2.1mm×100mm),以乙腈-2mL/L磷酸水(V∶V=40∶60)为流动相,检测波长为313nm,进样量10μL。在优化的色谱条件下,主成分与各杂质峰分离度良好,盐酸氯苯胍在15μg/mL～35μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999),低、中、高浓度样品的平均回收率分别为100.85%、100.61%、100.40%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.50%、0.07%、0.64%。盐酸氯苯胍的主要杂质为保留时间1.612的R1和5.416的R2,以主成分自身对照法计算,暂定单个杂质峰面积不得大于对照溶液主峰面积的0.16倍(0.16%),各杂质峰面积的和不得大于对照溶液主峰面积的0.26倍(0.26%)。该方法分离时间短,检出限低,分离度好,结果准确、可靠,可作为盐酸氯苯胍及其有关物质的检测方法。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定动物源性食品中氯苯胍及其代谢物残留

为快速有效地检测动物源性食品中氯苯胍及其代谢物残留,研究建立一种在鸡蛋、鸡肉、牛肉、鱼肉和猪肉5种动物源性食品中,同时检测氯苯胍及其代谢物(对氯苯甲酸、对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸)残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法。样品经过2%(V/V)甲酸乙腈溶液提取,无水硫酸钠去除水分,氮吹浓缩后甲醇复溶,正己烷除脂,高速冷冻离心,得到净化后的样品进行上机测定。选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),将甲醇—0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。通过多反应检测(MRM),在正/负离子模式下,采用基质匹配外标法,同时对3种化合物进行定性和定量分析。结果显示,氯苯胍、对氯苯甲酸和对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R~20.999。氯苯胍的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.5和1.0μg/kg,对氯苯甲酸的LOD和LOQ分别为2.5和5.0μg/kg,对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸的LOD和LOQ分别为1.0和2.5μg/kg。不同基质中,3种化合物在4个添加水平(氯苯胍:1.0、25、50、100μg/kg;对氯苯甲酸:5.0、25、50、100μg/kg;对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸:2.5、25、50、100μg/kg)的平均回收率为76.0%～95.9%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为2.6%～10.6%。基质效应|ME|为0.2%～26.2%,其中氯苯胍在鸡蛋中,对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸在鸡肉、牛肉和鱼肉中存在较强的基质效应(|ME|20%),空白猪肉可作为代表基质用于3种化合物的定量分析。本方法前处理简单,灵敏度较高,重现性好,可用于动物源食品中氯苯胍及其代谢物残留的测定。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定动物源性食品中氯苯胍及其代谢物残留

为快速有效地检测动物源性食品中氯苯胍及其代谢物残留,研究建立一种在鸡蛋、鸡肉、牛肉、鱼肉和猪肉5种动物源性食品中,同时检测氯苯胍及其代谢物（对氯苯甲酸、对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸）残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法。样品经过2%（V/V）甲酸乙腈溶液提取,无水硫酸钠去除水分,氮吹浓缩后甲醇复溶,正己烷除脂,高速冷冻离心,得到净化后的样品进行上机测定。选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）,将甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。通过多反应检测（MRM）,在正/负离子模式下,采用基质匹配外标法,同时对3种化合物进行定性和定量分析。结果显示,氯苯胍、对氯苯甲酸和对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R²>0.999。氯苯胍的检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.5和1.0 μg/kg,对氯苯甲酸的LOD和LOQ分别为2.5和5.0 μg/kg,对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸的LOD和LOQ分别为1.0和2.5 μg/kg。不同基质中,3种化合物在4个添加水平（氯苯胍：1.0、25、50、100 μg/kg;对氯苯甲酸：5.0、25、50、100 μg/kg;对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸：2.5、25、50、100 μg/kg）的平均回收率为76.0%~95.9%,相对标准偏差（RSDs,n=6）为2.6%~10.6%。基质效应|ME|为0.2%~26.2%,其中氯苯胍在鸡蛋中,对氯苯甲酰氨基乙酸在鸡肉、牛肉和鱼肉中存在较强的基质效应（|ME|>20%）,空白猪肉可作为代表基质用于3种化合物的定量分析。本方法前处理简单,灵敏度较高,重现性好,可用于动物源食品中氯苯胍及其代谢物残留的测定。     

