中国加入兽药注册技术要求国际协调会（VICH）可行性与利弊分析

介绍了兽药注册技术要求国际协调会(VICH)基本情况,分析了我国兽药注册技术要求与VICH指南的差异,并从两者兽药注册规则的角度,研究我国加入VICH的可行性及利弊问题,以期为决策提供参考。     

VICH兽药靶动物安全性研究指导原则概述

VICH兽药靶动物安全性研究指导原则详尽地介绍了靶动物安全性研究的试验设计、实验方法和测定的变量,从2009年7月起在VICH地区实施。该指导原则是国际统一标准,按此指导原则所做的研究在VICH地区可得到相互承认。     

《兽药注册的国际技术要求》翻译体会与心得

本文从《兽药注册的国际技术要求》[Veterinary International Conference on Harmonization(VICH)Guidance Documents]翻译入手,重点介绍了《兽药注册的国际技术要求》的体例结构与内容编排、标题与段落处理方式,归纳总结了直译与意译相结合、兽药专业用语、缩略语的翻译经验,以期为深入理解和准确把握VICH、促进我国兽药走向国际提供参考和帮助。     

VICH血药法生物等效性指导原则概述

血药法生物等效性试验是开展兽药比对试验工作的重要手段之一。VICH血药法生物等效性指导原则介绍了除多次采血困难的靶动物(如蜂、鱼)的动物血药法生物等效性的实验建议,使基本药代动力学试验、生物等效性试验设计和统计分析原则等在VICH地区得到互认。该指导原则2016年8月开始实施。     

VICH GL43指导原则适用性研究

兽用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(VICH)指导原则转化是补充我国兽药技术指导原则的一种途径。对VICH GL43在我国兽药注册中的适用性进行研究，并与我国发布的相关指导原则技术要点进行比较，分析和讨论一般靶动物安全试验和其他情形靶动物安全性试验在动物选择、研究设计、给药方案、实验参数等方面的考虑和要求，并评估其适用性，为兽药研发和技术评审相关人员提供参考。     

兽药注册技术要求国际协调会成员国家或地区自家疫苗的监管控制

传染病对畜牧业生产构成巨大威胁,自用疫苗的合理使用可以帮助控制和预防畜/禽群中的传染病,从而保障动物健康,护航养殖发展。伴随对于加强自用疫苗注册监管呼声日益增强,本文从总体情况、法规指南、批准类型、评审材料要求、使用限制等几个方面,对VICH成员国家关于自用疫苗的监管控制进行梳理,为构建我国兽用自用疫苗的审批监管制度提供参考。     

日本"肯定列表制度"对我国畜产品出口的影响

中国制定了限量标准而日本为“一律标准”的兽药/饲料添加剂可分为两种情况：一种情况是中国制定了限量标准而日本为“一律标准”的兽药/饲料添加剂,共6种;另一类情况是针对某一种产品中国制定了限量标准而日本为＂一律标准＂的兽药饲料添加剂,共3种,涉及6种（类）食品,6条限量指标.     

养禽场制定免疫程序的参考因素

<正>免疫程序是否科学、合理是决定养禽场养殖成败的决定性因素之一,因此在制定免疫程序时一定要严谨、慎重,笔者认为在制定时应考虑以下因素:1疫病流行情况养禽场在制定免疫程序时首先应考虑当地疫病流行情况,一般而言,免疫的疫病种类,主要是可能在该地区暴发、流行的疫病。     

引进种猪的几项要点

1制定科学合理的引种计划引种前要根据猪场的实际情况,制定出科学合理的引种计划,计划包括种猪品种(大白、长     

规模猪场免疫程序的制定

根据安徽省宿州市当地情况及个人经验,总结了规模猪场免疫程序制定的步骤以及免疫程序制定过程中需要考虑的问题,以供有关人员参考.     

International harmonisation of anthelmintic efficacy guidelines (Part 2).

The "International Co-operation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH)" is an international programme of co-operation between regulatory authorities and the animal health industries of the European Union, Japan and the United States of America which aims to harmonise the technical requirements for the registration of veterinary medicinal products. Australia and New Zealand participate as active observers. The objective of this second paper is to present additional guidelines established by the Working Group on anthelmintic guidelines: (1) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for equine (VICH GL15), (2) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for porcine (VICH GL16), (3) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for canine (VICH GL19), (4) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for feline (VICH GL20) and (5) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for poultry (VICH GL21). These guidelines do not consist of rigid stipulations, but make clear recommendations on the minimal standards needed. To the veterinary profession, livestock producers and animal owners, harmonisation should mean quicker access to safer and more effective veterinary anthelmintics. In general, products should be relatively more affordable because of the reduction in registration costs and efficient use of resources by the regulatory authorities.     

