粗饲料组合效应对斯布牦牛营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究3种粗饲料(燕麦草、青贮玉米和苜蓿,其中苜蓿添加比例恒定为10%,青贮玉米+燕麦草添加比例恒定为60%)饲喂斯布牦牛的组合效应,并对不同组合饲粮进行营养物质表观消化率测定,筛选出适宜斯布牦牛采食的组合饲粮。选用体重相近的干奶期斯布牦牛30头,随机分为5组,每组设2个重复,每个重复3头牦牛,进行消化试验。配制5种试验饲粮,其组成如下:Ⅰ组,60%燕麦+10%苜蓿+30%精料;Ⅱ组,45%燕麦+15%青贮玉米+10%苜蓿+30%精料;Ⅲ组,30%燕麦+30%青贮玉米+10%苜蓿+30%精料;Ⅳ组,15%燕麦+45%青贮玉米+10%苜蓿+30%精料;Ⅴ组,60%青贮玉米+10%苜蓿+30%精料。结果显示:Ⅲ组的采食量、总增重最高,料重比最低。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗蛋白质和粗灰分表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.05);Ⅲ组酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于其他各组(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组钙表观消化率显著高于Ⅴ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组总磷表观消化率显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅴ组(P0.05)。以青贮玉米添加比例作为自变量(X),以粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别作为因变量(Y)去拟合模型,得到三次方程,自变量与因变量之间均呈强相关关系,相关系数(R2)分别为0.987和0.937。由此得出,燕麦草与青贮玉米的混合饲喂对斯布牦牛营养物质表观消化率具有组合效应,当青贮玉米添加比例为30%、燕麦草添加比例为30%时,斯布牦牛的料重比、增重及饲粮中各营养物质的表观消化率达到较好的效果,尤其是蛋白质和纤维的利用。     

饲喂全株玉米青贮及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中两种全株玉米青贮比例及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体况良好的6~8月龄疆岳驴断奶公驴40头（106.02 kg±11.81 kg）,随机分为5组：全株玉米青贮占粗饲料的比例分别为0（Ⅰ组）、30%（Ⅱ组）、60%（Ⅲ组）及额外补充碳酸氢钠的Ⅳ组（全株玉米青贮占粗饲料30%+碳酸氢钠）和Ⅴ组（全株玉米青贮占粗饲料60%+碳酸氢钠）,碳酸氢钠正常添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%计算,额外添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%+全株玉米青贮干物质的1%计算,每组8头驴,按照等能等氮原则设计饲粮。预饲期12 d,正试期120 d。结果显示,随着全株玉米青贮添加量的增加,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组料重比逐渐下降,其中试验Ⅲ组显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅲ组粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、粗灰分的表观消化率最高,显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,总蛋白、肌酐含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组葡萄糖含量极显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅲ组总胆固醇含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。与同等比例添加全珠玉米青贮的组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于试验Ⅳ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组平均日增重高于试验Ⅴ组（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ组料重比显著低于试验Ⅴ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ组料重比低于试验Ⅳ组（P>0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组间粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、能量和粗灰分的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ、Ⅴ组营养物质的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅳ组总胆固醇含量及谷丙转氨酶活力均显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅰ~Ⅴ组疆岳驴每千克增重成本分别为16.40、15.10、14.79、17.34和16.10元,整个试验期每头驴毛利润分别为711.27、837.53、871.98、629.46和738.16元。综上,在本试验条件下,以生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标为评价依据,综合经济效益比较,以在基础饲粮（以DM为基础）中添加0.28%碳酸氢钠时、全贮玉米青贮占粗饲料60%（在基础饲粮DM中添加26.67%）饲喂疆岳驴公驴效果最优,无需额外补充碳酸氢钠。     