木里牦牛犊牛球虫病药物治疗措施

<正>木里县牧场牦牛犊牛球虫病发病率30.27%、死亡率26.78%,牧民按一直使用盐酸氯苯胍进行治疗,治疗效果越来越差,长时间使用会产生抗药性,本次试验选用球贝宁(即地克珠利)与盐酸氯苯胍进行了对比试验;结果显示球贝宁试验组比盐酸氯苯胍试验组高5个百分点,治愈率达到95%。1试验地点及其概况(1)木里康坞牧场属亚热带气候区受地理位置和大气环流影响,全境属暖温带半湿润季风型气候,冬暖干     

HPLC-MS/MS法同时测定水产品中的诺氟沙星、盐酸小檗碱、盐酸氯苯胍残留

建立了一种同时测定水产品中诺氟沙星、盐酸小檗碱和盐酸氯苯胍残留量的HPLC-MS/MS法。样品经1%甲酸甲醇提取,正己烷脱脂,冷冻、离心后,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪,选择反应监测（SRM）、正离子模式进行定性和定量分析。结果表明：诺氟沙星、盐酸小檗碱和盐酸氯苯胍在1~100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数≥0.9996,检出限为1 ng/g。诺氟沙星、盐酸小檗碱、盐酸氯苯胍在5、50和100 ng/g三个添加水平下,三种水产品肌肉的平均加标回收率在79.83%~104.06%之间,相对标准偏差在2.97%~9.15%之间。本方法重现性好,灵敏度高,能够满足水产品中诺氟沙星、盐酸小檗碱和盐酸氯苯胍的残留检测和药代动力学的研究需要。     

盐酸氯苯胍精制工艺的研究

通过正交试验获得以丙酮为溶剂,用三乙胺作碱液调节反应液pH,在50℃下搅拌反应,可以有效去除盐酸氯苯胍中的1,2,3-三(对氯苯叉氨基)胍盐酸盐。此工艺简便且成本低,精制后成品含量达98%以上,回收率达90%。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定鸡肉中盐酸吗啉胍残留量

建立了测定鸡肉中盐酸吗啉胍药物残留的新型超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品用三氯乙酸-乙腈提取并去除蛋白质,然后用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用MRM扫描,外标法定量。结果显示:吗啉胍在(1.0~60.0)ng·m L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)大于0.990;检出限为0.5 ng·m L-1,定量限为1.0 ng·m L-1。本研究前处理方法简单快捷,质谱采用MRM扫描方法,灵敏度高,能够高效、灵敏地检测鸡肉中的盐酸吗啉胍药物。     

硝酸银滴定法诊断猪食盐中毒

<正> 猪食盐中毒时检查胃内容物中氯的含量对于确诊有很大价值(健康猪胃内容中氯的含量在0.31％以下)。为进行食糜的氯化物定量,可用1/10N的硝酸汞溶液滴定,但因硝酸汞货源少,作者试用硝酸银滴定胃容物中氯化物含量,取得满意效果,其原理为胃内容物浸出滤液中氯化物被硝酸银沉淀为氯化很,以铬酸钾为指示剂,使多余之硝酸银作用成为砖红色的     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡组织中氯苯胍残留

研究建立了鸡组织中氯苯胍残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经酸化乙腈提取后,分别经中性氧化铝柱和HLB固相萃取柱净化,C₁₈柱分离,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,外标法定量。氯苯胍在10 ng/mL～500 ng/mL的浓度范围内呈线性相关,相关系数为0.994以上。本方法对氯苯胍在鸡组织中的检测限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg;鸡肉、鸡肝和鸡肾在添加50μg/kg～200μg/kg浓度范围内,其回收率为76.7%～107.6%,鸡脂肪和鸡皮在添加100μg/kg～400μg/kg浓度范围内, 其回收率为81.2%～106.8%, 批内变异系数均在1.4%～19.5%之间,批间变异系数在2.5%～12.8%之间。本方法快速、灵敏、重现性好,各项技术指标均满足国内外相关法规要求,适用于鸡组织中氯苯胍的残留检测。     

饲料中盐酸氯苯胍的测定

盐酸氯苯胍(Robenidine hydrochloride)化学名称为1,3-双[(对氯苯叉)氨基]胍盐酸盐。盐酸氯苯胍是一种高效的抗球虫药,毒性小,疗效高,且适口性好,对鸡、兔的急性、慢性球虫病均有较好效果。然而,使用不当会使肉蛋产品产生异味,如有报道证明,在肉鸡日粮中添加量为66g/t时,屠宰的新鲜肉质中就会有异味,以33g/t的含量饲喂蛋鸡时,在鸡蛋中就会察出异味。为此,农业部2001年第168号公告“饲料药物添加剂使用规范”中规定,饲料中添加10％盐酸氯苯胍预混     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.