猪无名高热症的诊断与中药治疗

1病因分析引起发热的原因很多,临诊上分为致热原性发热和非致热原性发热。致热原又分传染性致热原（病菌、细菌、部分寄生虫等）和非传染性致热原（蛋白质性致热物质、化学物质、坏死组织崩解产物等）。非致热原性发热多由中枢神经系统损伤,内分泌功能障碍等原因引起。临诊上无名高热一般无传染性,可认为主要是非传染性致热原发热和非致热原性发热。本病一年四季可发,以夏、秋季多发。     

犬热症的治疗

１犬热症的病因治疗引起犬机体体温升高的原因主要有两种，即非致热原性发热，如中枢神经受损（脑出血、脑震荡、脑肿瘤、脑脓肿、颅骨损伤）、产热过多（骨骼肌痉挛、战栗、运动过强）、散热障碍（严重烧伤、排汗减少、排尿减少）和致热原性发热，如传染性致热原（各种生物性致病因子：细菌、病毒、寄生虫）、非传染性致热原（恶性肿瘤产物、抗原抗体复合物、化学药物性致热原、无菌性炎症产物、类固醇物质）。１．１抗病毒药物的应用如果犬的发热性疾病是由病毒感染引起，就要选用抗病毒药物进行治疗。目前对病毒主要采取疫苗预防及发病后…     

小柴胡汤在兽医临床的应用

我国医学对小柴胡汤的适应症和少阳症有详细的记载，在兽医论著中较少见对小柴胡汤的适应症和少阳症的临床症状进行记述。二十多年来．笔者通过对中兽医理论的学习、临床摸索和实践，将小柴胡汤应用于兽医临床．共治疗192例病畜，其中属少阳症的91例，全部治愈，治愈率100％。母畜产后感冒、老龄。体弱牲畜感冒96例，治愈74例．治愈率77．1％。老龄牲畜消化道机能障碍5例，治愈4例，治愈率80％，现将典型病例及防治体会介绍如下。     

小柴胡汤治疗牛流行热的效果与观察

中兽医临床无人以方多剂广而著称．而是以一效之方而闻名。小柴胡汤．沿自公元196年东汉张仲景所著《伤寒论》，为治疗感冒、流感及各种变异流感等伤寒疫证之主方，小柴胡汤由柴胡、黄芩、制半夏、人参、生姜、甘草、大枣共七味中药以“君臣佐使”组方原则，以扶正祛邪、调和阴阳为目的。是和解少阳的传统方剂，临床上辨证配伍，适当加味．并视具体情况制成散剂或汤剂。     

加味小柴胡散对奶牛产后发热的临床疗效

奶牛产后发热是因感染或体内因素变化引起的一种临床症候,发病率占围产牛的15%以上,是奶牛产后保健的难题。根据中兽医理论和实践经验自拟加味小柴胡散,通过拌饲或灌服一个疗程(6 d),对产犊异常、产后轻度发热、产后发热且采食与精神异常等三类情况的奶牛产后发热进行了临床疗效观察,对服用中药不愈者,转入第二阶段中西医综合治疗。结果表明加味小柴胡散对奶牛产后发热的总治愈率为81.7%;对胎衣不下、恶露不尽、采食与精神异常的治愈率分别为83%、91.9%和71.2%;对分娩异常但初始无临床症状牛的保护率为80%。加味小柴胡散疗效显著,价格低廉,使用方便,值得进一步研究推广。     

接种猪口蹄疫疫苗不良反应咋处理

<正>猪注射口蹄疫疫苗后,由于注射方法不当或机械性刺激造成的局部无菌性水肿,如果不发生感染应该在1周左右自然消失。但是发生发热症状和过敏性反应时应引起注意:发热是由于疫苗中致热原引起的体温升高,这种情况一般属于非感染性发热。过敏性反应是因为引起反应的过敏原中含有微生物、寄生虫及其代谢产物等。上述不良反应主要表现为:发热、局部肿胀、结膜潮红肿胀、有眼眵、精神     

中医药治疗猪温热病探究

猪温热病是指原因复杂、发病突然,以高温(体温40℃以上)、皮肤发红或有红斑、粪干尿少为特征的一种发热综合征.临床上多种原因可引起发热,可分为致热原性发热(细菌、病毒、部分寄生虫等)和非致热原性发热(多由中枢神经系统损伤、内分泌机能障碍等).该病一年四季可发,以夏秋季节多发,用抗菌素、磺胺类药物等治疗无效或效果很差.利用中医药分期施治,有时可获得一定疗效.兹介绍如下,以供参考.     

热毒清注射液对内毒素性发热的防治作用

发热是动物疾病特别是传染病发病过程中最常见的临床症状之一，而细菌内毒素又是广泛存在的外源性致热原，许多动物发热性疾病与内毒素有关。为了筛选有良好解热作用的中草药，有效地防治内毒素性发热，本试验采用内毒素致家兔发热模型观察了热毒清注射液对发热的防治作用，现将试验结果报告如下。     

兽医临床之误

1见效就退简单认为畜禽发热是疾病的症状，只要一发热便急忙用药退热．殊不知发热在一定限度内是抵抗疾病的生理措施，能提高机体抗损伤的能力，一定程度的发热是机体致热原刺激的一种防御反应，有利于机体消除病原，为恢复健康创造条件．当然畜禽过高的体温或持续发热时对机体有害，可使机体各个系统的机能及代谢发生严重障碍，甚至器官变性或坏死．因此，在兽医临床中，必须根据具体情况区别对待，对高热或持续发热应及时采取有效的治疗措施，予以降温退热．而对微热，不要随便使用退热药，这样会降低机体的防御能力，甚至造成热型混乱，…     

动物肥胖度的高效调节蛋白Leptin

Leptin是动物肥胖基因的表达产物，有人称之为肥胖蛋白，具有明显降低机体肥胖程度的功能，因此也有人称之为瘦蛋白。最早发现这种新蛋白的是美国洛克菲勒大学的Zhang，YR等人（1994）发现小白鼠的能量平衡受到某种物质的调控，该物质主要是由肥胖基因编码的。他们克隆了几种类型的小白鼠肥胖基因并进行测序，发现mRNA由4．5kb组成，其中一段编码167个氨基酸的序列相对保守。进而他们又从小白鼠白脂肪组织eDNA文库中克隆出了肥胖基因eDNA，测序发现5’端由97个碱基组成，随后是编码167个氨基酸的保守序列，3’端则由3700多个碱基组成的非翻译序列。这段保守序列编码产物就是高效调控能量平衡的物质，命名为Leptin。最近猪、鸡的Leptin基因也得到了克隆，并获得了表达产物。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.