不同剂量糖蜜和复合菌酶制剂对鲜食玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量糖蜜和复合菌酶制剂（植物乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、纤维素酶）对鲜食玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响。以鲜食玉米秸秆为原料,对照组不添加糖蜜和复合菌酶制剂,Ⅰ组添加20 g/kg糖蜜,Ⅱ组添加3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂,Ⅲ组添加20 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂,Ⅳ组添加40 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂。每组设3个重复,分别在第0天（青贮前）、第15天、第30天、第45天、第60天对鲜食玉米秸秆青贮的发酵品质及微生物数量进行测定,第60天时对营养成分含量进行测定。结果显示：1）青贮第60天时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的粗蛋白质（CP）和粗脂肪（EE）含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。2）青贮第60天时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的pH和丙酸含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的乳酸和乙酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。3）青贮第60天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的乳酸菌数量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;青贮第30天时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的好氧性细菌和酵母菌数量显著...     

熟洋蓟花苞片饲喂肉用型西门塔尔种牛效果及效益分析

[目的]利用熟洋蓟花苞外层片饲喂肉用型西门塔尔种牛,测量体重增重效果,分析熟洋蓟与玉米青贮作为粗料在相同的饲养环境条件下牛只饲养的经济效益情况。[方法]选取40头8~10月龄的肉用型西门塔尔育成母牛及20头哺乳母牛(犊牛在1月龄内)分别随机分成两组,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组为育成母牛分别饲喂熟洋蓟和玉米青贮,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为哺乳母牛分别饲喂熟洋蓟和玉米青贮;粗料按采食量添加,精料和青干草投放量育成牛两组相同、哺乳牛两组相同,犊牛精料均为自由采食,60d后称重。[结果]饲喂熟洋蓟和玉米青贮的Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组育成母牛60d后平均体重及日增重分别为307.72±13.94kg、1154±206g和278.28±17.60kg、711.53±187.43g;Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组哺乳母牛饲喂熟洋蓟和玉米青贮后其犊牛60d后平均体重及日增重分别为119.74±8.87kg、1115.83±247.13g和106.48±11.63kg、960.33±276.65g;差异均显著(P0.05)。[结论]分析通过四个组饲喂熟洋蓟和玉米青贮后牛只增重效果,可以看出,Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(犊牛)饲喂熟洋蓟增重效果分别优于饲喂玉米青贮的Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(犊牛);随着牛只对熟洋蓟采食量的增加,青干草采食量也有所增加,但精料量同时逐渐减少,到第35d时可完全不喂精料,可大大降低饲料成本,提高经济效益。     

日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究将晒干的木薯茎叶以不同比例与精料混合制成的全混合日粮对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响。选择20只海南黑山羊,分成4组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）,每组5只羊（3公2母）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的精料与木薯茎叶比例分别为3：7、4：6、5：5、6：4,试验期60 d。结果显示,Ⅲ组海南黑山羊的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）均高于其他3组,且Ⅲ组ADG显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）;除了Ⅰ组谷丙转氨酶（ALT）显著高于Ⅳ组（P<0.05）外,其他血清生化指标在各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;Ⅲ组的饲料养分表观消化率均最高,且均呈Ⅰ组到Ⅲ组逐渐升高,Ⅳ组降低的趋势。综合以上结果,海南黑山羊育肥羊日粮中木薯茎叶与精料的适宜比例为5：5,在此基础上,也可适当降低精料含量,增加木薯茎叶含量,以达到降低饲养成本的目的,但建议木薯茎叶添加比例不宜超过60%。     

