一起貂狐貉犬瘟热的暴发流行——谈我国毛皮兽养殖业的问题所在及发展出路

文中从发生在毛皮兽养殖业发展比较集中地区的一起犬瘟热暴发流行和一些种狐诉讼咨询为实例．评述我国大陆地区毛皮兽（貂狐貉）养殖发展中存在的问题．诸如部门管理错位与失误．长期来无发展规划与无种兽、饲养、环境标准和疾病防控规范：长期来存在品种持续退化及产仔率、成活率和毛皮质量低下．经济效益和发展波动不稳：由于分散饲养导致了生态环境污染、生物安全失控和疫病扩散频发等等。同时．提出了一些相应的建议与对策。     

我国毛皮兽养殖存在的问题及发展出路

文中从发生在毛皮兽养殖业发展比较集中地区的一起犬瘟热暴发流行和一些种狐诉讼咨询为实例,评述我国目前毛皮兽(貂狐貉)养殖发展中存在的问题,诸如部门管理错位与失误,长期来无发展规划与无种兽、饲养、环境标准和疾病防控规范;长期来存在品种持续退化及产仔率、成活率和毛皮质量低下,经济效益和发展波动不稳;由于不规范的分散饲养导致了生态环境污染、生物安全失控和疫病扩散频发等等.同时,提出了一些相应的建议与对策.     

我国水貂养殖的现状与发展前景分析

<正>我国毛皮兽养殖虽有几十年的发展历程,但却远不如芬兰、美国等发达国家毛皮兽饲养水平。主要存在以下几个问题:1我国毛皮兽养殖企业、养殖户科技意识差,不讲科学饲养,科技投入较少。表现为:有的饲养场把狐、貂等珍贵毛皮兽长期近亲交配繁殖,后代个体退化,体型越来越小,毛皮质量差,     

毛皮动物全价饲料使用中的误区

目前我国毛皮兽饲养业发展很快,养殖毛皮兽已有一定规模,主要饲养品种为狐、貉、水貂.我国现饲养狐约2000万只、水貂约1 800万只、貉约400万只.随着毛皮兽饲养量的不断增加和近海渔业资源的枯竭,因此新的饲料来源和新的饲养方式,是产业发展的必然选择.……     

养殖毛皮动物应注意的几个问题

<正> 笔者在下乡,指导服务过程中,发现毛皮动物养殖有以下一些问题需引起广大养殖户注意。1 盲目选种由于毛皮动物饲养量的持续增长,导致种源紧张,在这种情况下,特别是部分急于发展毛皮动物养殖的新养殖户,便不加选择地留种,或在引进种兽时已没有选择的余地。这样做带有很大的盲目性,会给养殖带来更大的风险。性能优良的基础种群,是毛皮动物养殖取得良好经济效益的基础,对种兽不加选择,往往会造成繁殖率低、个体生长发育不良、毛皮品质差等一系列不良后果,导致养殖失败。因此,提醒广大毛皮动物养殖户,发展毛皮动物养殖一定要提前作好准备,严格选留、购进种兽。2 饲料配制不科学     

芬兰的毛皮兽养殖业

芬兰第一个毛皮兽养殖场是建于七十多年前的银狐场.芬兰毛皮兽育种家协会,是7个地方性养殖协会的中心组织,1928年成立,其任务一向是促进毛皮兽养殖业的发展.芬兰养殖的毛皮兽多为水貂、蓝狐、浣熊和臭猫.60年代曾是狐的全盛时期.此后则被水貂所取代.最近10年来养狐数量再次猛增。1987年共产貂皮390万张,狐皮350万张,浣熊皮9百张和臭猫皮     

海狸鼠疾病防治技术问答

近几年来,在我国由于水貂等食肉类毛皮动物几经大起大落后已呈滞稳状态.随之,海狸鼠等食草类选毛皮兽饲养热又被炒起,同样也带来了疾病泛滥,一哄而上等弊病,纷纷要求编辑部提供确切的咨询.为此,我们再次请南京农业大学张振兴教授撰文公开解答,以飨读者.     

华池县獭兔养殖业中存在的问题及建议

獭兔是一种典型的皮用型兔,因其毛皮酷似珍贵毛皮兽水獭,故称为獭兔。本文对华池县獭兔养殖业中存在标准化养殖程度低、饲喂不科学、品种退化、疫病防治等问题进行了分析,对今后獭兔产业发展提出了一些建议。     

毛皮动物自咬症的综合防治

自咬症是食肉毛皮动物的常见急性慢性经过的疫病,在我国各地养殖场（户）均有发生,严重影响毛皮动物的生长发育和毛皮质量,病兽啃咬自己的尾巴、大腿内侧或躯体的某～部位的被毛和肢体,造成皮张破损或病兽死亡,我场经过多年实践,采取预防为主,综合防治的措施,在控制自咬症的发生方面取得较好的效果,供广大养殖场（户）参考。     

我国毛皮兽发展前景

(一)我国毛皮鲁饲养业形势 我国毛皮兽真正发展时期,是在80～90年代,1996年达到高峰,全国毛皮兽(狐和貂)达150万头以上,1998年随着亚洲经济危机,皮张价格一直下滑,跌至1996年价的三分之一。面对皮张价格低迷,全国除了一些规模的大中场家处于调整提高阶段外,一些专业户和小场则纷纷解体,但全国毛皮兽饲养量仍有100万头左右,其中水貂50～60万头,狐35～40万头。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.