International harmonisation of anthelmintic efficacy guidelines

The "International Co-operation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH)" is an international programme of co-operation between regulatory authorities and the animal health industries of the European Union, Japan, and the United States of America which aims to harmonise the technical requirements for the registration of veterinary medicinal products. Australia and New Zealand participate as active observers. The objective of the present paper is to present the guidelines established by the working group on Anthelmintic Efficacy Guidelines: (1) efficacy of anthelmintics: general requirements (VICH GL7); (2) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for bovines (VICH GL12); (3) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for ovines (VICH GL13); (4) efficacy of anthelmintics: specific recommendations for caprines (VICH GL14). These guidelines do not consist of rigid stipulations, but make clear recommendations on the minimal standards needed. To the veterinary profession, livestock producers and animal owners, harmonisation should mean quicker access to safer and more effective veterinary anthelmintics. In general, products should be relatively more affordable because of the reduction in registration costs and efficient use of resources by the regulatory authorities.     

World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (WAAVP): second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in swine

Guidelines are provided for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in swine which, in conjunction with other sets of guidance such as those of the International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH GL7 and VICH GL16), should encourage the adoption of uniform registration requirements globally. Testing of efficacy should be carried out according to the principles of "Good Clinical Practice" (VICH GL9, 2000). Data obtained according to these guidelines should be internationally acceptable for the registration of anthelmintics for swine. Further, the use of the guidelines should expedite development, government review, and approval of anthelmintics for swine, as well as contribute towards reducing costs and the number of experimental animals used for drug testing.     

Establishing bioequivalence of veterinary premixes (Type A medicated articles)

a) Key issues concerning Premix (Type A medicated articles) Bioequivalence evaluations: 1) This is a complex issue concerning both route of administration and formulation. 2) If the animal is not at the bunk/trough, the animal is not self-administering (eating medicated feed), thus there can be no drug absorption. b) Differing opinions among scientists and regulatory authorities/expert bodies regarding: 1) No harmonization on how to design, conduct, and interpret in vivo studies. 2) Applicability of biowaivers to Type A (premix) products. 3) Why are topdress and complete feed considered differently? Are they different formulations or different routes of administration? 4) Single dose vs. multi-dose studies. 5) What is the final formulation? c) What are the next steps: 1) Harmonize current bioequivalence guidelines through the VICH process. 2) Determine the applicability/non-applicability of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). 3) Establish the Total Mixed Ration (i.e. formulation) effects. 4) Define the test subject (individual, pen, etc.).     

Appraisal of the Australian Veterinary Prescribing Guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery in dogs and cats

The Australian Veterinary Prescribing Guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery on dogs and cats are evidence‐based guidelines for veterinary practitioners. Validation of these guidelines is necessary to ensure quality and implementability. Two validated tools, used for medical guideline appraisal, were chosen to assess the guidelines. The terminology from the GuideLine Implementability Appraisal (GLIA) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation version 2 (AGREE II) were adapted for use by veterinarians. A two‐phase evaluation approach was conducted. In the first phase of the evaluation, the GLIA tool was used by two specialist veterinary surgeons in clinical practice. The results of this phase were then used to modify the guidelines. In the second phase, the AGREE II tool was used by 6 general practitioners and 6 specialists to appraise the guidelines. In phase 1, the specialist surgeons either agreed or strongly agreed that the guidelines were executable, decidable, valid and novel, and that the guidelines would fit within the process of care. The surgeons were neutral on flexibility and measurability. Additional clarity around one common surgical procedure was added to the guidelines, after which the surgeons agreed that the guidelines were sufficiently flexible. In phase 2, 12 veterinarians completed the assessment using the AGREE II tool. In all sections the scaled domain score was greater than 70%. The overall quality of the guidelines was given a global scaled score of 76%. This assessment has demonstrated that the guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis for companion animal surgery are valid and appear implementable.     

Development of new canine and feline preventive healthcare guidelines designed to improve pet health

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) have jointly introduced the first Canine and Feline Preventive Healthcare Guidelines. These consensus statements provide veterinarians with a new resource for improving patient care by emphasizing the value and scope of regular pet examinations. The two guidelines provide complete recommendations for comprehensive preventive healthcare programs, published as accessible, single-page documents. The guidelines are based on the subjective-objective-assessment-plan (SOAP) methodology of case management, a proven approach traditionally used with sick or injured patients. This logical and disciplined process is equally applicable to healthy patients and is designed to consistently deliver optimal patient care. The guidelines recommend visits for health examinations on at least an annual basis, recognizing that for many pets, more frequent visits may be appropriate, depending on the individual needs of the patient. The guidelines also provide detailed diagnostic, therapeutic, prevention, and follow up plans, to be accompanied by appropriate documentation. The inclusive content and concise format of the guidelines are designed to maximize their practical value and make them easy to implement.