重度盐碱化草地混播牧草对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

为了研究重度盐碱化草地混播牧草(披碱草、碱茅和沙打旺)对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响,试验选用12只5月龄、(34.6±0.57)kg体重的德国肉用美利奴杂交一代绵羊,采用随机区组设计分为4组,对照组饲喂精料补充料和玉米青贮(精粗比49:51),处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在对照组日粮基础上以重度盐碱化草地混播牧草替代1/3、2/3和3/3的玉米青贮。每只羊精料补充料平均日喂600g,粗饲料自由采食。结果表明:瘤胃液pH值组间差异不显著,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ组总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度显著高于对照组,处理Ⅲ组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。处理Ⅱ组瘤胃液丙酸浓度显著高于对照组和处理Ⅲ组(P0.05)。处理组瘤胃液丁酸浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ组瘤胃液戊酸浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ组异丁酸和异戊酸浓度显著高于对照组和处理Ⅲ组(P0.05)。处理Ⅲ组瘤胃乙酸/丙酸比例显著低于其他组(P0.05)。处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度显著高于对照组和处理Ⅲ组(P0.05)。以上结果说明以重度盐碱化草地混播牧草全部替代玉米青贮饲喂绵羊抑制了瘤胃发酵,而替代1/3和2/3玉米青贮时显著促进了瘤胃发酵。     

不同饲料配方育肥藏羔羊效果对比试验

采用不同饲料配方对80只12月龄放牧藏羔羊(其中40只纯藏羔羊,40只含75%藏羊血液藏陶杂交羊)进行90 d全舍饲育肥,两组试验羊每天供给相同量精粗料,试验结果表明,藏羔羊试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组试验末增重分别为12.78 kg和8.85 kg,试验Ⅰ组较试验Ⅱ组提高3.93 kg;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组羊日增重分别为142 g和98 g,试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组提高44g,差异显著(P0.05)。藏陶羊试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组总增重分别为14.36 kg和13 kg,试验Ⅰ组较试验Ⅱ组提高1.36kg,差异不显著(P0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组羊日增重分别为159.56g和144.44 g,试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组提高15.12 g。同时,试验Ⅰ组羊育肥经济效果高于试验Ⅱ组。表明试验Ⅰ组饲料配方更适于本地藏羔羊育肥生产,具有较高的推广价值。     

萨福克、白萨福克和小尾寒羊及其杂交一代生长发育的研究

选用萨福克（Ⅰ组）、白萨福克（Ⅱ组）、萨福克与小尾寒羊杂交一代（Ⅲ组）、白萨福克与小尾寒羊杂一代（Ⅳ组）和小尾寒羊的羔羊（V组）共262只,在饲喂相同的补充精料和相同的管理条件下,测定各品种羊的生长发育性能。结果表明,Ⅰ组羔羊的平均初生重5．34kg、Ⅱ组羔羊的平均初生重4．90kg,极显著高于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和V组（P〈0．01）Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组差异不显著（P〉0．01）且Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的平均初生重极显著高于V组（P〈0．01）,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的平均初生重差异不显著（P〉0．05）。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的0—3月龄日增重极显著高于Ⅴ组（P〈0．01）;Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的3—6月龄和0—6月龄日增重极显著高于Ⅴ组（P〈0．01）。Ⅱ组0—3月龄日增重显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）。     

精料补饲量对藏羊分娩后子宫复旧的影响

本试验旨在研究泌乳期精料补饲量对藏母羊子宫复旧的影响。选择3岁、第2胎次、体况相近的泌乳期藏母羊160只,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组藏母羊全舍饲饲养,每组40只,分别饲喂精料0.50、0.75和1.00 kg/(d·只),Ⅳ组为对照组,为40只,以传统方式放牧饲养。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。测定母羊体重,子宫重量、三径之和、子叶面积、子叶高度和子宫壁厚度。结果表明:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组母羊分娩后34 d增重极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P0.01),Ⅰ组极显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.01);随着泌乳期精料饲喂量的提高,母羊子宫重量、三径之和、子叶面积和子叶高度也随之降低,而子宫壁厚度随之增加;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组母羊分娩后34 d已完成子宫复旧。结果提示,补饲精料0.75 kg/(d·只)能够促进藏母羊子宫在分娩后34 d内复旧。     

日粮添加枣渣对肉牛血液指标及经济效益的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加枣渣对肉牛血液指标及经济效益的影响。试验选择安格斯阉牛48头,随机分成4组,各组肉牛日粮分别添加0%（Ⅰ组）、3%（Ⅱ组）、6%（Ⅲ组）、9%（Ⅳ组）的枣渣,每组12个重复,每个重复1头牛,试验为期60?d。结果表明：（1）各组间肉牛血液生化指标无显著差异（P> 0.05）。对肉牛血液抗氧化指标来说,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅳ组（P <0.05）,同时,Ⅲ组超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于Ⅱ组（P <0.05）,Ⅰ和Ⅳ组超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著差异（P> 0.05）;各组间总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、谷胱甘肽过氧化物水平无显著差异（P> 0.05）,但总抗氧化能力水平随枣渣添加量的增加呈上升趋势。（2）与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肉牛平均日增重分别提高16.54%、12.60%(P <0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肉牛平均日干物质采食量分别提高3.45%、3.86%(P <0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肉牛料重比分别降低6.57%、11.34%、7.86%(P <0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肉牛平均日育肥收益分别增加3.12、6.1...     

Effects of Different Proportions of Cassava Stem and Leaf in Diets on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistry Index and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Hainan Black Goat

The test was conducted to study the effect of different proportions of sun-dried cassava stem and leave in diet on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of Hainan Black goat. 20 weanling Hainan Black goats with similar day old and body weight were selected and divided into four groups (groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) which the concentrate to cassava stem and leaf ratio were 3:7,4:6,5:5 and 6:4,respectively. The test period was 60 d. The results showed that:The ADFI and ADG of group Ⅲ were higher than the other three groups. And the ADG of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);ALT of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than group Ⅳ (P<0.05),while there was no significant differences in the other indexes (TP,ALB,GLB,AST,BUN,TC,TG and GLU) between the experimental groups (P>0.05).The nutrient apparent digestibility in group Ⅲ were the highest,and all gradually increased from groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ, and then decreased in group Ⅳ. Therefore,in the actual production,the recommend ratio of concentrate to cassava stem and leaf was 5:5 when feed fattening Hainan Black goat. On this basis,it could also be appropriate to reduce concentrated content and increase cassava stem and leave content to reduce the feeding cost,but the proportion of cassava stem and leave should not be more than 60%.     

黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌对蛋雏鸭生长性能、血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌及其复合剂对蛋雏鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄健康绍兴公鸭600只，随机分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复20只。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮（对照组），Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加40 mg/kg的杆菌肽锌（抗生素组）、800 mg/kg的黄芪多糖、250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌、800 mg/kg黄芪多糖+250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌复合剂，试验期为28 d。结果显示：①1~14日龄时，各组平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）差异均不显著（P>0.05）。15~21日龄时，与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ADG显著提高（P<0.05）、F/G显著降低（P<0.05）；22~28日龄时，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ADG显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）；Ⅴ组ADFI显著高于其他组（P<0.05），Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组F/G显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。1~28日龄时，与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ADG显著提高（P<0.05）、F/G显著降低（P<0.05）。②试验第28天时，与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅴ组三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）含量显著提高（P<0.05）；Ⅲ、Ⅴ组甲状腺素（T4）、生长激素（GH）含量显著提高（P<0.05）；各组间血清皮质醇（CORT）含量无显著差异（P>0.05）；Ⅳ、Ⅴ组白细胞介素-2（IL-2）显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。Ⅲ、Ⅴ组干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中添加黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌可一定程度上提高蛋雏公鸭生长性能，改善血清生化指标，黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌复合添加效果优于单独添加。     

4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响。选用平均体重为(227.38± 16.48)kg的1岁伊犁马16匹,随机分为2组,每组8匹,采用分期分组的试验方法,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。试验Ⅰ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草8 kg/d、颗粒精料0 kg/d;试验Ⅱ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草7 kg/d、颗粒精料1 kg/d;试验Ⅲ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草6.3 kg/d、颗粒精料1.7 kg/d;试验Ⅳ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草5.6 kg/d、颗粒精料2.4 kg/d。进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明,1岁伊犁马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、磷的消化率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的消化率呈下降趋势;消化能、代谢能随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势(P > 0.05);氮沉积量、氮沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而增长,其中试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氮沉积量、氮沉积率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.01);钙沉积量、钙沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而降低,且试验Ⅰ组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P < 0.01);磷沉积量随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而极显著增加(P < 0.01);各组血浆中总蛋白含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血浆尿素氮含量均低于试验Ⅰ组(P > 0.05)。综合1岁伊犁马对4种日粮的消化代谢情况及血液生化指标,1岁伊犁马粗蛋白质适宜需要量为14.28 g/kg代谢体重,可消化蛋白适宜需要量为9.16 g/kg代谢体重,代谢能适宜需要量为1.74 MJ/kg代谢体重,消化能适宜需要量为1.41 MJ/kg代谢体重。     

Effects of Four Kinds of Diets on Nutrient Digestion,Metabolism and Blood Biochemical Indexes of One-year-old Yili Horse

Effects of four kinds of diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes of one-year-old Yili horse were studied in this experiment.16 health horses(all males) with an average body weight of (227.38±16.48)kg and similar age (one-year old) were used in a staging and grouping experiment design.First stage had groupsⅠ and Ⅱ,second stage had groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The horses of group Ⅰ were fed with alfalfa 8 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 0 kg/d; The horses of group Ⅱ were fed with alfalfa 7 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅲ were fed with alfalfa 6.3 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1.7 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅳ were fed with alfalfa 5.6 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 2.4 kg/d.Each stage lasted for 21 d (15 d pretrial period and 6 d trial period).The results showed that the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and P were increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,while the digestibility of NDF,ADF and Ca showed downtrend.DE and ME were significantly increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P > 0.05).N retention and retention rate showed an increasing tendency,N retention and retention rate of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were extremely significant higher than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01).Ca retention and retention rate decreased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,and Ca retention and retention rate of group Ⅰ were extremely significant higher than those in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01).P retention was extremely significant increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P < 0.01).There were no significant difference in the content of TP among all trial groups (P > 0.05),but the content of BUN in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P > 0.05).Thus,comprehensive nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indicators of four of kinds diets in one-year-old Yili horse,the requirement of crude protein,digestible protein,metabolizable energy,digestible energy were 14.28,9.16 g/(kg·BW) and 1.74,1.41 MJ/(kg·BW),respectively.     

Effect of Different Addition Schemes of Mannan Oligosaccharide on Growth Performance,Fecal Microorganism and Serum Immune Indexes of Calves

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of mannan oligosaccharides with different adding schemes on growth performance, fecal microorganism and serum immune indexes of calves.Twenty newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group.The claves in group Ⅰ（control group）were not fed the mannan oligosaccharide.The calves in group Ⅱ were fed 5 g mannan oligosaccharide added into the milk,and that of group Ⅲ were fed 5 g mannan oligosaccharide added into the starter diet while calves of group Ⅳ were fed 2.5 g mannan oligosaccharide added into the milk and the starter diet,respectively.The feeding trial lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows:①During the whole experiment period,body length an body structure of calves had no significant difference between the groups（P>0.05).②During the whole experiment period,the average daily dry matter intake（ADMI）and average daily gain（ADG）in the experiment groups was higher than the control group,the F/G was lower than the control group,and group Ⅱ was the best of the three experiment groups.③On 21th day,the number of Bifidobacterium in feces of the calves in the group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in other groups（P<0.05),and that of group Ⅱ was the highest;The number of E.coli in feces of the calves in the group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in other groups（P<0.05),and the group Ⅱ was the lowest.On 56th day,the number of Bifidobacterium of experimental groups were higher than that of control group.The change of E.coli number of four groups were as the same as 21th day.④On 21th day,the serum IgA content of experimental groups were higher than group Ⅰ,and that of group Ⅱ were significantly increased（P<0.05);IgG had a similar change with the IgA;The serum IgM content of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than group Ⅰ（P<0.05), while that of group Ⅲ was lower than control group;On 56th day,the serum immune indexes of experimental groups were all higher than control group（P>0.05).In conclusion,adding mannan oligosaccharides could promote calf growth performance,gut health and immunity,while adding mannan oligosaccharide to milk had better effects.     

添加复合酶制剂的青贮玉米秸秆育肥肉牛试验

[目的]为降低饲养成本,提高经济效益,指导肉牛养殖户科学合理利用玉米秸秆。[方法]选择10月龄年龄和体重相近健康的西杂牛18头,随机分为三组,每组6头,试验前经检验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在精饲料喂量相等的情况下,Ⅰ组饲喂复合酶发酵玉米秸秆;Ⅱ组饲喂复合酶发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆各占50%;Ⅲ组饲喂青贮玉米秸秆。经60d试验,三个试验组相互对比分析。[结果]表明:用复合酶发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆各占50%饲喂肉牛,育肥效果较单纯饲喂复合酶发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆高,但经方差分析,差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组日采食玉米秸秆分别比Ⅰ、Ⅲ组高120g和170g;Ⅱ组日增重分别比Ⅰ、Ⅲ组高20g和40g;每千克日增重Ⅱ组分别比Ⅰ、Ⅲ组降低饲料成本0.22元和0.19元。[结论]用复合酶处理玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆搭配可以在肉牛育肥方面推广应用。     

酵母锌对肉鸡生长性能及生理功能的影响

选用1日龄白羽肉鸡100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组20只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ为酵母锌组,锌水平分别为50,35mg/kg,Ⅲ为硫酸锌组,锌水平为50mg/kg;Ⅳ为空白酵母组,酵母添加剂量为100mg/kg;V为基础日粮对照组。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,50d后,对生长性能、血常规、血液生化（Crea、Urea、AST、ALT、ALB）及抗氧化（抗O2-.、GSH-Px、GSH）指标进行检测。结果显示,平均日增重和料重比,21d时各组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,50d时与V组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组生长性能显著提高（P〈0.01）,其中I组最高。各组血液常规指标均处于正常范围内,但Ⅰ组红细胞数极显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）。血清中肌酐、尿素含量以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组白蛋白含量较其他组显著提高（P〈0.01）。血清抗O2-.活力、GSH含量Ⅰ组显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px活力Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于其他各组（P〈0.01）。结果提示,日粮添加适量酵母锌（Zn 50mg/kg）可以提高肉鸡生长性能,在一定程度上增强机体免疫机能,提高肝脏功能和机体抗氧化功能。     

Effect of Monascus Compound Additive on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler

This trial was conducted to study the effect of Monascus compound additives on growth performance and meat quality of broilers.The total of 400 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate.The broilers in group Ⅰ(control group),were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%,1% and 1.5% Monascus compound additives,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 d.At the ending of the experiment,all the birds were weighted and two of each replicate were slaughtered,the samples from breast and leg muscles were taken for meat quality measurement.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,the ADG increased significantly（P<0.05),and F/D decreased significantly（P<0.05）in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,but the differences were not significant between group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P>0.05);Compared with the control group,the muscle redness（a^*）and yellowness（b^*）in all the experimental groups increased significantly（P<0.05),and the drip loss rate decreased significantly（P<0.05),but the muscle lightness（L^*),cooking loss rate and shear force had no significant change（P>0.05),and pH_{24 h} of muscles in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ reduced significantly（P<0.05).In conclusion,adding Monascus compound additives in diets could improve growth performance and meat quality in broiles, and the appropriate level should be 1%.